------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7420 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, NEXUS-397, (May 20 2022) QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3d, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKAINF2021, FLUKACERN2020, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reduce memory usage of FLUKA INFN Improve precision of energy conservation in EPOS LHC at low energy (no change in physics) various technical corrections with no impact on results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7410 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, NEXUS-397, (April 30 2021) QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3d, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKAINF2020, FLUKACERN2020, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For linking with FLUKA now also the FLUKACERN package is available with new options FLUKACERN and FLUKAINFN. Correct bug in CHERENKOV array scattering (crash). removed ROOT dependency from COASTUSERLIB in coconut correct bug killing particles for exactly vertical shower using UPWARD+CURVED only. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7402 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Dec. 18 2020) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3d, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011/2020, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Correct bug in FLUKA interface. Physic results are not changed but since FLUKA 2020 some showers were very slow and producing huge output files. Update of bernlohr package to version 1.63. Correct bug in FLUKA interface. Physic results are not changed but since FLUKA 2020 some showers were very slow and producing huge output files. Update of bernlohr package to version 1.63. Introduction new option NRREXT (NumbeR of Run EXTension) which enables run numbers up to 999999999. Doxygen COAST documentation now easily accessible ("make" in coast/Documentation). Not to be combined with options ANAHIST, AUGERHIST, INTTEST, PLOTSH, PLOTSH2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7401 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (July 8 2020) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3d, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011/2020, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update of bernlohr package to version 1.62 Correction in coconut to access COAST_USER_LIB without -e Correction to avoid wrong energy threshold in MPI calculation (problem if number of particles to store is too large) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7400 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (May 27 2020) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3d, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011/2020, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update of bernlohr package to version 1.61 In Subr. BOX2 erroneously for EPOS and SIBYLL the decay length of strange baryons was not calculated, so these particles were transported according to their interaction length. This bug is now eliminated. Bugs in the binning of the longitudinal profile and in counting of neutral particles for upward going showers have been corrected. New monthly SouthPole atmosphere parameters for IceTop (de Ridder) are added. Corrections to optimize MPI usage with CoREAS. Add MWEIC keyword to select one of the weight in MULTITHIN with COASTUSERLIB and possibly keep a normal output. Improve compatibility between MPI and MULTITHIN. Update CONEX to version 7.5 with improved compatibility with CORSIKA (same lambda treatment in QGSJETII), same projectile selection than in CORSIKA for SIBYLL and bug correction for phi direction in preshower interface. Update SIBYLL to version 2.3d with corrections changing the pi0 production (and thus the number of muons (lower by few %)) and cross-section (change in Xmax smaller by few g/cm2). Change format for longitudinal energy deposit in vertical option to get correct depth values in the longitudinal profile. This may give problems in connection with some long-file reader. Update interface (compilation) with FLUKA 2020. Make the extended mass range for CONEX+EPOS optional to save memory. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7100 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Oct. 1 2019) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update of bernlohr package to version 1.60 (now ATMEXT added with IACT) correct new bug in CoREAS (from last version) update scripts for parallel running ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.7000 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Sept. 3 2019) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Correction for nuclear projectile cross-section in case of EPOS LHC, NEXUS and DPMJET : a glauber approximation was used instead of the proper cross-section. Maximum change in Xmax is for He primary (+5 to +10 g/cm2). Correct concistency for target selection in Sibyll. The simulation of radio emission from inclined showers with zenith angles >70° has been improved in CoREAS, both regarding precision and performance using pre-tabulated refractive index profiles. Correct bug for upward going showers (possible infinite loop) Add text in MPI protocole when program stops Forbid FIXCHI with COASTUSERLIB to avoid confusion in slant depth definition Add possibility to use one of the thinning mode from MULTITHIN in COASTUSERLIB instead of unthinned particles Correct the elasticity calculation in SIBYLL and EPOS/NEXUS (was >1 for nuclei). Correct RUNH position 93 (NSHOW number) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6900 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (June 29 2019) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New web page for download the corsika package is now https://web.ikp.kit.edu/corsika/download/ with password protection. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6900 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Feb. 02 2019) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update bernlohr package to version 1.59 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6900 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Dec. 20 2018) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update bernlohr package to version 1.56 Enable reading for atmabs.dat, quanteff.dat and mirreff.dat tables for larger wavelength band by new keyword CWAVRANG. add the possibilty to run heavy nuclear in CONEX+EPOS combination up to a mass A=250 improved utility scripts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6400 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Aug. 14 2018 not rel.) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update bernlohr package to version 1.55 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6400 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Mar. 1 2018 not rel.) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update bernlohr package to version 1.54 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6400 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Dec. 21 2017) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONEX version 6.400 with new correction on energy deposit new DPMJETIII available but only upon request to the authors () Update bernlohr package to version 1.52 Update on Gdas tools Update scripts to run CORSIKA in parallel mode Small bug fixes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.6300 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (Sept. 21 2017) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3c, VrENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now some of rare decays leading to mu+mu--pairs are added: omega ----> mu+ + mu- + pi(o) (BR=1.3e-4) (RESDEC) omega ----> mu+ + mu- (BR=9.0e-5) (RESDEC) eta ----> mu+ + mu- (BR=5.8e-6) (ETADEC) The decays include the muon polarizations. The PHI vector meson is produced in full analogy with the omega meson. The intensity of the vector mesons rho(0) : omega : Phi is assumed to 9 : 0.6 : 0.4 The decay of the Phi meson including rare decays leading to mu+mu- pairs is performed in subroutine RESDEC. DPMJET temporarily not available (next release). Updated version of Sibyll 2.3c with new keyword SIBCHM to switch on/off charm production and corrected forward spectra. New keyword ATMFILE to read GDAS based atmospheric parameters and refrative index table for radio calculations. New CONEX version 6.200 with corrected energy loss ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.5700 (coupled with EPOS-LHC, (June 2 2017) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Technical release to correct some important bugs in the CONEX option (since 7.5601) and in radio simulation (CoREAS) improve file management with MPI parallel run (incl. CoREAS) DPMJET temporarily not available. New baack directory containing some advanced options to run corsika (see user guide). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.5602 (coupled with DPMJET-3.0, EPOS-LHC, ( ) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the THIN option with the CERFIL keyword in combination with the CEFFIC or the CERWLEN option the wavelength (instead of the weight) may be demanded. Modifications in Cherenkov option allow to use telescopes without IACT option. The output of each telescope may be written in separate CERnnnnnn-teliii files (rsp. DATnnnnnn.cher-teliii for MCERFI >= 3) where iii gives the telescope ID. Correction of EDEP1 to avoid spikes in the longitudinal energy deposit distribution. Also negative contents in the last energy deposit bin are repalced by zeros. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.5601 (coupled with DPMJET-3.0, EPOS-LHC, (January 17, 2017) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Coupling with updated DPMJET3.0 in connection with PHOJET1.12 and PYTHIA6.427 (all files made available by A. Fedynitch). Update bernlohr package to version 1.50 RIGIDITY rejection of low-energy primaries dependent on the primary zenith and azimuth angles (for GRAPES experiment at Ooty, India) In the EFIELD option the electric field acts now - besides on electrons and positrons - also on the muonic and hadronic particles. In the CERLDE subroutine a bug is corrected which happens only in the combination of options CURVED&&SLANT. Slant depth calculation in function THCKSI improved by increasing the number of points (from 500 to 8000) for interpolation between slant path bins. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.5600 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Aug. 2016) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Remove bug which affects unexpectedly the x and y coordinates of resonances when its starting and end point in the SLANT longitudinal distribution are determined. This bug was only for simulations with SLANT and CURVED and longitudinal calculation active, It had minor impact except with the new Sibyll 2.3 for which resonances are decayed in CORSIKA. Improve link between CORSIKA and CONEX for longitudinal profile. Correct energy deposit calculation to avoid negativ energy deposit in longitudinal profile. Various small corrections and cosmetics. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.5000 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Feb. 2016) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.3, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.521) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Coupling with Sibyll 2.3rc4a.f of F. Riehn, which includes charm production. Can be used without CHARM option rsp. with CHARM option. Needs updates in routines/functions BOX2, PYTSTO, and all corsika-sibyll link routines (SIBDAT, SIBINI, SIBLNK, SIBSIG, SIBSTR, SIGNUC_INI2, S_RNDM). Update bernlohr package to bernlohr-1.49. Additional modification for herwig6521.f needed to avoid identical subroutine names UPINIT and UPEVNT with PYTHIA routines. HERWIG code is now included in CORSIKA package High energy photonuclear reactions done with rho0 projectile for EPOS and SIBYLL. Changed default value for ELMFLG/FEGS = .true. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4950 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (not released Nov. 2015) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduce new generation counter including EM interactions. Done always but full information available only with EHISTORY option. Now without EHISTORY generation counter saturates at 99 indicating that EM particles come from muon decay. Various bug corrections. Improve range calculation in CURVED+UPWARD+NEUTRINO for neutrinos which are produced with skimming incidence to reach the border of the atmosphere in any direction. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4770 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (not released June 2015) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rare decay rho(0) ---> mu(+) + mu(-) (B.R. = 4.5E-5) has been added to the subroutine RHO0DC which is now called also from RESDEC. Rare decay K0s ---> pi(+-) + mu(-+) + (anti)nu_mu is added to get the high-energy muons and muon neutrinos steming from this decay. New options ICECUBE1 and ICECUBE2 to meet the requirements of the IceCube experiment. ICECUBE1 treats the stack of secondary particles (which usually handles LIFO) differently in FIFO mode which enables to shorten a shower if only low-energy particles are in the stack which are no longer interesting for the production of high-energy neutrinos. The threshold energy is defined by the keyword EINTER (interesting energy). This may shorten the simulation time considerably. ICECUBE2 offers two modes how to handle the particle data output file: With the keyword COMPRESS the output file is compressed by the gzip procedure. With the keyword PIPE the output file is written into a buffer which is on-line used as input for a detector Monte Carlo program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4005 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released March 2, 2015) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Correct serious bug (in case of TMARGIN.eq.T) as the position and time coordinates of primary must be reset at beginning of each shower in the shower loop. Introduce new keyword NUADDI to give additional info on neutrinos. Introduce new keyword CORECUT to discard particles arriving close to the core from output; it works with and without thinning and should be used to reduce size of particle output data file. Introduce new MULTITHIN and AUGERHIT options. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4004 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Dec. 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update mpi_runner.c Eliminate bug in the angle of the additional muon at its origin in the CURVED option. Improve BOX2 to give correct transport path for neutrinos also for CURVED & UPWARD. Include new rare decay mode (eta --> mu+ + mu- + gamma) which is an additional channel for high-energy muons > 100 TeV. Introduce more option details in binary file name. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4003 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Oct. 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Correct bug in tobuf.c . Update BERNLOHR package to version 1.48. Update mpi_runner.c and remove incompatible compilation flag for Mac. Eliminate bug: reset shower start time for CURVED option. Various other bug corrections and improvements. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4002 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Oct. 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug affecting hadron energy deposit with THIN option add an example in COAST to compile with COAST_USER_LIB ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4001 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released July 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug affecting the additional muon information with MUADDI (especially in combination with THIN) has been eliminated, partial reprogramming of routine MUNUCL was necessary. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.44xx (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (not released Sept 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Include rare decay K^0_S ---> PI(+-) + e(-+) + (anti)NU_e in subroutine KDECAY as it contributes significantly to flux of high-energy neutrinos, see T. Gaisser & S. Klein, arXiv 1409.4924 (2014). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4356 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (not released Feb. 2014) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update bernlohr package to bernlohr-1.48. New option MULTITHIN which simulates unthinned showers, but gives to each output particle up to 6 weights for 6 different thinning modes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4001 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (not released Oct. 2013) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New option AUGERHIT which suppresses all output particles falling not in close neighbourhood of Auger detectors or are in close neighbourhood of the shower axis. This reduces the particle output file size by up to factor 500. Eliminate bug in combination NEUTRINO with CURVED by improved calculation of the neutrino range (subr. BOX2). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.4000 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Sept. 2013) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New option MUONHIST to produce histograms for all muons produced in the shower. Add COAST (incl CoREAS) in CORSIKA distribution compiled as static library. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.3700 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released April 2013) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01D, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New keyword NUSLCT to select the type of first interaction (CC or NC) of primary neutrinos. Correction of inconsistencies in CONEX. Extend the cascade equations down to the lowest possible energies. Correct QGSJET-II-04 to treat A-p collisions correctly. Update of PRESHOWER option to preshower2.0-rev version with much faster algorithm to localize interaction altitude. Correct small inconsistencies in vector meson production. Update of utility and parallel programs/procedures for more comfortable handling. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.3695 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS 1.99, (released April 2013) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-03, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Same as 7.3700 but with EPOS 1.99 and QGSJETII-03. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.3500 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-LHC, (released Dec 2012) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CORSIKA and CONEX for EPOS-LHC, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1 high energy hadronic models. EPOS LHC (v3400) and QGSJETII-04 are models compatible with LHC data (retune to TOTEM cross-section and more). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 7.3495 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (Dec 2012) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Include CONEX for EPOS-199, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1 high energy hadronic models and all low energy models. Include PARALLEL option including MPI interface and shell script examples. Improve hadronic model stability and correct bug for inclined shower (crash sometimes). Remove STACEE option. Use C language to write binary file and avoid m32 or m64 format problems without COAST. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.99x (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (Dec 2012) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Improve calculation of the vectormeson fraction in photonuclear interactions by respecting processes leading to excited target nuclei. New option MUPROD to get informatin about muons which decay before reaching ground. MUPROD might be combined with EHISTORY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.99x (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (March 2012) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.511) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ EFIELD option to enable simulations in the presence of electro- static fields in the atmosphere. TRAJECT option to follow an astrophysical object on the sky by correlated selection of zenith and azimuth angles. Adapt FLUKA link routines to new FLUKA2011.2 by replacing MEDIUM() with MEDFLK(,) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.99x (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (Oct. 2011) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Improved Cerenkov emission of primary nucleus before the first interaction by appropriate chopping the transport path. Gives additional information on history of em-particles by keyword EMADDI. Monthly Malargue Atmospheres available derived from GDAS data. Take more precise Cherenkov emission angle (Subroutine UPDATE). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.990 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (August 2011) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Various bug corrections affecting the stability of the code (no change in results). Change CURVOUT keyword default to T to be closer to reality. In case of CURVED the definition of X and Y in DAT file has been changed to be able to calculate the real coordinates on a curved observation level and to be correct has a first approximation on a cartesian frame if used directly (close to the core). See User Guide for the keyword CURVOUT for more details. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.981 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (July 2011) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Various bug corrections affecting the CURVED option. Add CURVOUT option to replace FLATOUT and use F (=FLATOUT T) as default because for CURVOUT F the coordinates X and Y as to be used in a different way compared to before (see User Guide). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.980 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (April 2011) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2011, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update link to FLUKA to be compatible with FLUKA 20011.2 (not compatible anymore with FLUKA 2008 !) Update to IGRF11 Update EHISTORY option to get mother and grand-mother hadrons of electromagnetic particles and with THIN option Update to use inclined observer plane using COAST Bernlohr package 1.44 Various small bug corrections ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.971 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (April 2011) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug correction concerning simulations with VENUS or EPOS with a nucleus as projectile ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.970 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (July 2010) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New option TAULEP added which enables treatment of tau leptons with all interaction codes, the decay of tau leptons is handled with the PYTHIA package. Updated DPMJET II.55 package to avoid hungup at high energies (negative square root). Added new DATDIR steering card feature. It can be used to point CORSIKA to the directory where all input data tables are stored. Bernlohr package 1.43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.960 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (March 2010) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction of new subroutine MUPAIR to treat the production of mu+mu- pairs with correct form factors, which increases the cross section for gamma ---> mu+mu- by about a factor 2. In the formation the angles theta between incoming gamma direction and outgoing muons come out considerably larger (factor 2 to 5). New data sets EGSDAT6... are needed for the new MUPAIR routine. New FLATOUT option with CURVED to save particles on curved Earth surface. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.950 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (May 2009) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction of new option EHISTORY to write out grandmother and mother particle parameters of muons using the MUADDI key word. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.900 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-199, (released April 2009) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Replacement of EPOS-161 by EPOS 199 and Bernlohr package 1.35 by 1.41 (IACT) New installation tool "coconut" to replace ./corsika-install (proper use of GNU autotools) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.760 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (Oct. 2008) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2008, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction of new option CHARM to explicitely treat charmed hadrons produced in QGSJET01c or in DPMJET-II.55; for combining CHARM with QGSJET01c a link of the PYTHIA package is necessary. Also tau leptons and tau-neutrinos may be treated with this option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.735 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (released Jun 2008) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug correction in STACKIN with maximum weight (not effective in previous version) Small bug for horizontal showers with UPWARD (not sarting) and in definition of EVTH(8) and EVTH(9) with CURVED Problem with cross section of light fragments produced by FLUKA solved Correction of ARRANG definition Correction for installation with pgf77 (many thanks to all the users who kindly help us to detect this bugs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.720 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (released Jan 2007) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug correction in SIBYLL initialization (direct crash) Bug correction for rare crash with EPOS (no change in results) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.710 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (released Nov 2007) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Various bug corrections (especially for UPWARD going shower, no problem if running, but leads to crash). Updated link to COAST. New Hadronic Generation counter. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.616 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (released Jun 2007) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug in energy deposition (hadron/neutrino part) corrected (only without THIN option and small correction for usual threshold of hadronic particles) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.611 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-161, (released May 2007) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tiny bug correction in STACKIN+SLANT options and for Tau neutrinos with DPMJET. update of EPOS to improve stability (no change in results from 1.60 to 1.61 (to be called version 1.6)). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.600 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-160, (released Apr 2007) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Official version of EPOS(1.6) fully coupled to CORSIKA (bug corrected in NEXUS/EPOS linked for charge conservation). Bug in SLANT eliminated to get correct ANAHIST histograms. Modifications in muon interactions (pair production accelerated) and ionization energy loss (including density effect) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.535 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, EPOS-135, (not released Nov 2006) NEXUS-397, QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2006, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Preliminary version of EPOS(1.35) fully coupled to CORSIKA (including documentation). Debug output of UrQMD commented off. New version of FLUKA (2006.3) can be linked (still compatible with FLUKA 2005.6) Bug in SLANT eliminated to get energy balance of last SLANT bin correctly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.517 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (not released Juli 2006) QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5,FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Partial reprogramming of SLANT for correct combination with CURVED and UPWARD and CURVED&UPWARD including skimming incidence. Energy deposit of pi+-, K+- and K^0 now distributed over hadronic deposit and neutrino deposit. HERWIG coupling for NUPRIM modified according with O. Pisanti. Also transport of neutrinos in UPDATC improved. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.501 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (released June 20, 2006) QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5,FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bug in SIBYLL coupling (missing transverse momentum in hadron-induced collision) eliminated. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.500 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (released March 6, 2006) QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5,FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Official release v6.500 (SVN repository 100). Large improvements have been made in CURVED+UPWARD options to make them much more reliable and stable. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.497 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (not released Feb 2006) QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5,FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A time limit is introduced (keyword TIMLIM) in the CURVED version to cut away particles to be scattered around and consuming unnecessary computing time. The argument of TIMLIM is the distance the particle may be followed downstream before being cutted. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.450 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (not released Feb 2006) QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-3, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5,FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Several smaller improvements have been made in the combination of the options CURVED with UPWARD within routines UPDATC and UPDATE to avoid that particles run out of the atmospheric region. The angle addition routines ADDANG3 and ADDANG4 have been improved by a fast renormalization to avoid that the direction cosines become unnormalized (otherwise their square sum becomes > 1 and causes unpredictable errors). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.400 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-397, (not released Dec 2005)QGSJET01C, QGSJET-II-2, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2005.6, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3cors, HERWIG6.510) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New installation process without CMZ (GNU-like). CMZ is not needed any more. A shell script "corsika-install" is used to properly call ./configure to install the binary file of CORSIKA in the run/ subdirectory. CURVED and UPWARD options can now be used together allowing any zenith angle also for hadrons. The new ROOTOUT option is available and distributed with the COAST package to get the CORSIKA output in a .root file. The new PLOTSH2 option allows to visualize air showers with .png files (thanks to the C-program "map2png"). The new CERWLEN option includes the wavelength dependent generation of Cherenkov photons and respects their wavelength dependent refraction within the atmosphere. FLUKA 2005.6 is now linked to CORSIKA. QGSJET-II(-03) and NEXUS-397 are now officially distributed with CORSIKA. Bernloehr package v1.34 included. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.328 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Nov. 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Within the routine FILOPN the statements for opening the PLOTSH files were misplaced which truncated the file names. Replacing the OPEN statements corrects this. The PLOTSH plotting of track segments of primary em-particles before the first interaction is now prohibited except for setting of TMARGIN by key word TSTART. To implement the skimming entrance of primary particles the new keyword IMPACT has been introduced. The minimal altitude of the shower with horizontal movement is selected at random with uniform distribution between HIMPACT(1) and HIMPACT(2). Within the routine INPRM the primary parameter THETAP is derived from the minimal height HIMPCT of the shower axis above sea level. For Linux CMZ installation without the default name cmcc.c for extracted C-language routines a CMZ command has been added to the deck 'make' deck to guarantee this name cmcc.c . ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.322 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Sept 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The longitudinal distribution of Cherenkov photons has been improved avoiding jumps in the distribution when the step of a charged particle is interrupted by the passage of an observation level. This implies a complet rewriting of CERLDE and eliminating CERLHA, affected are also $CEREN2 and CERENK. For the THIN option the PLOTSH output files have been extended to contain the particle weight for each track segment. The option PLOTSH2 developed at Leeds by F. Schmidt has been taken over and adapted for compatibility with all interesting other options available. Many modifications have been made to enable a combination of the options CURVED with UPWARD to cover the whole zenith angular range. Routines essentially affected are AAMAIN,COOINC,DATAC,INPRM, PRANGC,THICKC,UPDATC,UPDATE,ELECTR,HOWFAR,PHOTON. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.321 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Aug 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For em-primaries the timer was started in the curved version erroneously at the first interaction instead at the top of atmosphere. This is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.311 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, June 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002d, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the HERWIG link accidentally the random sequence # 1 was used instead of the correct one # 5. The thinning of hadronic particles coming from EGS4 is revised. Consequently their thinning is performed only in TSTEND which implies the elimination of THIN2 and a renaming of routine MPPROP to the simplified routine MUPROP. Also routine SHOWER is affected. The energy loss of charged particles by ionization is calculated more precisely taking into account the maximum transferable energy to electrons, which gives an additional term - 0.5D0 * LOG(1.D0 + 2.D0 * GAM * RATM + RATM**2) with RATM = M_elec/M_hadr ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.308 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, May 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The possibility to select the cross sections independently from the interaction model is not reasonable. Therefore the options DPMJETSIG, NEXUSSIG, QGSSIG, SIBYLLSIG, and VENUSSIG have been eliminated. The essential reason for this actions is a considerable simplification of the nesting of the CMZ optional code for easier maintenance of the program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.307 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Apr, 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The GHEISHA link routines have totally been converted to double precision in all REAL variables, so a linking with the double precision version of GHEISHA2002d is necessary. The QGSJET II-1 has been replaced by QGSJET II-2 and the QGS-link routines adapted to the more advanced version (COMMON qgarr54/qgarr55). In the case of thinning the weights of gamma-induced moun pairs, rho and omega-mesons or single pions (emerging from low-energy pion production) had been calculated too high. This bug in routine THIN2 is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.306 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Apr, 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the PRESHOWER version the arrival times of the particles had been incompatible with the altitude of the first interaction (by conversion above the atmosphere). This is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.305 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, QGSJET01C, (not released, Feb, 2005) QGSJET-II, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The updated interaction model QGSJET II-1 has been coupled with modifications of the QGSJET link routines. QGSDAT01 is replaced by qgsdat-II, SECTNU is replaced by sectnu-II. To avoid a 'floating exception' in BOX2 by converting a value of CHI > 2.E9, the size of CHI is limited to 2.e9. The treatment of muon nuclear interaction and continuous energy loss of muons by nuclear interactions is corrected. Up to now both processes have been respected simultaneously which gave a too large energy loss of the muons. Now the the hadronic cutting energy is taken as transition energy (lower rsp. upper boundary for DADMUL integration) between both processes. Affected routines are DNIELM and DNUSGM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.304 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, (not released, Jan, 2005) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The option `upward' has been extended to hadronic and muonic particles, also in combination with `slant', but not yet in combination with `curved'. Affected routines are AAMAIN, BOX2, BOX3, DATAC, INPRM, MUTRAC, PRANGE, and UPDATE. Some smaller inconsistencies in the energy balance caused by upward going particles in upward going showers (leaving the atmosphere) have been corrected in HOWFAR. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.303 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (not released, Nov, 2004) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The structure of the particle arrays CURPAR, SECPAR, PRMPAR, OBSPAR has been mofified to introduce 3 direction cosines instead of the COSTHE and PHI. The advantage is an easier handling of horizontally and upward going particles (3 directional cosines are used in the EGS portion of CORSIKA since ever). The particle identfication is now contained within CURPAR(0), the gamma factor (resp. energy) within CURPAR(1), the direction cosine in z-direction in CURPAR(2), the new direction cosines PHIX and PHY are stored in CURPAR(3) and CURPAR(4). Two new routines ADDANG3 and ADDANG4 for angle addition replace in most cases the former angle addition routine ADDANG. Therefore many minor modifications have been necessary. All masses, decay constants, branching ratios etc. have been updated according with the Particle Data Group edition 2004. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.302 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (not released, Oct, 2004) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3c, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The electronuclear interaction has been added to the EGS routines. This effects essentially the routine ELECTR and some commons. A new routine ELNUCL treats this interaction. The cross section and branching ratio files EGSDAT are renamed to EGSDAT5_x.x to make the difference in the data structure visible in the name. The updated low-energy interaction program UrQMD 1.3c is now linked. This update improves the CPU time by a factor 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Starting from version 6200, most of the improvements up to version 63xx have been taken over as soon as they became known. ======================================================================== For the THIN option the PLOTSH output files have been extended to contain the particle weight for each track segment. Within the routine FILOPN the statements for opening the PLOTSH files were misplaced which truncated the file names. Replacing the OPEN statements corrects this. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.204 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (released, June.15, 2005) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the combination of options PRESHOWER and CURVED the azimuth angle PHI was not set correctly for the primary momenta component calculation to be used in the eventheaders EVTH(8), EVTH(9) and EVTH(12). In the HERWIG link accidentally the random sequence # 1 was used instead of the correct one # 5. To ensure a correct linking of CORSIKA with qgsjet01c.f the name of the subroutine PSASET has been modified into PSASETC in corsika6204 as well as in qgsjet01.c. This avoids an accidental combination of corsika6204 (unpacked for qgsjet01c.f) with the older qgsjet01.f which works without crash, but delivers strange results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.203 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (released, Apr.19, 2005) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the case of thinning the weights of gamma-induced moun pairs, rho and omega-mesons or single pions (emerging from low-energy pion production) had been calculated too high. This bug in routine THIN2 is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.202 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (released, Apr.04, 2005) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the PRESHOER version the arrival times of the particles had been incompatible with the altitude of the first interaction (by conversion above the atmosphere). This is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.201 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-02/03, (released, Mar.22, 2005) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG_6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Some smaller inconsistencies in the energy balance caused by upward going particles in upward going showers (leaving the atmosphere) have been corrected in HOWFAR. The treatment of muon nuclear interaction and continuous energy loss of muons by nuclear interactions is corrected. Up to now both processes have been respected simultaneously which gave a too large energy loss of the muons. Now the the hadronic cutting energy is taken as transition energy (lower rsp. upper boundary for DADMUL integration) between both processes. Affected routines are DNIELM and DNUSGM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.200 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, (released, Oct. 06, 2004) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A bug in the SLANT option has been eliminated by modification of function THCKSI to guarantee a value within the allowed range 0 =< THCKSI =< TSLANT(IENDT). The interactiontest is extended to get a 2-dim histogram for P_t vs. rapidity to verify experimental p_t data. The initialization LNGHSTINI of the longitudinal histograms in the ANAHIST version is now separated form the filling routine LONGIHIST. The link routines of DPMJET, QGSHET, SIBYLL and VENUS have been modified in a manner to suppress diffractive events in the case of photonuclear interaction. A corresponding modification of NEXUS-link is not possible as the diffraction is permanent in NEXUS. In HDPM the diffraction is anyway switched off for photo-nuclear interactions. The high-energy extrapolation of the photonuclear cross sections has been modified, replacing the old Gaisser(1985) parametrization by the recent Cudell parametrization (given by the Particle Data Group). This affects only the data sets EGSDAT, which are now renamed to EGSDAT4_x.x . ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.182 (coupled with DPMJET-II.55, NEXUS-03, (not released, July 2004) QGSJET01C, SIBYLL-2.1, VENUS4.12/5, FLUKA2002, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1.3, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The UrQMD link has been totally renewed and simplified. It is now adapted to the UrQMD version 1.3. The longitudinal particle distribution has been extended to get the distributions for a series of hadronic particle species separately (nucleon, charged nucleon, uncharged nucleon, charged pion, charged Kaon, K0l, K0s, neutral Kaon). A clean-up of the Auger histograming routines has been made to eliminate unnecessary calculations. The size of some histograms is reduced to reasonable values, some new histograms (releasable energy vs. dist.) are defined. The new particle longitudinal distributions are also available as histograms. A list of the used histograms is now printed in the standard output. The linking of the PRESHOWER routines is improved to enable their use in combination with CURVED and/or SLANT. The PRESHOWER routines have been modified to get rid of routines from 'Numerical Recepies'. The Bessel function is now a specialized version of CERN mathlib routine DBSKA. Erroneously in the PRESHOWER option the EVTH block was not written to the output particle file. This is now cured. The energy cut ELCUT(4) up to now exclusively used for gammas is now used also for the pi(0) energy cut. In the CERENKOV+CURVED option a serious bug concerning the refractive time correction in the last altitude bin has been eliminated. For easier maintenance the arrays DISTEF and TOF have been redefined with shifted indices (now starting at 0). In the upward version without setting FIXHEI the number of longitudinal steps always was set to reach sea level. This is now corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.176 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Feb 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01C, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The continuous energy loss by muon nuclear interaction is now added according to Bottai & Perrone, which needs changements within MUPINI and adding the routines DNIELM and VPHL. The muon interaction routines MUBREM, MUPRPR, and MUNUCL are now improved in so far as after a very long muon transport step (occurring at very inclined showers) the cross section is checked again, and the interaction is skipped eventually. In the calculation of the energy deposit of deuterons, tritons and alpha particles within subroutine CGHEI the rest mass was taken with a faulty particle identifier. This is now corrected. If a muon undergoes nuclear interaction the remaining muon with reduced energy was not written correctly to stack and therefore lost. This is now cured. The name conventions of the PLOTSH output files has been changed to DATnnnnnn.track_em, DATnnnnnn.track_mu, and DATnnnnnn.track_hd, which are written to the directory specified by DIRECT. Some COMMON arrays of QGSJET have been enlarged to get the correct high multiplicity of Fe-air collisions without limitations by array sizes even at 10^20 eV. The modified qgsjet is renamed to qgsjet01c.f. In the make file for the CMZ-selection a suitable option is provided to get the modifications in the qgsjet link routines with the enlarged COMMON block AREA14. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.175 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Jan 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A severe bug has been detected: The modified Bottai&Perrone routines treating the muon interactions (bremsstrahlung, pair production and nuclear interactions) give the cross sections in barn, while the CORSIKA routine BOX2 needs it in millibarn. The more frequent treatment of muonic interactions may lead to endless rejection loops within the routines MUBREM, MUPRPR and MUNYUCL. This is now prevented/controlled by rejection loop counters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.173 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Jan 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A new option STACKIN has been implemented. By reading in the parameters (type, energy, momenta) of secondary particles emerging from an interaction of any exotic primary the resulting shower is simulated. The altitude of this interaction has to be specified by FIXHEI. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.172 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Dec 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A new option SLANT is introduced which enables the production of longitudinal distributions at slant depth (replacing the vertical depth distributions of the standard case). This needs some new subroutines and functions: DGAUSS, PATHSI, RHOSL, THCKSI, THCKSL. In a first the option SLANT cannot yet combined with option UPWARD. Some smaller inconsistencies (negative rest mass for antinucleons, etc. ..) have been corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.163 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Oct 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The finalized preshower C-routines are now available in the patch PRESHOWER together with the IGRF Fortran routine to calculate the magnetic dipole field of the Earth. Smaller modifications have been applied to subroutine PRESHO for a correct linking of these routines. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.162 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, Sept 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A serious bug in the constants used within the LPM routine LPMEFFECT has been corrected. For gamma-induced showers this lowers the onset energy by about the factor 2. The upward option within the EGS routines has been extended to enable a combination of upward with curved. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.156 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, July 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Erroneously the energy deposited at the detector level by electrons and photons was counted twice (within ELECTR/PHOTON and additionally within OUTPT1). This is now corrected. The FLUKA link routines have been extended to include the include files of the Linux version with the correct name which is included in brackets. The make file respects now the Linux version. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.155 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, July 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Five new atmosphere parametrizations have been implemented: Four for different seasons at Malargue, Argentina (Pierre Auger Observatory), and one as a new parametrizations of the U.S. standard atmosphere, all parametrized by B. Keilhauer. Small inconsistencies in the FLUKA link have been removed. The unallowed leading tilde in a dataset name is now checked. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.154 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, June 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1, HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The treatment of muonic interactions has been completely revised by adapting the routines of Bottai and Perrone to the CORSIKA program. New or significantly changed routines comprise: CBRSGM, CDEDXM, CNUSGM, CPRSGM, DADMUL, DBRELM, DBRSGM, DGQUAD, DKOKOE, DKOKOI, DKOKOS, DNUSGM, DPRELM, DPRSGM, MUBREM, MUNUCL, MUPINI, MUPRPR, PPCE, PPCS, VBSE, VBSS, and VPHM. Major changes concern the cross-sections at muon energies exceeding 100 TeV, the sampling of muon-produced e+e- pairs, and the muon nuclear interactions. The latter makes use of the EGS routines PIGNE, PIGEN1, PIGEN2 ... Therefore now always two seeds have to be usd. To initialize the EGS-parameters without reading the EGSDAT file the EGSINI routine is split into EGSIN1 (setting the parameters) and EGSIN2 (reading EGSDAT file). The energy loss of muons by Bremsstrahlung and pair production below the energy cut is now included in PRANGC, PRANGE, and UPDATE. Using the FLUKA option to avoid confusions when starting several jobs at a time from the same directory, the FLUKA output files (fort.11 and fort.15) may now be redirected to /dev/null or to files called DATnnnnnn.flout and DATnnnnnn.flerr to be written to the same directory as the particle output file. This redirection is steered by the keyword FLUDBG. This required a separation of the OPEN statements from the subroutine INPRM into a new routine FILOPN, which is called from START after reading the NUCNUCCS cross sections. To enable the correct treatment at the highest energies above 10^20 eV with extreme high secondary particle numbers some array dimensions should be enlarged. Index overflow of those arrays is now controlled (error stop), the arrays easily may be redimensioned by modifying the parameters for defining the array sizes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.150 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, May 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA2002, URQMD_1,HERWIG6.400) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A new option NUPRIM is added to treat primary neutrinos. The first interaction is treated with HERWIG, which must be coupled for this purpose. This implied a renaming of CORINC into COOINC. The new random generator has been improved at those routines where only single precision random numbers are used (to prevent random numbers becoming 0. or 1.). Consequently the name has been changed to RMMARD. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.146 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, March 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A new random generator RMMARD with ENTRY RMMAQD is now used throughout within CORSIKA and the coupled interaction models. This generator combines the multi-sequences of RMMAR with the double precision feature of RM48. Tests revealed bit-identical sequences for RMMARD and RM48. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.145 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-03, (not released, March 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The linking of FLUKA has been improved taking advantage of the Fluka built-in direction cosines to reduce the computing times. Modified neXuslink to fit with neXus3. The PNLL has been corrected in NEXLNK and VENLNK (missing beta in the formulas). The PLOTSH output files are refined including now the time at begin and end of each tracing segment. Therefore the parameter sequence in the PLOTSH output files is modified. To adapt to various combinations of high- with low-energy hadronic interaction models, the parameter HILOW may be set also for the standard CORSIKA version. The erroneous clipping of the specific energy loss of electrons at energies below 300 keV has been eliminated. The reset of STACKINT is now performed before entering the shower loop to avoid unnecessary computing times. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.142 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (not released, Dec. 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, FLUKA, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ By some correction patches (obtained by R. E. Cassell and G. Bower, SLAC) the energy conservation of GHEISHA has been improved considerably. The corrected version of GHEISHA is now called GHEISHA2002. Thanks to G. Battistoni and A. Ferrari (INFN, Milan) linking routines to the low energy hadronic interaction routines of FLUKA could be established. A link with the object code library of FLUKA is necessary when using the FLUKA routines in combination with CORSIKA. Because of duplicate names all CORSIKA commons have been renamed by adding a "CR" at the beginning of each CORSIKA common name. Also the names of some constants have been changed slightly. For UrQMD the coupling of K-induced interactions has been improved taking into account the mixing of K(0) and K(0)bar to K(0)s and K(0)L. The target selection within GHEISHA has been improved to enable the targets (p, 14N, 16O, 40Ar, 99air) in the INTERACTEST option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.138 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (not released, Aug. 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A new CMZ option AUGERHIST is added, which enables the generation of histograms along the shower development at 20 observation level for various particle species. The tables for energy deposit have been disentangled to get separately the energy deposed because of energy cut and that because of angular cut and a Gaisser-Hillas fit to the ionization energy deposit is performed additionally. A new CMZ option UPWARD is added, which enables the transport of em-particles in upward direction, i.e. no angular cut is applied. This new option should not (yet) be combined with CURVED. A new CMZ option ANAHIST is added, which enables the production of histograms for a standard analysis without producing the particle output file (by using PAROUT f x) thus saving disk space. A new CMZ option PRESHOWER is added calling a C-routine package of P. Homola (Uni Krakow) which simulates the generation of a gamma induced preshower within the Earth's magnetic filed well above the margin of the atmosphere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.017 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (not released, Sept., 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To get better numerical stability throughout the program the calculation of trigonometric functions sin = sqrt(1-cos**2) is mostly replaced by sin = sqrt( (1+cos)*(1-cos) ). Similar replacements have been made for analogue expressions. To extend CORSIKA to charmed particles the particle codes of charmed mesons and baryons have been defined together with tau and tau-neutrinos in close analogy with the particle codes used in DPMJET. Decay times are now collected within the table DECTIM and all masses, charges and life times are initialized in subroutine PAMAF. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Starting from version 6016, most of the improvements up to version 6031 have been taken over as soon as they became known. ======================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.032 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, July 09, 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the CERENKOV+CURVED option a serious bug concerning the refractive time correction in the last altitude bin has been eliminated. For easier maintenance the arrays DISTEF and TOF have been redefined with shifted indices (now starting at 0). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.031 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, February 09, 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The more frequent treatment of muonic interaction may lead to endless loops within the routines MUBREM and MUPRPR. This is now prevented. In the calculation of the energy deposit of deuterons, tritons and alpha particles within subroutine CGHEI the rest mass was taken with a faulty particle identifier. This is now corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.030 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, January 21, 2004) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A severe bug has been detected: The routines SIGBRM and SIGPRM for the muon interaction cross sections (bremsstrahlung, pair production and nuclear interactions) give the cross sections in barn, while the CORSIKA routine BOX2 needs it in millibarn. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.023 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, October 24, 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the curved version the arrival time started not as intented at the margin of the atmosphere. This inconsistency is now corrected. Some smaller inconsistencies (negative rest mass for antinucleons, etc. ..) have been corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.022 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, September 04, 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A serious bug in the constants used within the LPM routine LPMEFFECT has been corrected. For gamma-induced showers this lowers the onset energy by about the factor 2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.021 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, July 28, 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Erroneously the energy deposited at the detector level by electrons and photons was counted twice (within ELECTR/PHOTON and additionally within OUTPT1). This is now corrected. The unallowed leading tilde in a dataset name is now checked. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.020 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, March 24, 2003) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_2002, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The erroneous clipping of the specific energy loss of electrons at energies below 300 keV has been eliminated. The reset of STACKINT is now performed before entering the shower loop to avoid unnecessary computing times. In subroutine VAPOR the sometimes occurring residual nucleus of a di-neutron is now treated as two neutrons. For vertical showers simulated with the CURVED option a 'divide by zero' could occur within function NRANGC. This is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.019 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, December18, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the case an em-particle is the primary and penetrates through the total atmosphere without interaction, no eventheader is written to the particle file. This is now corrected. In the subroutine CERENK with the CURVED option the quantity ETA1 is used without being initialized, which finally causes wrong parameters of the Cherenkov output photons. This bug is now fixed. Using CURVED in combination with the ATMEXT option the routines PRANGC, NRANGC, and THICKC employed different atmospheric parametrizations at the same time in mixed mode, which gave incorrect longitudinal distributions of hadrons, muons and electrons. To prevent this in the ATMEXT option in combination with CURVED now parameters AATM, BATM, CATM are fitted to the external atmospheric tables and used further on in the program, disabling the ATMEXT option after the fitting procedure. For vertical showers simulated with the CURVED option a 'divide by zero' could occur within function THICKC. This is now cured. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.018 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, October 1, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The function FINDTH which selects the azimuthal angle in the VOLUMECORR version has been revised by its author. Possible hang-ups in ELECTR and PHOTON in the CURVED version have been eliminated by limiting the step size when approaching the detector. In the CURVED version particles with pathes ending above the detector height in the local frame but below the detector plane in the detector frame are now brought to output (UPDATC). In case of radial thinning the counting of particles in the EVTE(3) ... EVTE(6) does not take into account the radial thinning. This is now improved by adding EVTE(263) ... EVTE(266) which give this information including the radial thinning. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (released, September 10, 2002) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the curved option the height of the first interaction as given in the event header EVTH(7) was not calculated very precisely (with deviations up to some kilometers for very inclined showers), which resulted in unwanted time shifts, if the particle arrival times should be given relative to the arrival of speed of light on shower axis. (The time differences among the particles came out correctly.) By a new programming of the function THICKC this inconsistency is now eliminated. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.016 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, June 19, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A revised version of the bernlohr package (version 1.16) has been implemented (June 5, 2002). In the CURVED version the range estimation of particles has been improved to get a correct fictive arrival point even below the observation level (routines NRANGC and PRANGC). Particles below the detector plane are brought consequently to output. Also the last bins of the longitudinal particle output are now filled correctly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.015 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, April 29, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The inconsistency in the printout of 'AVERAGE HEIGHT OF 1ST INT' (which gave for hadronic primaries the slant depth instead of the vertical depth) has been eliminated. The occasional occurrence of QGSJET interactions producing no secondaries and thus violating the energy balance is eliminated by resimulating those events (changements within QGSLNK and QGSTOR). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.014 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, March 5, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An inconsistency in the treatment how the energy deposit of particles going below the energy cut is handled has been eliminated. This needs changements in routine UPDATE and all routines which call this routine. A serious bug in the muon tracking of the CURVED version has been eliminated. Dependent on the zenith angle this error caused an enlargement of the number of muons arriving at ground by 20%. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.012 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Feb. 07, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Erroneously in the CURVED version the Earth's magnetic field is not switched on for hadrons and muons, while the electrons are tracked correctly. This bug is now fixed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.011 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Jan. 29, 2002) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To get a more continuous distribution at small electron/positron energies in the pair formation, a sampling procedure has been changed within routine PAIR (rsp. PAIRLPM). An error in filling the dbase file 'model+crossect' with interaction model sibyll is eliminated. An error resulting in incorrect tracking of muons which do not reach an observation level, but produce Cherenkov radiation and cross an atmospheric layer boundary, is eliminated. The error affects only the longitudinal energy deposits. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.010 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Dec. 20, 2001) SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01,DPMJET-II.55, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An inconsistency in the Sternheimer correction has been detected when using EGSDATA sets ranging down to energies below 3 MeV. Depending on the data set a correction term 'sterncor' has to be subtracted to get the saturation of DEDX correctly as function of energy and air pressure. ----- CORSIKA 6006 ---- To meet the requirements of the condensed output format of the STACEE experiment the CMZ option STACEE has been introduced, which needs the combination with CERENKOV, THIN, and CEFFIC. Minor changes in DPMJET shortened the longitudinal shower development significantly. The changements concern the CORSIKA linking routines, the packages dpmjet251.f (now dpmjet255.f) and dpmjet252.f (now dpmjet256.f). To express this changements, the new version got the numbering DPMJET II.55. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.005 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Sept. 3, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A revised version 1.10 of the bernlohr package has been made available by K. Bernloehr. The physics and programming did not change, while the documentation and `make' files are updated. Because of serious problems (producing NaN for the particle coordinates) with GNU compilers and egcs-2.91.66 compilers using compiler optimization, the transport of charged particle through a magnetic field has been reprogrammed. This affected the calculation of the quantities U12, V12, W12, U22, V22, W22 in subroutine UPDATE and the quantities U(NP), V(NP), W(NP) in subroutine ELECTR. Some smaller inconsistencies in the scattering of Cherenkov Telescopes are improved, including the Bernloehr package. In the THIN version the occasional exceeding of weight limitation by particles emerging from routine PIGEN2 has been prohibited by reprogramming PIGEN2 and introducing a new routine PIPROP (which acts rather analogously with MPPROP). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.004 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, May 14, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An error in calculating the energy deposit of em-particles into the last bin of the longitudinal distribution has been removed. This affects also the energy balance. Unused portions at the end of the output RUNH and EVTH blocks in the THIN version are filled with zero's. The different development of electron-induced sub-showers in the NKG-treatment is now respected by adding 0.6 rad. length in elongation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.003 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, April 25, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To enable an individual scattering of the shower axis across a Cherenkov array for each shower within a run, the calling of the quasi-random generator is moved from INPRM to AAMAIN. Also the scattering depends now on the random seed of the Cherenkov option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.003 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, March 21, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Constants for branching ratios and Dalitz plots have been checked and updated according with the most recent Particle Data Group publication The European Physics Journal C15 (2000). Bug fixed: For atmospheric model MODATM=10 the BATMi values are now taken over correctly. Check of input file: The maximum run number is now checked to prevent uncontrolled write to files with undefined names. Tabulators used as separators are replaced by `blank'. The debug-diagnostics of input file is improved (DEBUG-statements in the DTC... routines). Elimination of bug in the EGS-reject mechanism of low energy subshowers starting at high altitude. (This error did not affect simulations with CERENKOV, THIN, PLOTSH options, or with LONGItudinal development selected.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.002 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Jan. 25, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New keyword THINH to specify conveniently thinning energy fraction and weight limit for hadronic particles differing from the em-ones. Radial thinning is now according (r/rmax)^4. Hangup (divide by zero) of DPMJET25 corrected (dpmjet252.f). Glauber-table GLAUBTAR.DAT improved for individual nuclear radii. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.001 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Jan. 8, 2001) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reading of CERQEF modified according with User's Guide. Error corrections: Larger portion of routine urqhou (UrQMD-link) was missing. Error correction: Write-out of fit to longitudinal distribution now enabled for all showers and not only for those with FPRINT enabled. Error correction: Adapt of `cmz_extract' file in the Bernloehr package to meet the cmz options of CORSIKA 6000. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 6.00 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (released, Dec. 14, 2000) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET01, DPMJET-II.5, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The DPMJET interaction model has been replaced by the more recent DPMJET version 2.5 (Nov. 99). The link routines have been adapted. Also new hadron air cross-sections are parametrized and K-air inelastic cross-sections have been added. To meet the requirements of the Auger experiment a CMZ option enables the selection of differing formats of the .dbase file. With this new formats this file is renamed to DATnnnnnn.info . To overcome azimuthal asymmetries of muons caused by GHEISHA for each GEISHA interaction a random azimuth is added. This needed some modifications in subroutine CGHEI. Diffraction of QGSJET98 is slightly modified to QGSJET01, needs new data set QGSDAT01. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.947 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-02, (not released, Oct. 2000) SIBYLL-1.6, SIBYLL-2.1, QGSJET98, DPMJET-II.4, GHEISHA_600, URQMD_1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Together with the Y2K problem nearly all computing systems now have the 'date_and_time' routine available. Thus a combination of the former CMZ options DECUNIX and LINUX to the new UNIX option is an indicated simplification. For systems with differing RECL parameter and time routines in the UNIX option, the BYTERECL and OLDDATE options are possible. Only in special cases the TIMERC option may be used to get the timer.c routine. The usage of the correct RECL parameter is now checked by the routine RCLCHK. The C-routines of K. Bernloehr are now kept as a separate package compressed by .tar and .gzip; this package contains also various atmprofi.dat and auxiliary files (README, make, ...) The new option VIEWCONE has been introduced. It permits to select the primary incidence angle from a circular region around a fixed zenith and azimuth angle in a manner with correct probability density. The inner and outer opening angle of the cone is specified by keyword VIEWCONE. The new option COMPACT enables a more compact particle output file especially suited for very low energy simulations, where no or only very few particles arrive at the detector level. By the COMPACT option (keyword COMOUT) only abbreviated event headers of those events are written, which also produce particles. Tailing zeros in the data blocks as well as event-end blocks are suppressed. The compact output may be switched off using the key word COMOUT. The updated interaction model SIBYLL_2.1 needed a revision of the linking routines. By the option SIBYLLOLD the link to the old SIBYLL_1.6 is selected. Debug output of the SIBYLL_2.1 link routines is switched on using the second parameter of key word SIBYLL. To select the old qgsjet98.f to reproduce the physics of the old qgsjet.f, the option QGSJETOLD is implemented. The only difference is the treatment of nucleus-nucleus cross-sections, which formerly were treated by the NUCNUCCS Glauber tables, while now they are done by the routine SECTNU of qgsjet98.f. The QGSJET option is now selected by QGSJET (instead of QGS). The low energy interaction model UrQMD is now available (for Karlsruhe internal use only) which might overcome the problems with GHEISHA. The link to this model is selected by the URQMD option, which might be combined with all high energy interaction codes. In some combinations double existing names of commons, functions, or subroutines have to be eliminated. Debug output of the URQMD linking routines is switched on using the second parameter of keyword URQMD. To reduce the CPU time and output of Cherenkov simulations, in the CEFFIC option the atmospheric absorption, mirror reflectivity, and PM quantum efficiency are respected in an early stage of the Cherenkov light simulation. With the keyword CERQEF all three processes can be enabled or disabled separately. Suitable tables must be read in via unit 20. New subroutines ATABSO, CESPEC, LINEAR, TELEFF, and TPDINI have been added. The THIN version has been extended by implementation of weight limitation (WMAX). Radial thinning for particles arriving within core distances < RMAX is added. The input parameters WMAX and RMAX are additional parameters of the THIN key word. To enable a thinning level for em-particles differing form the hadronic thinning level and with differing weight limit WMAX, a new keyword THINEM is introduced with parameters THINRAT (ratio e_th_em/e_th_hadr) and WEITRAT (ratio w_max_em/W_max_hadr). The zero point for the particle arriving time may be changed from the first interaction (default) to the entrance point of the primary into the atmosphere by the keyword TSTART. This needed changes within MAIN, ELECTR, and PHOTON. With the start point at entrance into the atmosphere, also the generation of Cherenkov photons before the first interaction is possible, and the particle then suffers from ionization energy loss, magnetic deflection and multiple scattering already after the starting point. The CMZ-make file has been adapted to the available options and the incompatibilities among them. A Y2K bug in writing out the creation date on the .dbase file has been corrected. Parametrization of pair and brems-cross-sections for muons above 10^5 GeV corrected. Some inconsistencies in the transport of em-particles have been corrected in the curved-version of HOWFAR and CORNEC. Errors in the subroutine GETBUS modifying the arguments of this routine have been eliminated. The call for system routines of day and time has been adapted to various hosts, the make file has been extended by appropriate selections. The longitudinal distribution of particle numbers and energy deposit can be written to file DATxxxxxx.long if the flag FLONGOUT (keyword LONGI) is enabled. If this flag is disabled, only the particle longitudinal distribution is written out to the particle output tape in separate blocks beginning with `LONG' (similar to `RUNH', `EVTH', `EVTE', and `RUNE'). The longitudinal distribution of Cherenkov photons can be calculated in `differential' form (# of photons generated in a longitudinal step, default option), `integral' form (# of all photons generated above lower border of step; CMZ-option INTCLONG; compatible with the older versions), or may be suppressed completely (saving CPU-time; CMZ-option NOCLONG). The fitting procedure of the longitudinal parameters has been improved to a 2-step algorithm; in the first step the first 4 parameters are fitted, in the second step these values are used as starting values for the final fit. In average better chi**2 are obtained also at distributions gained with severe thining. SAVE statements are used throughout the CORSIKA program to enable a compilation with Linux-GNU compilers g77 with optimization -O. Also the QGSJET, VENUS, and GHEISHA programs are now equipped with SAVE statements. All calls to UCOPY and VZERO have been eliminated from the GHEISHA routines. An inconsistency in writing the last block of the Cherenkov output file has been removed to avoid writing of unnecessary dummy zeros. The optional code for TRANSPuter systems has been removed as well as that for the HORIZONTal version (which is outdated by the CURVED version) to simplify the program structure. An error in the calculation of CHISUM in case of em-primaries (erroneously the augmentation had been performed twice) has been eliminated. The interaction test has been extended to photonuclear reactions, starting with a primary gamma either multi-hadron production (NDIFF = 1), vector meson production (NDIFF = 2) or a mixture (NDIFF = 0) according natural occurrence may be chosen. Constants for mass, decay time etc. have been checked and updated according with the most recent Particle Data Booklet (Jul. 2000). The content of the .dbase file has been extended and modified to meet the requirements of the Auger project simulations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.90 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, NEXUS-01 (not released, Aug. 1999) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET98, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The new NEXUS interaction model has been coupled with CORSIKA. This needs a new I/O file (Unit NEXPRM = 97) which is used to transfer the NEXUS parameters from the DATAC input to the NEXUS package. The CMZ options to get the NEXUS links are named NEXUS and NEXUSSIG. Changements for this options are necessary in BOX2, DATAC, INPRM, SDPM, START. A combination of NEXUS with QGSJETSIG and QGSJET with NEXUSSIG is not possible because of many identical subroutine names used in both source codes. To simulate showers down to 1000 m below sea level some inconsistencies have been removed in BLOCK1, BOX2, INPRM, EGSINI. A complete revision of the EGS4 portion has been made to overcome problems in connection with single precision. The interpolation of trigonometric functions from a table has been replaced by ordinary trigonometric functions. Also the approximation of exponentials and logarithms by the first members of a power expansion has been modified to adapt to the enhanced precision. Both means elongate the computing time by about 30 %. As the source code of the CORSIKA-EGS4 originates from 1986, relevant error corrections available with the 1998 version of EGS4 have been taken over. Affected routines are BHABHA/MOLLER and PAIR/MUPAIR. Additionally debugging statements (to be activated by keyword EGSDEB) and many comments have been inserted into all EGS routines for easier reading and understanding. Only the quantities related with the cross section file to be read in are still used as single precision variables. The meaning of the quantities GBRii (Gamma Branching Ratios) has been interchanged to get better precision for processes with low probability, such as mu+mu- pair formation. Consequently new EGSDAT sets are necessary now named EGSDAT3...; they are not compatible with the EGSDAT2.. sets. Moreover an error (use of electron Compton wavelength instead of muon Compton wavelength) within the screening functions of the form factor for mu+mu- pair formation has been corrected leading to an onset of this process now at about 1.4 TeV (compared with about 7 GeV in the old version). Photonuclear reactions have been revised, now taking into account the diffractive interaction of the photon leading to rho and omega vector mesons. By this reaction type the photon energy is transferred essentially to 2 pions which results in a harder muon spectrum (in contrast with the multi-pion production). This might be of importance for neutrino experiments for detection of muons induced by TeV gamma rays coming from point sources. This extension implies new routines RHOGEN and RHO0DC and changements in PIGEN and RESDEC. To control the energy balance and energy deposit within a shower additional information on the longitudinal distribution of various energies (of gammas, electrons, muons, hadrons,...) and energy deposits are now formed and printed out. This revealed many changements all over the program in routines AAMAIN, BOX3, DECAY1, EM, ETADEC, KDECAY, MUBREM, MUDECY, MUPRPR, MUTRAC, NUCINT, OUTPUT, PI0DEC, SDPM, TSTACK, UPDATE, EGS4, MPPROP, PIGEN1, PIGEN2, ELECTR, PHOTO, PHOTON, CGHEI, BOX60, BOX65, BOX70, HMESON, ISOBAR, NIHILA, SINGLE, VHMESO, DPMJST, HDPM, QGSTOR, SIBLK2, SIBSTR, VSTORE to get the ionization energy loss and the energy of cut particles into this distributions. Within the particle longitudinal array the columns of mu+ and mu- have been interchanged (to have the same sequence as in the particle code). In the muon transport the multiple scattering is now done at half of the penetrated matter instead half of the track length. Also for muon energies below 65 GeV the transport step is reduced to improve the arrival time calculation. (Before muons with E ~ 400 MeV arrived too late by max 60 nsec.) Routine UPDATE has been revised, so that now the angular range may be extented to 70 deg. The improvement results also in a better timing information. To the additional muon information the generation counter is added in a similar way as for ordinary particles. For muons originating from pion decay the generation counter is augmented by 50. Therefore by the additional muon information it is possible to distinguish between muons coming form K-decays and those coming from pion decays. Nucleus-air cross-sections for QGSJET are now kept in the data file SECTNU to be calculated together with the QGSDATA00 file (rsp. QGSDATAR, not compatible with former QGSDATA files). They have been changed by a few percent. The revised QGSJET code is named QGSJET00.f. New CMZ options BYTERECL (in combination with DECUNIX), VOLUMEDET, and VOLUMECORR have been introduced. As in some unix compilers (IBM RS/6000, HP) the RECL parameter in needed in bytes (default is 4-byte words), by the CMZ option BYTERECL this parameter is set correspondingly. The options VOLUMEDET and VOLUMECORR influence the angular dependence of the primary's zenith angle distribution in a manner as needed for volume detectors (sphere rsp. long vertical string). The default corresponds with an angular dependence as needed for flat horizontal detectors. The routines of the ISOBAR model have been eliminated, as they are no longer adequate to the raised requirements of shower simulation. All corresponding variables have been erased, a link with GHEISHA is now necessary in any case. A new option called CURVED is available which permits to overcome the problems of the former HORIZONT option. CURVED uses a piecewise planar atmosphere and is capable to simulate showers as flat as 89 deg (for Cherenkov only 88 deg) of zenith angle. The introduction of this option needed a lot of changements within AAMAIN, BOX2, BOX3, DATAC, EM, INPRM, MUBREM, MUDECY, MUPRPR, MUTRAC, NUCINT, OUTPUT, UPDATE, RESDEC, EGSINI, EGS4, ELECTR, HOWFAR, MPPROP, PHOTON, PIGEN, PIGEN1, PIGEN2, UPHI, and new routines CORINC, CORNEC, NRANGC, PRANGC, THICKC, UPDATC. For Cherenkov with CURVED the two new functions DISTIP and TOFIP respect the optical ray bending by varying refractive index within the atmosphere. The index tables are initialized by the new routine INRTAB. A new keyword PAROUT has been introduced. By the flag FPAROUT the particle output might be disabled, by the flag FTABOUT a table output might be enabled; this table writes essential features of the charged particles of a shower event onto unit 46 with the filename suffix .tab. 6 South pole atmospheres are now available by the keyword setting 'ATMOD' to 11 ... 16 corresponding to 4 seasons and two different models (MSIS-90-E model and Lipari model). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.800: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (not released Aug 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To get rid of the fixed layer boundaries at 4, 10, 40, and 100 km of the atmosphere, they may be now read in together with the atmospheric parameters using the keyword ATMLAY. The fixed cut (3 MeV) for electrons in the calculation of muonic bremsstrahlung and pair formation is replaced by the actual cut of electrons. The unnecessary copying of vertex coordinates in many routines has been eliminated. Copying is now performed only in NUCINT, PIGEN, EM, RESDEC, MUDECAY, MUBREM, MUPRPR, Nevertheless coordinates CURPAR(2)... ..CURPAR(4) have to be copied for spectators in all interaction models treating primary nuclei. The cross-section and target of first interaction are now printed out together with the other parameters of first interaction. As some compilers need an EXTERNAL statement for correct linking of data initialization routines BLOCK DATA ..., such EXTERNAL statements have been added to AAMAIN. To avoid warnings produced by sensitive compilers many declared but unused variables have been eliminated. Also expressions using a negative sign heading a variable have been modified by brackets. New subroutines for format-free reading of input replace the lengthy routines DATAC and LOWUP. A set of routines to read in external atmospheres and to include more precise calculation of Cherenkov photons may be used for Cherenkov telescopes. They include subroutines written in C by K. Bernloehr for the HEGRA telescopes to be linked with CORSIKA. These new options are available by the CMZ selection words ATMEXT, IACT. The former separate Cherenkov routines CERENE and CERENH are now replaced by CERENK with CERLDE and CERLDH. ======================================================================== Version 5.644: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, ( April 17, 2000) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) (only for internal use) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Printout of particle number longitudinal development on extra blocks of the DATxxxxxx file (before the EVTE block; first word of those blocks contains 'LONG'.) Improved muon tracking by shorter step length according with its energy. Hadronic generation counter is incremented by 50 for muons originating from charged pion decay. ======================================================================== Error corrected in Jan 4, 2000; Jan 17, 00; Apr 5, 00; Sept 4, 00 - 'Millennium' problem in .dbase file eliminated. - Parametrization of pair and brems-cross-sections for muons above 10^5 GeV corrected. - LPCT1 must be set for em primaries. - Coupling SIBYLL 1.6 with CORSIKA improved for energies above 10^16 eV to avoid numerical problems with single precision representation of the SIBYLL particle momenta. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Error corrected in Dec 1, 1998: A bug in QGSJET producing charmed mesons is detected. It occurs only with primary nuclei predominantly at energies above 10^15 eV. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Error correction in Oct 13, 1998: An error within dpmjet2.f has been correct to select the dataset BSITE appropriate with the projectile and target of each collision. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.624: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released August 11, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A bug in subroutine MUPAIR has been eliminated. (The weight for subtracting the NKG was not set.) This error became efficiently only with the THIN option when giving keywords EGS and NKG in parallel and resulted sometimes (after the rare events of mu+mu- pair formation) in an enhanced NKG output. The numbering of some constants used in muon bremsstrahlung has been corrected in START. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.623: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released June 09, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The step length factor for multiple scattering of em particles is now set to 1 as default with the CERENKOV option and with the thin option, with other options the default value is 10 as before. Some irregularities in the energy-elasticity matrix when using EGS have been eliminated (undefined EKINL). A bug in subroutine BOX2 calculating the cross sections for muon pair production cross sections at ultrahigh energies has been eliminated (FRACTN must read FRAPTN, FRACTNO must read FRPTNO). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.621: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Apr. 20, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An inconsistency in the initialization of the thickness at the layer boundaries has been eliminated. (Atmospheres different from the standard atmosphere did not become effective). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.620: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Apr. 3, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To prevent a longitudinal fit to be tried to negative electron numbers the minimal value of the electron numbers is set to zero. In case that EGS and NKG are activated the contribution of gammas producing photonuclear reactions or muon pairs must be subtracted from NKG. The subtracted fraction is calculated more precisely taking into account the exact origin of this photon. To facilitate the extraction of various options for shower simulation and interaction tests, the makefiles 'makeall' and 'makeint' have been installed. Within the 3-body kinematics of PIGEN2 the occurrence of sqrt with negative arguments is prohibited. The printout of the primary energy in case of selection from spectrum is now performed. In QGSJET a bug has been removed, which in case of nuclear primaries nearly doubled the shower energy. An error resulting eventually in a negative sqrt has been eliminated in UPDATE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.611: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Mar. 17, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A serious error in the initialization of some constants used for muon multiple scattering according to Moliere's theory has been eliminated. A considerable enlarging of the muon lateral distribution by about 15 % results from this error. The error was introduced with version 5203, therefore all results obtained with versions between 5203 and 5610 should be examined carefully before use. In doubtful cases the simulations should be rerun. The call for ATMIN in subroutine START was misplaced and is now interchanged with the thickness calculation at lower boundaries. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.610: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Mar. 09, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The fit function of the longitudinal development has been modified from Ball's function to Hillas' function, which gives less fits with extreme chi**2. For small chi**2 the two fits coincide. The elasticity in case of nuclear projectiles is now calculated for all models as the energy ratio of the most energetic secondary to the primary energy/nucleon. Many print formats have been adapted to avoid overflows also for the highest energy showers 5*10**20 eV. To save computing time with the EGS specification it is important to take an EGSDATA file which fits best to your specified lower boundary of the em particles. (Specifying cuts at 3 MeV and employing an EGSDAT2 data set ranging down to 50 keV needs up to 6 times more computing time compared with a data set ranging down only to 3 MeV!) Therefore we offer now 5 EGSDAT2 data sets marked with a suffix which gives the lowest kinetic energy (in MeV). Within subroutine EGSINI an automatic selection of the optimal data set is made and the appropriate data set read in. The default hadronic cross sections have been modified as well as radiation length and critical energy for NKG calculations (see footnotes p. 52 and p. 65 in FZKA-6019). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.604: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Feb. 16, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Serious errors occurring at electron and gamma energies above 10**17 eV have been detected within BREMSLPM and LPMEFFECT and are now eliminated. To get the new version of routine PRTIME for DECUNIX computers which overcomes the year 2000 you should select the 'NEWDATE' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.603: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Feb. 04, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Within HDPM (subroutine PARNUM) an error has been eliminated. In connection with the new dataset EGSDAT2 ranging down to 50 keV at high energy electrons and gammas (> 10**14 eV) rounding errors caused a division by 0 within subroutine MOLLER. As consequence many variables within EGS have been declared to double precision. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.602: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Jan. 28, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An error within BREMSLPM has been corrected. This error was only effective in the THIN option and affected the treatment of particles in the LPM energy range. An error in PRANGE has been corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.601: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Jan. 15, 1998) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A bug in subroutine TSTEND which is effective only with the THIN option and concerns the array RESRAN has been fixed. Initialization of RESTMS has been moved from PAMAF to BLOCK1. In connection with CERENKOV a bug in UPDATE has been detected and fixed. Also the energy cuts of hadrons emerging from photonuclear reactions have been verified. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.600: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released Dec. 19, 1997) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A revision of the DPMJET routines including the coupling routines together with its author J. Ranft was necessary to get them run in a manner consistent with the stand alone version of DPMJET. The most recent version DPMJET2.4 is now coupled. This implied many modifications of the DPMJET coupling routines. Our coupling is prepared to contain also the evaporation module of A. Ferrari and P.R. Sala, but we are not allowed to distribute this module. The routine PRTIME giving date and time for DECUNIX computers has been modified to overcome the year 2000 without problems. To get the old date routine, you should select 'OFFIC'. To study the influence of meteorological effects within the atmosphere we have now built in (besides the US standard atmosphere) 7 atmospheric parameter sets based on measured data of the Deutsche Wetter Dienst (German meteorological service) measured above Stuttgart. They represent essentially the seasonal variations of the atmospheric depth distribution. The various sets may be chosen by the keyword ATMOD. To be independent from the situation of Central Europe, it is possible to read in sets of atmospheric parameters suitable for the regarded location. These changements affected the routines BLOCK1, DATAC, STAEND, and START. Some small errors have been eliminated. They occurred only if primaries were penetrating down to the observation level and affected PHISCT, VSCAT and BNORMC. A revision of the thinning algorithm caused by unpublished results of C. Pryke revealed a large number of changements in the application of thinning. Now all particles below ETHINN, which emerge from an interaction, are exposed to the algorithm. Also the thinning algorithm is applied in the rare interactions of EGS4 (MUPAIR and PIGEN). These changements result in a more efficient thinning, so less particles with low weight are followed which results in a drastic shortening of the computing times. A new table indicating the energy - weight statistics of all observed particles is added to the list output in case of thinning. A bug within the energy - elasticity table, occurring with the THIN option, is eliminated. Some arrays are redimensioned to adapt to the larger particle numbers at the highest energies (QGSJET, internal stack). The suppression of debug output from GHEISHA is now possible and selectable by the keyword GHEIDB. A bug in the subroutines ELECTR of the EGS part, which becomes efficient only with the PLOTSH option, has been eliminated. The file EGSDAT2 has been modified to come down with the energy of electromagnetic particles as low as 50 keV. Using more than 1 observation level not given in correct sequence in the input caused serious errors in the EGS portion. The bug is now fixed and any sequence of the observation levels admitted. To improve the quality of CORSIKA at the highest energies, pi(0)'s are now tracked and may undergo hadronic interactions. In the same way eta's are treated. (Affected routines are BOX2, BOX3, NUCINT, SDPM, and the link routines for the hadronic interaction models.) In EGS the LPM-effect is respected by suppression of BREMS and PAIR events depending on the energy of interacting particle and of the possible product particle. The formalism of MOCCA/AIRES has been adapted. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.203: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released October 10, 1997) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A bug in the subroutines ELECTR and PHOTON of the EGS part, which becomes efficient only in the PLOTSH option, has been eliminated. For calculation of the number of scattering events of muon multiple scattering erroneously weight percent have been adopted instead of atomic percent. Effects of this error are negligible, nevertheless the error in subroutine START is now corrected. Within the routine START the calls to the routines DATAC and ATMIN (for HORIZONT option) have been interchanged, to get the height of the observation levels corrected for the HORIZONT option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.202: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released April 24, 1997) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To get compatibility with all kinds of computers, the maximum block size for the external stack EXST has to be limited to less than 32768. Consequently MAXSTK is now at 312 for the THIN option. Also some of the formats are longer than 132 characters/line, which is not tolerated for all computers. Therefore many formats have changed to meet with this need. A bug has been fixed in QGSJET for realistic fragmentation. A bug has been fixed in DATAC for DATBAS input. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.201: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released April 16, 1997) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Error corrections: Within BOX2 for VENUSSIG the charged pion cross sections are taken instead of the Kaon cross sections. For Kaons the call to VENSIG should read CALL VENSIG(ELAB,3) Within GHEISHA the arrays SNUM and BNUM have been extended to keep also the strangeness and baryon numbers of Omega's. A discussion with K. Werner revealed, that the p-p cross section in VENSIGINI should comprise also diffraction. The corrected values are used only to calculated nucleus-air cross sections, which differ by 2 to 3 % from the older ones (at energies above 10**15 eV). To enable the extraction of the system C-file for the LINUX option, the make-file has been modified slightly. A bug in subroutine FREBLK has been indicated by C. Trinchero and removed. SIBYLL.f has been corrected for an error in subroutine PART_INT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.200: (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (released March 15, 1997) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To enable simulations up to the highest energies the so-called 'thinning' is introduced also into hadronic interactions and decays. It enables to drop the majority of particles emerging from a reaction and keeping only one with simultaneous enlarging its weight. This reduces the calculation times considerably, but may also reduce the correct fluctuations, therefore it should be used with precautions. Many changements had to be made, as now for each particle the weight must be considered and hence the output data structure has to be changed. The moving of particles from SECPAR to the stack has been modified. Now an intermediate stack is used to collect all particles from a reaction and select only one of them for thinning. This needs new routines TSTINI, TSTEND, TSTOUT (the former TSTACK), and a new TSTACK. This collection before writing needs a little bit computer time: about 6 % for HDPM, SIBYLL and QGS, about 2% for DPMJET and VENUS, if the electromagnetic component is not simulated. Also the introduction of a new stack needs more than 2 MB memory additionally. No special stack handling is needed for the EGS4 routines. The thinning is activated by the CMZ option THIN. Some parametrizations of the muon cross sections had to be modified to meet the extended energy range up to 10**20 eV. The initialization of EGS4 is now performed in the routine EGSINI. The cross section file for the EGS routines is extended up to 10**20 eV, new name is EGSDAT2, size is 2621 lines. The dimensions of all arrays keeping the cross sections and branching ratios for EGS have been extended from 200 to 500. A new macro has been implemented into the cmz-file which comfortably permits to extract a FORTRAN file with the desired options watching that no conflicting options are selected simultaneously. To activate it, you should give the command 'exec macro' when you have entered the cmz program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.100: not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (internally used since Jan 97) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To enable simulations up to the highest energies the so-called 'thinning' is introduced into EGS4. By thinning one of the particles emerging from an interaction is dropped immediately, while the other is kept with increased weight. This reduces the calculation times considerably, but may also reduce the correct fluctuations, therefore it should be used with precautions. Many changements had to be made, as now for each particle the weight must be considered and hence the output data structure has to be changed. The thinning option is activated by the CMZ option THIN. To enable the coupling of routines treating the em-particles at energies above 10**16 eV by the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect, some changements have been made in routines EM, BOX3, and MUDECY. Connecting routine to this extension will be routine LPM. The addition of a set of LPM routines will be made in a later release. Considerable improvement of the muon tracking has been performed. Muons are now no longer tracked by BOX3 but rather by subroutine MUTRAC. Muon bremsstrahlung and muon pair production are treated in subroutines MUBREM and MUPRPR. The cross sections for these processes are calculated in BOX2 by calling the functions GBRSGM and GPRSGM. The explicit treatment of these processes needs also modifications in PRANGE and UPDATE concerning the energy loss of muons at high energies. These improvements take also into account a more frequent multiple scattering. The calculation of the scattering angle in UPDATE is extended by Moliere scattering (besides the existing Gauss distribution for the scattering angle). The Moliere option is activated by the code word MUMULT and setting the flag FMOLI. The Moliere scattering angle is determined in subroutine MMOLIE, which calls the routine MMOL4. If the path length is too short for application of Moliere's theory, plural Coulomb scattering events are considered in routine MUCOUL, which calls the routine MPOISS for Poisson distribution. Initialization of some parameters for Moliere's theory is performed in START. Some changements have been made in AAMAIN, OUTPUT, and BOX3 for keeping the information for the additional muon output option. Some minor changes have been performed: * Gathering of the isobar routines into the PATCH ISOBAR, gathering the HDPM routines into the PATCH HDPM, gathering the NKG-routines into the PATCH NKG. * Tuning the transverse momentum distribution in the HDPM model to recent experimental findings (UA1/MIMI) by modifications in HDPM, PPARAM, and new subroutine PTRAM * Enlarging the array for secondary particles of HDPM from 2000 to 3000; this needs also an enlargement of the array for random numbers by the same amount. * In subroutine NKG the minimal distance between the subshower axis and a point where the electron density is calculated, has been limited to 1 cm (The old minimal distance of sqrt(10**-5) is experimentally not reasonable). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.024: not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (Nov 1996) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) (used for shower calculations with individual cross sections) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To use the various hadronic interaction models with their own cross sections for determining the free path up to the next hadronic interaction, the options VENUSSIG, QGSSIG, and DPMJETSIG have been introduced to enable the various cross sections independently from the usage of the hadronic interaction model, similar to the SIBYLLSIG option. Selecting more than one cross section option gives unpredictable results. From practical reasons the cross sections of nucleus-nucleus collisions are calculated using the specific hadron-nucleus cross sections of VENUSSIG, QGSSIG, or DPMJETSIG and taking the Glauber tables already implemented in CORSIKA. Some smaller improvements have been performed within the DPMJET-2 package according to the suggestions of J. Ranft. The DPMJET-2 has been updated to get p_t distributions better in accordance with experimental data. Corrections of smaller errors: * In subroutine PIGEN1 and PIGEN1 the calculation of the cm angle 3 is faulty; one should read: C *** ABOVE 1300 MEV THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION IS DETERMINED C *** BY THE TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM OF THE PION PT=1.D3*PTRANS(DUMMY) <======== COSTE3=SQRT(MAX(0.D0,P3CM**2-PT**2))/P3CM END IF and C*** NOW SELECT THE THREE INDEPENDENT ANGLES IN C.M. SYSTEM PT3=1.D3*PTRANS(DUMMY) <======== SIN3CM=MIN(1.,PT3/P3CM) <======== COS3CM=SQRT(1.-SIN3CM**2) CALL RMMAR(RNNO86,1,2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.023: not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (July 1996) SIBYLL 1.6, QGSJET, and DPMJET-II) (used to produce the results of the report FZKA-5828) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To compare the influence of interaction models, we have extended the coupling also to DPMJET (Version II). The coupling routines are contained within patch DPMJETLINK, DPMJET is activated by the cmz select option DPMJET. Selecting more than one interaction model at the same time suppresses DPMJET in favour of VENUS, SIBYLL, or QGS. Many modifications within the interaction test routines have been made to treat the spectators and to check energy conservation. Additionally some changements have been made and small errors are eliminated: * To avoid the warnings given by some compilers, quantities declared at the beginning of BOX2, DATAC, KDECAY and MUDECY but only used in the horizontal rsp. neutrino option, are now activated only when needed. * Modification in PAMAF: To get better agreement in the energy balance of the interactions, we use now the masses of nuclei without binding effects. * BOX2: The treatment of strange baryons is adapted individually to the interaction program. The treatment of sigma(0) and anti-sigma(0) by GHEISHA is definitely excluded now by setting FDECAY=.true.. * To increase the angular precision of the EGS-routines, the dimension of the arrays SIN0 and SIN1 is increased from 1002 to 20002, also the value of MXSINC accordingly. * The energy border between high and low energy interaction model is selectable in the interactiontest. Two variables HILOELB and HILOECM are used to steer the border. * Additional check in INPRM for selection of longitudinal sampling in the case of the horizontal shower option, when the atmosphere becomes thicker than 1040 g/cm**2. * The fraction of charge exchange within PIGEN1 has been made consistent with RESDEC, which is based on theoretical considerations. New cmz-options have been added. Now an option to generate a program version running on PC's under LINUX is available. The PLOTSH option causes the write out of start and endpoints of all particle tracks, separately for hadrons, muons, and electromagnetic particles. A special program makes the shower development visible on screen or on plots. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 5.012: not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, (Jan 1996) SIBYLL 1.6 and QGSJET) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Considerable extensions have been made by coupling with the high energy interaction programs SIBYLL and QGSJET. The coupling is done via routines contained within the patches SIBYLLINK and QGSLINK. These couplings are activated by the cmz select options SIBYLL and QGS rsp. Selecting more than one high energy interaction model simultaneously is blocked by suppression of SIBYLL and QGS if VENUS is selected, and by suppressing QGS if SIBYLL is selected. For all these models the low energy interaction routines of GHEISHA are coupled. Transition energy is for all cases 80 GeV (Elab). In all models their use is activated by default and may be deactivated using a data card with the key words VENUS, SIBYLL, and QGSJET. As addition and independent from this model selection the QCD-calculated cross sections of the SIBYLL model can be selected using the cmz selection option SIBYLLSIG. Their use is then activated by default and may be deactivated using a data card with the key word SIBSIG. The decay of pi(0) into e(+)+e(-)+gamma has been added to the PI0DEC routine. This requested also changes within DECAY6, MPPROP, and SHOWER. (Now all pi(0)'s decay within PI0DEC, while PIZERO of the EGS patch is no longer in use.) A new possibility of fragmentation (activated by NFRAGM = 4) is introduced, which gives realistic nucleus fragments according to the used model, but without transverse momentum. (Changements within VAPOR and START). Some inconsistencies and small errors have been removed: * DATAB (and if necessary DATAB2) are now reset to 0 at begin of simulation (changement in START). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.603: not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5) (for internal use since JAN 18, 1996) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Within the routines HDPM, LEADDF, and LEDENY the calculation of the rapidity was modified to formulas which show better numerical stability at very high energy. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.60 : not released (coupled with VENUS4.12/5) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The key word DATBAS is used to enable a new option which writes a run summary to the output unit 45. This output is intended as input to a data base administrating a shower library. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.502: from DEC 12, 1995 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Some inconsistencies and small errors have been removed: * Bug in PRANGE fixed (occurred, if first interaction above 100km) * Bug in AMOEBA (Dimension Y(MP) instead of Y(NP)); the effect depends on the compiler. * In DECAY6 by chance COSFI4 could be >1 by rounding errors. Now its value is limited. * Some inconsistencies in using the interactiontest have been removed (ELCUT no longer active in interactiontest, target selection in SDPM for VENUS tests, target settings for arbitrary targets and settings of diffractive probabilities in VENLNK ) * An inconsistency in the monitor printout (for em-particles with Ekin > ECTMAP the level of the last hadronic interaction was not printed) has been removed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.501: from NOV 07, 1995 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Some small errors have been eliminated. They refer to: * a typing error in INPRM (statement was beginning before column 7), * check of the limit of ELCUT(1) in the GHEISHA option (subroutine INPRM), * the redefinition of XCER and YCER in the subroutines CERENE and CERENH, * definition of CGHSIG as DOUBLE PRECISION at beginning of subroutine BOX2 (instead of REAL) * the limitation of GAM0 to values above 1.0001 (subroutines PRANGE and UPDATE). * the fit at the average longitudinal distribution (the fit was made to PLONG instead of APLONG), * the position of the CLOSE statements at the end of AAMAIN, * the routine HISOUT forming the dsname for the HISTDS output file, * a wrong format statement label used in many WRITE statements in subroutine GETBUS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.50 : from OCT 06, 1995 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A significant improvement of the range of all particles, which suffer from ionization energy loss before decay, has been made in BOX2, implementing the new subroutine PRANGE. The range's error is now less than 0.6 % also in unfavorable cases, e.g. muons with energy of 3.7 GeV starting in 30 km altitude at 45 degrees, which penetrate down to sea level. As this new approach is only possible for an exponential atmosphere, it can not be applied in combination with the horizontal shower option, which still uses the range calculation of version 4.114. The new formulas for the ionization and pair formation energy loss are now also used in subroutine UPDATE for all charged particles to calculate the gamma factor at the end of the flight path. The variable THICKH has been added to COMMON PARPAR, a new COMMON ATMOS2 has been introduced to keep the layer boundary altitudes and their thicknesses. An inconsistency (the altitude H in COMMON PARPAR was not set correctly) in the call of UPDATE from the MAIN has been eliminated in the case, the primary penetrates through down to the lowest observation level. Instead of 1 Cherenkov array now up to 20 Cherenkov arrays are considered, which are (with respect to the origin) scattered at random within a predefined area. Keyword is CSCAT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.468: from SEPT 29, 1995 (coupled with VENUS4.12/5, not released) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Using FIXHEI to fix the height of the first interaction, in the case of decaying particles (pions, kaons, str. baryons) the first action of those particles is no longer determined by BOX2, but rather will be always an interaction and not a decay. With the new keyword FIXCHI the starting altitude of the primary is shifted from the top of the atmosphere to the value of CHI0 (in g/cm**2), which serves to study the development of subshowers. Changements in subroutine NUCINT to treat deuterons, tritons and alpha particles by GHEISHA, if selected and if the energy is in the correct range. When entering EGS, the energy of EM-particles is checked to fall below the upper limit (at present 10**7 GeV) of the EGSDATA set. The calculation of the EM-rejection boundary is moved into the main program. In the Cherenkov case now the EGS-flag FEGS is set in START; the FEGS condition is still checked in subroutine EM also in the Cherenkov case (as it was in the versions before 4.11). The bunch size is printed now, and when calculated in GETBUS it is printed always after the GETBUS call. All the printing statements for the interaction models have now been collected from INPRM into START, while the check of shower parameters and their printing is taken from START into INPRM. The routine DATAC has been modified to accept format free input data, including lower case characters, which are converted within the new subroutine LOWUP. A check of the lateral distribution of Cherenkov photons produced by low energy gammas (20 GeV to 1 TeV) shows, that the mean free path between two multiple scattering events should be reduced in critical cases on the expenses of longer computing time. During the check the routine CERENE has been modified to take into account the continuous energy loss EDEP along the step considered in CERENE, which becomes essential for low energy electrons just above the Cherenkov threshold. New keywords STEPFC (giving the step size prolongation factor for electron multiple scattering in EGS) and CWAVLG (to specify the Cherenkov wave length band) have been built in. The random distribution for the zenith angles has been modified to get an intensity proportional to sin(theta)*cos(theta), where the sin(theta) comes from the solid angle element and the cos(theta) comes from the horizontal area of the measuring array. (The older versions neglected the cos(theta) dependence, which is only correct for spherical detectors.) Some small errors have been eliminated: * Typing error in KDECAY (Neutrino Version COSTCM instead of COSCM); * OPEN of files also for VMS in INPRM; * Calculation of the elasticity matrix table corrected (MAIN, HDPM, CGHEI, VSTORE) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.114: from SEPT 11, 1995 (not released) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Erroneously in the calculation of the range to decay for neutral kaons and neutral strange baryons an ionization energy loss was accounted for. This mistake in BOX2 is now eliminated. The printout of the random generator status and the event number at VENUS error messages or error stops is improved in VENINI and VENLNK. A revised version of the subroutine CERENE has been built in to improve the Cherenkov intensities at low energy photon induced showers. Correction of an error in CHISQ by demanding positive width. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.113: from JUNE 23, 1995 (withdrawn August 23, 1995 because of problems with VENUS 5.01/6) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The sequence of the columns header of the longitudinal distribution was not correct and has been changed to give the correct sequence of the columns beginning with 'gammas, POSITRONS, ELECTRONS, mu-, mu+, ...'. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.112: from JUNE 19, 1995 (withdrawn August 23, 1995 because of problems with VENUS 5.01/6) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Eliminating bugs from Subroutine BOX2: Errors in COR2 and DH. The quantity PLAB was not set for the use in GHEISHA. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.11 : from MAY 19, 1995 (withdrawn August 23, 1995 because of problems with VENUS 5.01/6) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Including of subroutine VAPOR for treatment of fragmentation in realistic manner, regarding transverse momentum for the fragments. The VENUS version 5.01 is now coupled with CORSIKA. All strange baryons with s = +-2 and +-3 are now generated by VENUS and tracked explicitly, low energy treatment is done by GHEISHA. As their treatment by the isobar-model is not possible, a selection of VENUS needs also an automatic selection of GHEISHA. Kaon and gamma induced interactions are now also treated by VENUS, if energy is high enough. The longitudinal profiles of various particle species are now calculated if corresponding flag LLONGI is set. A fit is made for the longitudinal distribution of the 'all charged particles' and the fit parameters are written to the EVTE block., if the fit flag FLGFIT is set. New subroutines are AMOEBA, CHISQ, LONGFT. Cherenkov routines are modified to enable the photon registration in an array with selectable detector number NCERX, NCERY, grid spacing DCERX, DCERY, and detector size ACERX, ACERY. The orientation of the array relative to magnetic north may be chosen by ARRANG, the angle between the array x-axis and north. The Cherenkov output may now be directed to the Cherenkov output (LCERFI=.true.) or to the particle output (LCERFI=.false.). An error in the FORMAT-statement (label 100) of subroutine GETBUS is corrected. The refractive index of air in the routines CERENE and CERENH is calculated in a more precise way. This affects the emission angle and also the arrival time of the Cherenkov photon bunches. The velocity of the Cherenkov emitting electrons is now considered. This eliminates the uncertainty of the older calculation of the arrival time, which is in the order < 1 nsec. The arrival time of the Cherenkov photons is no longer given relative to the arrival of the shower axis, but - in consistency with the other particles - relative to the first interaction. The option names CERENK and INTTST are changed to CERENKOV and INTTEST, the new option VMS for running on VAX or DEC-AXP under VMS is added. A new option to select the target nucleus of the first interaction is added to the keyword FIXHEI. The variable N1STTR may have the values 0 = random target, 1 = nitrogen, 2 = oxygen, 3 = argon. The EQUIVALENCE of the nuclear cross sections PN30 ... PA60 with PNOA.... and the collision probabilities SEQU14...SEQU40 with SE14... SE40 has been eliminated. NKG-routines AVAGE and MITAGE improved to calculate mean and deviation in a consistent manner. Selecting simultaneously EGS and NKG gave a too high value for the number of electrons for NKG. The effect was most pronounced in gamma-initiated showers and came from em-subshowers, originating from pi(0) after gamma-induced hadronic interactions. Now the contribution to NKG from gammas, producing muon pairs or hadrons (subroutines MUPAIR, PIGEN) is subtracted from the NKG output by calling NKG with negative argument. This implies changes in AVAGE, MITAGE, NKG, MUPAIR, PIGEN. All input parameters which are selected by the routine DATAC are checked in INPRM, whether they are in the range for which CORSIKA is designed for a proper use. If a parameter is outside of this range of confidence, the program will issue a warning and correct the parameter or stop. By the VENPAR data card VENUS parameters may be changed relative to the standard setting of subroutine VENINI. The generator for normal distributed random numbers RANNOR is replaced by a new version which avoids trigonometric functions and therefore is a little bit faster. A new option MUADDI is available which causes by setting the flag FMUADD the program to write additional information on the origin of the muons onto the particle tape just preceding the muon particle. The information corresponds with the particles' properties, but instead the time since first interaction, the altitude of origin is written. The particle codes for these additional information are 75 and 76 for positive and negative muons. The calculation of the range of decaying particles (muons, charged pions, kaons, and strange baryons), which is done in subroutine BOX2 has been improved by considering the slowing down during the flight path. But the new range calculation is still not quite satisfactory, so we will try to improve it further in next future. Also the ionization loss in the tracking of the charged particles (subroutine UPDATE) is not sufficient, especially at lower energies, and will be improved in future. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.068: from October, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Debugging of VENUS is improved by the keyword VENDBG, which enables to set the amount of debug printout for VENUS. CERSIZ is now correctly taken from input data card or computed internally by GETBUS, if set to 0. in the data card. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.065: from July, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The passage of the primary particle through the observation levels was not watched and is now added to MAIN-program. The cut for low energy EM-particles, which have very small chance to produce measurable particles at the observation levels, is now calculated for each individual shower. The cross section of pions in VENLNK is now calculated more consistent. In VENLNK there was an error (LAPROJ was not set to -1), which causes the internal use of a proton instead of a pion as the leading particle of a pion-induced VENUS-collision. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.06 : from March, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CORSIKA is now available as DECUNIX and MACintosh version with the corresponding HISTORIAN flags. The DECUNIX version runs on DEC-stations under ULTRIX and ALPHAs under OSF/Unix, the MAC version runs under SYSTEM 7 with the ABSOFT Fortran 77. The HISTORIAN flag INTTST selects now the code for a detailed interaction test. The additional routines are TSTINT common deck for interaction test TST block data for testing HISINI initialization of histograms HISRES reset histograms HISPRP prepare histograming HISTRA transform to a convenient reference system HISFIL fill histograms HISOUT store histograms For this interaction test HBOOK and ZEBRA from the CERN lib has to be linked to the program. The implementation of the interaction tests entailed a number of minor changes in several CORSIKA routines. GHEISHA interaction routines have been implemented for treatment of the low energy hadronic interaction (selectable by the data card GHEISH T). If GHEISHA is selected as well the interaction cross sections are used as parametrized in the GHEISHA code. This improves the simulation of low energy interactions compared to the crude treatment with the isobar model routines. The time consumption goes up, however, by roughly a factor 2. New routines necessary for running GHEISHA : UCOPY copy of the CERN routine with the same name VZERO copy of the CERN routine with the same name FLPSOR copy of the CERN routine with the same name GRANOR random number generator adapted to the one used in CORSIKA GRNDM random number generator adapted to the one used in CORSIKA GARNDM random number generator adapted to the one used in CORSIKA CGCOMP common deck CGHINI initialization of GHEISHA CGHSIG cross section calculation of GHEISHA CGHEI interface to interaction routines All the above routines are appending at the end of CORSIKA. The original GHEISHA routines, that are used together with CORSIKA are in a separate file with about 16100 lines. For high energy collisions the program VENUS for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions has been implemented. VENUS improves especially the nucleus-nucleus collision simulation at highest energies. It increases the computing time however by a factor of 15!!. The interface routines are activated by the HISTORIAN flag VENUS. New routines for VENUS are VENUS common deck VENINI initialization of VENUS VENLNK interface to interaction routines UTQSEA structure function due to sea quarks UTQVAL structure function due to valence quarks VSTORE stores secondaries on stack RANGEN random number generator adapted to the one used in CORSIKA VENDAT block data for VENUS These routines are appending the CORSIKA code, whereas the interaction routine are in a separate file of about 17700 lines length. VENDATA external dataset with numerical values of structure function integrals. To be read at initialization time. In routine AVAGE and MITAGE the printout of the NKG results (looking like the union jack) gave the electron densities in particles/Rmol**2. Now it is changed to particles/m**2 as it was (and is) in the output on tape. In BOX2 the cross sections are calculated by GHEISHA if the GHEISH data card is set TRUE. The muon decay code in BOX3 is now extracted to the new routine MUDECY. BOX3 was changed consequently. Now the last secondaries created in an interaction are always written to the stack. Before the last one was kept as the new current particle in the routines BOX60, BOX61, ... BOX74, HMESON, VHMESON, SINGLE, ISOBAR, NIHILA, NUCINT. The return codes in these routines have been removed. The philosophy of energy and angular cutting has been changed. Before a particle that was below the energy cut was still tracked and stored on the stack if there was the chance to create in a decay or interaction other particles that might be above their cuts. Thus it could happen that hadrons were tracked down to zero energy when the electron cut was at 3 MeV. For angular cuts such a future vision was not applied. Now rigorously all particles below some cuts are discarded before being written to the stack. It is now in the responsibility of the user to take care that the cuts for the different particles are chosen reasonably. All ENTRY statements (AUSGB2, TSTACK, FSTACK, OUTEND, OUTEND2, STAEND, INPRM, TOBUFC) have been converted to separate routines, to be able to use a special programming tool for program development here in Karlsruhe. The tracking routine UPDATE has been improved and streamlined. The new array SIGN in common PAM gives the charges of all particles. It is filled in routine PAMAF. The array declarations in RMMAQ, RMMAR, TOBUF were changed to get the program running even with explicit checking of array boundaries. The limit between low and high energy interaction model is shifted to Elab = 80 GeV. The standard energy cuts were changed to 0.3, 0.3, 0.003 and 0.003 GeV for hadrons, muons, electrons and photons, respectively. Some commons had to be rearranged to meet the requirements of standard Fortran 77. The descriptions of the commons has been updated. Minor changes in several routines due to the implementation of VENUS, GHEISHA and the interaction test routines. The postal code of Karlsruhe changed. Please regard the new address in the header of the CORSIKA source in case you want to send us paper mail. Since beginning of 1994 we develop and run CORSIKA on DEC Alpha stations. Therefore, and because of several other groups do not have access to HISTORIAN we maintain CORSIKA now with the the help of the CERN software CMZ (Code Management with Zebra). This package is available from CERN for free and is probably used already by most of the labs being involved in particle physics. Now everybody is able to create the desired version of CORSIKA on his own. There exists an updated version of the CORSIKA users guide, where the structure and the handling of the CMZ source is described. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.01 : from May 28, 1993 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ DPHI in routine ADDANI was not properly defined. The new angle phi at the end of the routine is stored in the the variable DPH instead of the variable DPHI which is the subroutine argument. In case of CERENK and TRANSP code the statement number 447 appeared twice in the MAIN program. Directly before the open of the Cherenkov tape the do loop statement number has to be changed to 449. In routine HDPM where the width of the gaussians for neutral particles WIDN2 is calculated in the statement WIDN2 = MAX(1.D0 , 1.12275D0 - 0.0208D0 * RSLOG) * WIDC2 the MAX function has to be replaced by the MIN function to get correctly WIDN2 = MIN(1.D0 , 1.12275D0 - 0.0208D0 * RSLOG) * WIDC2 In routine SDPM directly before the loops 200 and 210 respectively, the code should be included inside the IF blocks C CALCULATE GAMMA, BETA AND ENERGY IN CENTER OF MASS GCM = SQRT ( GAMMA * 0.5D0 + 0.5D0 ) ECM = PAMA(ITYPE) * GCM * 2.D0 BETACM = SQRT ( 1.D0 - 1.D0 / GCM**2 ) In addition in SDPM the second loop over the HDPM calls (for protons; statement number 210) should read DO 210 LL=1,NPRPRO instead of DO 210 LL=1,NNEPRO In the routine AVAGE the write statements for the NKG-output for each shower were activated only if the logical variable LPRINT is true (in analogy to all the other printouts in the MAIN program). The NKG routine uses now the energy cut for electrons that is specified in ELCUT(3) and allows thus to account for detection thresholds. The NKG electron number and the lateral distributions are now depending on this cut. The neutrinos are treated now explicitly when choosing the HISTORIAN flag NEUTRINO. ... The flag INTTST allows to create histograms about many quantities of the interaction model. This version requires then HBOOK from the CERN library. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 4.00 : from April 22, 1993 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Since Version 3.05 many changes in subroutines and common blocks have been made and we recommend to install the program completely new. The major changes were: In the hadronic interaction model the charge exchange and resonance formation have been treated more consistently. The leading and antileading particle are treated in the same way. They may form Delta resonances, rho mesons or K* with immediate decays according to their branching ratios. This may lead to an effective charge exchange of the leading or antileading particles. The charge exchange and the resonance production are selected energy dependent and the decays are performed in a way that the charge of the secondaries is conserved. Strange baryon production is implemented and the decays of the baryons follow the measured branching ratios. The eta meson production and their decays into neutral particles are taken into account. In former versions the transverse momentum and the energy of hadronic interactions were conserved but not the longitudinal momentum. Now we adopted the so called Jadach filter to conserve all quantities at the same time. The hadronic interaction model (HDPM) has been subdivided into many subroutines to clarify the structure and to improve the maintenance and readability. As muons from pion and kaon decays are polarized the distribution of there decay electrons may be influenced. Therefore we included the polarization into the decay of muon and kaon. Cherenkov radiation from electrons and hadrons has been implemented following an approach from M. Rozanska, F. Arqueros and S. Martinez from the HEGRA Collaboration. The routines CERENE and CERENH are called from ELECTR (EGS) and UPDATE for electrons and hadrons respectively. As the number of Cherenkov photons is rather large, only representative subsamples of photons are recorded. Nevertheless there is substantial output on an additional output file. As the EGS version has to be used and some accelerating tricks have to be abandoned for Cherenkov calculations the computing time rises strongly. There exists a option of the program to simulate showers under zenith angles up to 90 degrees. To avoid the tracking in spherical coordinates we adopt a modified density profile of the atmosphere. The density profiles have to be read from an external dataset. In addition there were many minor changes and corrections. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.05 : from 13.3. 92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Calculation of ATAN in routine NIHILA corrected. First argument has to be y and second argument x. New COMMON /MAGNET/ to track all charged particles with earth magnetic field. Initiation of the magnetic field in START. New routine UPDATE to perform the tracking with magnetic field. The EGS routines are effected as well. BOX2 has been changed to calculate the place of next interaction faster and simpler. The decision whether decay or interaction is moved from NUCINT to BOX2. New flag FDECAY in COMMON /RUNPAR/ tells the routine NUCINT which decision has been taken in BOX2. In BOX2 in addition some sign errors in the parametrizations of the cross sections have been corrected and the parametrization has been smoothed a bit. Plus some minor changes All common decks/routines that have been effected by the changes are: MAGNET, RUNPAR BOX2, DATAC, EGS, NIHILA, NUCINT, START, UPDATE, VHMESO ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.04 : from 1.12. 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Main changes in fragmentation fo primary nuclei: Optional use of fragmentation model, which keeps all spectator nucleons of the first interaction together as a new nucleus. To treat those nuclei one needs the cross section tables for all nuclei with A < 56 and the probabilities how many nucleons interact in a collision with air nuclei. This rather long table is supported in a separate data set. In addition we switched to experimentally determined cross sections for inelastic hadron - proton collisions including annihilation to calculate the distance to the next interaction. Commons ADDCST, HWNPR, PARAM were no longer needed. Commons AIR, NCSNCS, SIGM were added. The new option can be chosen in the HADFLG data card as 6th flag, routine DATAC and START consequently had to be extended. The contents of common NCSNCS has to be read in routine START from an external file (on unit 11). It is sent in data set NUCNUCCS. The subroutines BOX2 and SDPM have been replaced by new ones, containing all the changes needed for the new option. Experimentally available hadron-nucleon cross sections from the particle data group have been implemented in BOX2 and HDPM, the constants C(16), C(17), C(31), C(32), CKA(15) and CKA(16) are no longer used. The interaction length statistics for muons has been renamed to decay length statistics (format in routine OUTPUT). Routines BOX60 to BOX63 use now the experimental annihilation cross sections. In NUCINT the new interaction mean free pathes have been included for pions and kaons. Because we do not need longer the common ADDCST the constants CAD(.) have no longer to be written to the run header. For compatibility reasons we keep the structure in the header unchanged. In routine VHMESO the statement IF ( SECPAR(3) .GE. C(29) ) GOTO 7 was wrong. We corrected this error and restructured the treatment of the angular cuts. The calculation of EKINL for heavy primaries in routine NUCINT was wrong. It is now calculated for all particles in the same way. The calculation of the point of next interaction for particles with competing decay and interaction has been refined in BOX2. In the EGS routines, the common CLOCK has been renamed to ACLOCK to avoid problems with internal function CLOCK of some compilers. Some minor changes. All decks that have been effected by changes since CORSIKA 3.03 are: DATACRD, EXPLAIN, DPMFLG, NEUTR, AVAGE, BLOCKDAT, BOX2, BOX60, BOX61, BOX62, BOX63, DATAC, EGS, hdpm, HMESON, ISOBAR, MITAGE, NIHILA, NUCINT, OUTPUT, SDPM, SINGLE, START, VHMESO, AIR, NCSNCS, SIGM ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.03 : from 1.10. 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Variable ELEFT introduced in common ETHMAP. It contains the sum of the energy of all particles on the stack. It is printed out in routine OUTPUT with each particle being mapped to see how much computing time is still necessary for a long running shower. In routine OUTPUT the common ETHMAP was added and the printout of particles has been extended by ELEFT. In routine ISTACK the commons ETHMAP and PAM were added and the calculation of the new ELEFT when a particle was taken from or written to the stack In MAIN the output format of the header line was changed. In routine HDPM the statements C EXCESS OF CHARGED PARTICLE WHICH COME FROM AIR TARGET C IS GIVEN BY SUBROUTINE DIFRAC IN CASE OF DIFFRACTION ANCJ = FLOAT(NC1) have to be moved before the statement C CHARGED PARTICLES FROM TARGET BNCJ = XZ * ANCJ IF (NCH .LE. 1) ISEL=1 ...... In routine HDPM after the statement 1009 CONTINUE the statement NCH = NPC has to be included and before the comment C NOW NCH = (NNC+KKC)*2 + NPC the statement I = I + 1 was missing and has been added. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.02 : from 16.4. 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To avoid double initialization of coordinates for incident pi 0 in program MAIN change the statement T = -100. to IF ( CURPAR(1) .LE. 3. ) T = -100. Error in parametrization of position and width of gaussian in routines DIFRAC and HDPM corrected. Replace in DIFRAC: C WIDTH OF GAUSSIAN FOR THE FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM DPI1 = 0.146429D0 * E1LOG + 0.1641717D0 C POSITION IN CMS OF FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM SPI1 = 0.11987884D0 * E1LOG + 0.25484387D0 by the code C WIDTH OF GAUSSIAN FOR THE FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM DPI1 = 0.11987884D0 * E1LOG + 0.25484387D0 C POSITION IN CMS OF FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM SPI1 = 0.146429D0 * E1LOG + 0.1641717D0 Replace in HDPM : C SOME CALCULATION ; FINAL POSITION CALCULATED LATER SPIO = 0.11987884D0 * ELABLG + 0.25484387D0 C WIDTH GAUSSIAN FOR CHARGED SECONDARIES DPIO = 0.146429D0 * ELABLG + 0.1641717D0 by the code C SOME CALCULATION ; FINAL POSITION CALCULATED LATER SPIO = 0.146429D0 * ELABLG + 0.1641717D0 C WIDTH GAUSSIAN FOR CHARGED SECONDARIES DPIO = 0.11987884D0 * ELABLG + 0.25484387D0 All distances in NKG, AVAGE, MITAGE, ININKG have been changed to cm instead of meters to fit to the rest of the program. New routine NIHILA giving better kinematics of secondary particles. Therefore as well the initialization of the array CAN had to be changed. In routine AVEPT the calculation of ratio of Pt for nucleons, pions and kaons was changed AVPT = 1.D0 + AVPT AVPK = 1.D0 + AVPK AVPN = 1.D0 + AVPN by the statements C SET AVERAGE PT RELATED TO AVERAGE PT FOR PIONS AVPK = 1.3D0 * AVPK / AVPT AVPN = 1.3D0 * AVPN / AVPT AVPT = 1.3D0 In subroutine UPHI it is saver to insert SAVE A,B,C The data card input for selecting debug output has been changed. Now the logical unit for debug output can be chosen, too. The default value for MDEBUG is 6. The printout in routine START has been slightly modified and MDEBUG is no longer set in BLOCKDATA. The routine PIGEN has been changed and the routines PIGEN1 and PIGEN2 have been added to allow photons producing one or more hadrons, for high energies via the routine HDPM. PHOTON, HDPM and SLEAPA have been modified for this reason. Commented debug statements improved in all EGS routines. Routine AUSGB2 is now an ENTRY in routine AUSGAB. Changes in PHOTON ================= In routine PHOTON after the call to PIGEN IF (NP.EQ.0) THEN IRCODE=2 RETURN END IF has to be inserted. Changes in HDPM =============== In the beginning of routine HDPM the calculation of ELAB and PLAB has been modified to C CALCULATE LAB AND CM ENERGY IF ( ITYPE .EQ. 1 ) THEN ELAB = GAMMA PLAB = ELAB GNU = 1 ELSE ELAB = PAMA(ITYPE) * GAMMA PLAB = ELAB * BETA ENDIF The calculation of the number of collisions in target is not performed for gammas. changed to C CHOSE NUMBER OF INTERACTIONS IN TARGET ,IF NOT GAMMA INITIATED IF ( ITYPE .NE. 1 ) THEN C NFLAIN = 1 : AVERAGE INTERACTIONS IN TARGET IS TAKEN C NFLAIN = 0 : NUMBER OF INTERACTIONS IN TARGET CHOSEN BY MC IF ( NFLAIN .EQ. 1 ) THEN GNU = 0.575D0 * (1.D0 + 0.041D0 * ELABLG) * TAR**0.31D0 IF (DEBUG) WRITE(MDEBUG,*) 'NFLAIN=1 GNU=',GNU ELSE ......... ......... ......... C NUMBER OF COLLISIONS IN TARGET 7332 CONTINUE GNU = FLOAT(JL) ENDIF ENDIF The calculation of the rapidity of center of mass system in lab has been improved C RAPIDITY OF CENTER OF MASS SYSTEM IN LAB YCM = 0.5D0 * LOG( (ELAB + PAMA(14) + PLAB) / * (ELAB + PAMA(14) - PLAB) ) Before the return point for wrong calculation an if statement has to be introduced. The code looks then like this: C EXCESS OF CHARGED PARTICLE WHICH COME FROM AIR TARGET ANCI0 = 2. * VNEG0 C FOR GAMMA-INDUCED REACTION TAKE PI0 AS LEADING PARTICLE IF ( ITYPE .EQ. 1 ) ITYPE = 7 C RETURN POINT IF CALCULATION OF PARTICLES GOES WRONG 1 CONTINUE Diffractive interactions are forbidden for gamma induced interactions. Now the comment and the if statement has to be changed to: C NO DIFFRACTION IF C THE NUMBER OF INTERACTIONS IN TARGET IS CHOSEN RANDOMLY C AND MORE THAN ONE INTERACTION TAKES PLACE C OR PRIMARY PARTICLE IS GAMMA (PI0) C NOW NFLDIF DECIDES WETHER DIFFRACTIVE PROCESS POSSIBLE OR NOT IF ( ( NFLAIN.EQ.0 .AND. GNU.GT.1.D0 .AND. NFLDIF.EQ.0 ) * .OR. ( ITYPE .EQ. 7 ) ) THEN IDIF = 0 ELSE Charge exchange reactions for incident PI0s is included after the call of SLEAPA IF ( RD(1) .LE. CHFF ) CALL SLEAPA ELSEIF ( ITYPE. EQ. 7 ) THEN C TEST IF CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTION FOR PI0 C ASSUME 50% CHARGE EXCHANGE FOR GAMMA INITIATED INTERACTION CALL RMMAR(RD,1,1) IF ( RD(1) .LE. 0.5 ) CALL SLEAPA ENDIF ENDIF Changes in SLEAPA ================= Charge exchange for pi0 is added: IF ( RD(1) .LE. 0.5 ) THEN C REACTION WITH NEUTRON (CHARGE EXCHANGE ALLOWED FOR PI0 PI+ K+ K0) C NEUTRON ALWAYS CHANGED TO PROTON C CHARGE EXCHANGE FLAG IFRA IS SET C PI0 + NEUTRON --> PI- + PROTON IF ( LEPAR1 .EQ. 7 ) THEN LEPAR1 = 9 LEPAR2 = 14 IFRA = 1 C PI+ + NEUTRON --> PI0 + PROTON ELSEIF ( LEPAR1 .EQ. 8 ) THEN .......... .......... .......... ELSE C REACTION WITH PROTON (CHARGE EXCHANGE ALLOWED FOR pi0 PI- K- K0) C PROTON ALWAYS CHANGED TO NEUTRON C CHARGE EXCHANGE FLAG IFRA IS SET C PI0 + PROTON --> PI+ + NEUTRON IF ( LEPAR1 .EQ. 7 ) THEN LEPAR1 = 8 LEPAR2 = 13 IFRA = 1 C PI- + PROTON --> PI0 + NEUTRON ELSEIF ( LEPAR1 .EQ. 9 ) THEN ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.01 : from 28.1. 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To avoid the high values in the printout of the electron lateral distribution from NKG (Union Jack) replace the 2 divisions in the following statement in routine AVAGE by multiplications. remove WRITE(MONIOU,512) DISX(0), * (CZY(I,IOL)/RMLSQI(IOL),I=10,-10,-2), * (CZY(J,IOL)/RMLSQI(IOL),J=10-1,-10+1,-2) add WRITE(MONIOU,512) DISX(0), * (CZY(I,IOL)*RMLSQI(IOL),I=10,-10,-2), * (CZY(J,IOL)*RMLSQI(IOL),J=10-1,-10+1,-2) At the end of routine NKG the 4 statements YM = SMRM * SQRT(...) have been replaced by YM = SMRM * MAX(SQRT(...),1.D-5) to avoid YM = 0 and the resulting divide check. In MAIN the statement SBBIN(30) = 1.D70 was changed to SBBIN(30) = 1.D37 to avoid problems for VAX-type calculators. At the end of routine ANNIH in the EGS part the code was slightly modified to avoid neg. arguments of a sqrt by rounding. The statements COSTHE = MIN(1.,(ESG1-RM)*POT/ESG1) SINTHE = SQRT(1.0-COSTHE*COSTHE) were changed to COSTHE = (ESG1-RM)*POT/ESG1 SINTHE = SQRT(MAX(0.,1.0-COSTHE*COSTHE)) and the statements COSTHE = MIN(1.,(ESG2-RM)*POT/ESG2) SINTHE = -SQRT(1.0-COSTHE*COSTHE) were changed to COSTHE = (ESG1-RM)*POT/ESG1 SINTHE = -SQRT(MAX(0.,1.0-COSTHE*COSTHE)) In subroutine START the line IF ( FEGS .AND. NSEQ .LT. 2 ) NSEQ = 2 has been introduced before the initialization of the random generator to avoid problems if EGS should be used but only 1 SEED data card has been supplied. In subroutine ISOBAR in the do loop GOTO 101 changed into GOTO 102 and labeled statement 102 introduced to improve energy conservation DO 101 J=1,INOPI ..... IF ( CTHETA .LT. C(27) ) GOTO 102 ..... IF ( SECPAR(3) .LT. C(29) ) GOTO 102 ..... 102 CONTINUE IF ( RESTE .LE. PAMA(14) ) GOTO 110 101 CONTINUE In subroutine ININKG the Moliere radius was calculated in cm instead of meters as expected by NKG. The statements RMOL (1) = RMGCM / RHOF(OBSATI(1)) ... RMOL (2) = RMGCM / RHOF(OBSATI(2)) were changed to RMOL (1) = 1.D-2 * RMGCM / RHOF(OBSATI(1)) ... RMOL (2) = 1.D-2 * RMGCM / RHOF(OBSATI(2)) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 3.00 : from 5.12. 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routine PTRANS made more effective (less rejections). Parameter changed to PCUTOFF = 20. for all purposes. Function PAMA changed into array PAMA which is filled by PAMAF; all particle masses only taken from array PAMA (C(1), C(8)... removed) Function PTRAN changed to compute as well PT in x and y direction. Computation of parameter k for neg. binomial distribution changed and taken into routine RNEGBI. Subroutine NKG structure optimized. Routine INIDPM renamed to ININKG because only NKG variables were set initialization of RMOL as a function of h corrected and placed in ININKG array CZX and CZX2 combined (analog for CZY, CZXY, CZYX). Second NKG level information added to printout. OUPNKG removed. subroutine HDPM corrected error in calculating momentum balance charge exchange allowed as well for K0 structure optimized calculation of average PT taken out of routines HDPM and DIFRAC to routine AVEPT. subroutine NUCINT corrected error in K0L decays Kaon decays taken in a separate routine KDECAY Calculation of angle PHI corrected in EGS routines. Particles in VHMESO allowed to be emitted backward in cm system. VHMESO streamlined and adapted to HMESON. Energy conservation in HMESON and VHMESO improved. Antineutron proton annihilation in NIHILA corrected by changing NPIPOS and NPINEG; now charge is conserved for this case. Explicit reset of DATAB array to avoid problems with very small showers. Error in charge assignment to pions in routine NIHILA removed. Output blocking changed from 30 * 273 to 21 * 273 words per block to use effectively the IBM mass storage system. Routine DATAC added to improve data card input for program steering (see example at the beginning of the program). Height of 1. interaction can be fixed by a data card. Some commons reorganized, local variables removed. Some minor changes to improve runtime and readability. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2.06 : from 2. 7. 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ method for calculating mean free path of nuclei changed from FP(A) = FP(p) / A**.666 to FP(A) = FP(p) * 14.56**0.72 / (14.56**.333 + A**.333 - 1.12)**2 routine FLUCM replaced by routine RNEGBI, which gives random numbers distributed like the real negative binomial distribution and not the approximated gamma distribution. routine PAMA improved for masses below 30 AMUs. routine HMESON streamlined. routine DECAY3 modified to be called as well for heavy meson decays in pi or K mesons (replacing HMESON and VHMESO in future). routine GAMA1 replaced by streamlined routine GAM. local variables removed from common blocks. unused common blocks removed from routines. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ only minor changes in printer output formats ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2.04 : from 8. 6.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ improved coordinate corrections for skew EM induced NKG calculations. particle counting for first interaction of shower. energy cut for secondaries corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2.03 : from 31. 5.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ time calculation for muons with multiple scattering in UPDATE corrected. avoid some ATAN calculations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2.02 : from 23. 5.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ height of 1. interaction for inclined showers corrected. asymmetric generation of secondaries in HDPM corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2.01 : from 24. 4.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ extension of common ELABCUT array ELCUT to contain kin. energy cuts for hadrons, muons, electrons and photons separately. consequently changes everywhere where ELCUT is used, especially the data card input is now 3 words longer. application of angular cuts to particles in EGS and the new NUCINT of version 2.0. HDPM got a new parametrization including TEVATRON data. SDPM allows now more than 25 nucleons to interact. plus some minor changes ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 2 : from 2. 4.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 and 3 body decays treated more exactly by new routines DECAY2, DECAY3 consequently changes in BOX3 for muon decay in NUCINT for kaon decay in PI0DEC for pi0 decay in common KAONS array CKA extended in BLOCK DATA and START array CKA initialized In addition some formal changes in EGS, ISTACK, SEKDAT plus some minor changes ------------------------------------------------------------------------ C O R S I K A Version 1 : from 7. 2.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ multiple collisions in target and projectile were randomly allowed. new rapidity distribution for pi 0 according to collider data. no diffractive process at second interaction in a nucleus. diffractive interaction possible down to low energies. charge exchange reactions possible. Argon in the air was taken into account. cross section everywhere energy dependent. correct kinematics in pi 0 decays. modified EGS4 adapted to the program (special speed up, barom. change of density, muon pair production). photoproduction of hadrons included in EGS (simple model). NKG formulas extended to treat electrons as well improved mean free paths for different particles in air. new random generator with indep. sequences and huge period implemented. plus many major and minor changes ======================================================================== History : a first version of the simulation program consisted of a program of P.K.F. Grieder for hadronic interactions at energies below 10 GeV, a dual parton model based routine (according J.N. Capdevielle) to simulate high energetic hadronic interactions and the NKG formulas for treating gammas from pi 0 decays. The structure of the atmosphere was used in a parametrization from J. Linsley. To allow for nucleus- nucleus and nucleon-nucleus collisions a simple model was applied based on nuclear densities. This program (CTG58) was used to simulate a first set of data. ------------------------------------------------------------------------