"""
The figure module provides the top-level
:class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, the :class:`Figure`, which
contains all the plot elements. The following classes are defined
:class:`SubplotParams`
control the default spacing of the subplots
:class:`Figure`
top level container for all plot elements
"""
from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
unicode_literals)
import six
import warnings
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import rcParams
from matplotlib import docstring
from matplotlib import __version__ as _mpl_version
import matplotlib.artist as martist
from matplotlib.artist import Artist, allow_rasterization
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
from matplotlib.cbook import Stack, iterable
from matplotlib import image as mimage
from matplotlib.image import FigureImage
import matplotlib.colorbar as cbar
from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
from matplotlib.blocking_input import BlockingMouseInput, BlockingKeyMouseInput
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
from matplotlib.legend import Legend
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
from matplotlib.projections import (get_projection_names,
process_projection_requirements)
from matplotlib.text import Text, _process_text_args
from matplotlib.transforms import (Affine2D, Bbox, BboxTransformTo,
TransformedBbox)
from matplotlib.backend_bases import NonGuiException
docstring.interpd.update(projection_names=get_projection_names())
def _stale_figure_callback(self, val):
if self.figure:
self.figure.stale = val
class AxesStack(Stack):
"""
Specialization of the Stack to handle all tracking of Axes in a Figure.
This stack stores ``key, (ind, axes)`` pairs, where:
* **key** should be a hash of the args and kwargs
used in generating the Axes.
* **ind** is a serial number for tracking the order
in which axes were added.
The AxesStack is a callable, where ``ax_stack()`` returns
the current axes. Alternatively the :meth:`current_key_axes` will
return the current key and associated axes.
"""
def __init__(self):
Stack.__init__(self)
self._ind = 0
def as_list(self):
"""
Return a list of the Axes instances that have been added to the figure
"""
ia_list = [a for k, a in self._elements]
ia_list.sort()
return [a for i, a in ia_list]
def get(self, key):
"""
Return the Axes instance that was added with *key*.
If it is not present, return None.
"""
item = dict(self._elements).get(key)
if item is None:
return None
cbook.warn_deprecated(
"2.1",
"Adding an axes using the same arguments as a previous axes "
"currently reuses the earlier instance. In a future version, "
"a new instance will always be created and returned. Meanwhile, "
"this warning can be suppressed, and the future behavior ensured, "
"by passing a unique label to each axes instance.")
return item[1]
def _entry_from_axes(self, e):
ind, k = {a: (ind, k) for k, (ind, a) in self._elements}[e]
return (k, (ind, e))
def remove(self, a):
"""Remove the axes from the stack."""
Stack.remove(self, self._entry_from_axes(a))
def bubble(self, a):
"""
Move the given axes, which must already exist in the
stack, to the top.
"""
return Stack.bubble(self, self._entry_from_axes(a))
def add(self, key, a):
"""
Add Axes *a*, with key *key*, to the stack, and return the stack.
If *key* is unhashable, replace it by a unique, arbitrary object.
If *a* is already on the stack, don't add it again, but
return *None*.
"""
# All the error checking may be unnecessary; but this method
# is called so seldom that the overhead is negligible.
if not isinstance(a, Axes):
raise ValueError("second argument, {!r}, is not an Axes".format(a))
try:
hash(key)
except TypeError:
key = object()
a_existing = self.get(key)
if a_existing is not None:
Stack.remove(self, (key, a_existing))
warnings.warn(
"key {!r} already existed; Axes is being replaced".format(key))
# I don't think the above should ever happen.
if a in self:
return None
self._ind += 1
return Stack.push(self, (key, (self._ind, a)))
def current_key_axes(self):
"""
Return a tuple of ``(key, axes)`` for the active axes.
If no axes exists on the stack, then returns ``(None, None)``.
"""
if not len(self._elements):
return self._default, self._default
else:
key, (index, axes) = self._elements[self._pos]
return key, axes
def __call__(self):
return self.current_key_axes()[1]
def __contains__(self, a):
return a in self.as_list()
class SubplotParams(object):
"""
A class to hold the parameters for a subplot
"""
def __init__(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None):
"""
All dimensions are fraction of the figure width or height.
All values default to their rc params
The following attributes are available
left : 0.125
The left side of the subplots of the figure
right : 0.9
The right side of the subplots of the figure
bottom : 0.1
The bottom of the subplots of the figure
top : 0.9
The top of the subplots of the figure
wspace : 0.2
The amount of width reserved for blank space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis width
hspace : 0.2
The amount of height reserved for white space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis height
"""
self.validate = True
self.update(left, bottom, right, top, wspace, hspace)
def update(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None):
"""
Update the current values. If any kwarg is None, default to
the current value, if set, otherwise to rc
"""
thisleft = getattr(self, 'left', None)
thisright = getattr(self, 'right', None)
thistop = getattr(self, 'top', None)
thisbottom = getattr(self, 'bottom', None)
thiswspace = getattr(self, 'wspace', None)
thishspace = getattr(self, 'hspace', None)
self._update_this('left', left)
self._update_this('right', right)
self._update_this('bottom', bottom)
self._update_this('top', top)
self._update_this('wspace', wspace)
self._update_this('hspace', hspace)
def reset():
self.left = thisleft
self.right = thisright
self.top = thistop
self.bottom = thisbottom
self.wspace = thiswspace
self.hspace = thishspace
if self.validate:
if self.left >= self.right:
reset()
raise ValueError('left cannot be >= right')
if self.bottom >= self.top:
reset()
raise ValueError('bottom cannot be >= top')
def _update_this(self, s, val):
if val is None:
val = getattr(self, s, None)
if val is None:
key = 'figure.subplot.' + s
val = rcParams[key]
setattr(self, s, val)
class Figure(Artist):
"""
The Figure instance supports callbacks through a *callbacks*
attribute which is a :class:`matplotlib.cbook.CallbackRegistry`
instance. The events you can connect to are 'dpi_changed', and
the callback will be called with ``func(fig)`` where fig is the
:class:`Figure` instance.
*patch*
The figure patch is drawn by a
:class:`matplotlib.patches.Rectangle` instance
*suppressComposite*
For multiple figure images, the figure will make composite
images depending on the renderer option_image_nocomposite
function. If suppressComposite is True|False, this will
override the renderer.
"""
def __str__(self):
return "Figure(%gx%g)" % tuple(self.bbox.size)
def __init__(self,
figsize=None, # defaults to rc figure.figsize
dpi=None, # defaults to rc figure.dpi
facecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.facecolor
edgecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.edgecolor
linewidth=0.0, # the default linewidth of the frame
frameon=None, # whether or not to draw the figure frame
subplotpars=None, # default to rc
tight_layout=None, # default to rc figure.autolayout
):
"""
*figsize*
w,h tuple in inches
*dpi*
Dots per inch
*facecolor*
The figure patch facecolor; defaults to rc ``figure.facecolor``
*edgecolor*
The figure patch edge color; defaults to rc ``figure.edgecolor``
*linewidth*
The figure patch edge linewidth; the default linewidth of the frame
*frameon*
If *False*, suppress drawing the figure frame
*subplotpars*
A :class:`SubplotParams` instance, defaults to rc
*tight_layout*
If *False* use *subplotpars*; if *True* adjust subplot
parameters using :meth:`tight_layout` with default padding.
When providing a dict containing the keys `pad`, `w_pad`, `h_pad`
and `rect`, the default :meth:`tight_layout` paddings will be
overridden.
Defaults to rc ``figure.autolayout``.
"""
Artist.__init__(self)
# remove the non-figure artist _axes property
# as it makes no sense for a figure to be _in_ an axes
# this is used by the property methods in the artist base class
# which are over-ridden in this class
del self._axes
self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
if figsize is None:
figsize = rcParams['figure.figsize']
if dpi is None:
dpi = rcParams['figure.dpi']
if facecolor is None:
facecolor = rcParams['figure.facecolor']
if edgecolor is None:
edgecolor = rcParams['figure.edgecolor']
if frameon is None:
frameon = rcParams['figure.frameon']
if not np.isfinite(figsize).all():
raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not '
'{}'.format(figsize))
self.bbox_inches = Bbox.from_bounds(0, 0, *figsize)
self.dpi_scale_trans = Affine2D().scale(dpi, dpi)
# do not use property as it will trigger
self._dpi = dpi
self.bbox = TransformedBbox(self.bbox_inches, self.dpi_scale_trans)
self.frameon = frameon
self.transFigure = BboxTransformTo(self.bbox)
self.patch = Rectangle(
xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1,
facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, linewidth=linewidth)
self._set_artist_props(self.patch)
self.patch.set_aa(False)
self._hold = rcParams['axes.hold']
if self._hold is None:
self._hold = True
self.canvas = None
self._suptitle = None
if subplotpars is None:
subplotpars = SubplotParams()
self.subplotpars = subplotpars
self.set_tight_layout(tight_layout)
self._axstack = AxesStack() # track all figure axes and current axes
self.clf()
self._cachedRenderer = None
@property
@cbook.deprecated("2.1", alternative="Figure.patch")
def figurePatch(self):
return self.patch
# TODO: I'd like to dynamically add the _repr_html_ method
# to the figure in the right context, but then IPython doesn't
# use it, for some reason.
def _repr_html_(self):
# We can't use "isinstance" here, because then we'd end up importing
# webagg unconditiionally.
if (self.canvas is not None and
'WebAgg' in self.canvas.__class__.__name__):
from matplotlib.backends import backend_webagg
return backend_webagg.ipython_inline_display(self)
def show(self, warn=True):
"""
If using a GUI backend with pyplot, display the figure window.
If the figure was not created using
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, it will lack a
:class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureManagerBase`, and
will raise an AttributeError.
For non-GUI backends, this does nothing, in which case
a warning will be issued if *warn* is True (default).
"""
try:
manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager')
except AttributeError as err:
raise AttributeError("%s\n"
"Figure.show works only "
"for figures managed by pyplot, normally "
"created by pyplot.figure()." % err)
if manager is not None:
try:
manager.show()
return
except NonGuiException:
pass
if warn:
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"matplotlib is currently using a non-GUI backend, "
"so cannot show the figure")
def _get_axes(self):
return self._axstack.as_list()
axes = property(fget=_get_axes, doc="Read-only: list of axes in Figure")
def _get_dpi(self):
return self._dpi
def _set_dpi(self, dpi, forward=True):
"""
The forward kwarg is passed on to set_size_inches
"""
self._dpi = dpi
self.dpi_scale_trans.clear().scale(dpi, dpi)
w, h = self.get_size_inches()
self.set_size_inches(w, h, forward=forward)
self.callbacks.process('dpi_changed', self)
dpi = property(_get_dpi, _set_dpi)
def get_tight_layout(self):
"""
Return the Boolean flag, True to use :meth:`tight_layout` when drawing.
"""
return self._tight
def set_tight_layout(self, tight):
"""
Set whether :meth:`tight_layout` is used upon drawing.
If None, the rcParams['figure.autolayout'] value will be set.
When providing a dict containing the keys `pad`, `w_pad`, `h_pad`
and `rect`, the default :meth:`tight_layout` paddings will be
overridden.
ACCEPTS: [True | False | dict | None ]
"""
if tight is None:
tight = rcParams['figure.autolayout']
self._tight = bool(tight)
self._tight_parameters = tight if isinstance(tight, dict) else {}
self.stale = True
def autofmt_xdate(self, bottom=0.2, rotation=30, ha='right', which=None):
"""
Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them
and right align them. Also, a common use case is a number of
subplots with shared xaxes where the x-axis is date data. The
ticklabels are often long, and it helps to rotate them on the
bottom subplot and turn them off on other subplots, as well as
turn off xlabels.
Parameters
----------
bottom : scalar
The bottom of the subplots for :meth:`subplots_adjust`
rotation : angle in degrees
The rotation of the xtick labels
ha : string
The horizontal alignment of the xticklabels
which : {None, 'major', 'minor', 'both'}
Selects which ticklabels to rotate (default is None which works
same as major)
"""
allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'is_last_row') for ax in self.axes)
if len(self.axes) == 1:
for label in self.axes[0].get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_ha(ha)
label.set_rotation(rotation)
else:
if allsubplots:
for ax in self.get_axes():
if ax.is_last_row():
for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_ha(ha)
label.set_rotation(rotation)
else:
for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_visible(False)
ax.set_xlabel('')
if allsubplots:
self.subplots_adjust(bottom=bottom)
self.stale = True
def get_children(self):
'get a list of artists contained in the figure'
children = [self.patch]
children.extend(self.artists)
children.extend(self.axes)
children.extend(self.lines)
children.extend(self.patches)
children.extend(self.texts)
children.extend(self.images)
children.extend(self.legends)
return children
def contains(self, mouseevent):
"""
Test whether the mouse event occurred on the figure.
Returns True, {}.
"""
if callable(self._contains):
return self._contains(self, mouseevent)
inside = self.bbox.contains(mouseevent.x, mouseevent.y)
return inside, {}
def get_window_extent(self, *args, **kwargs):
'get the figure bounding box in display space; kwargs are void'
return self.bbox
def suptitle(self, t, **kwargs):
"""
Add a centered title to the figure.
kwargs are :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` properties. Using figure
coordinates, the defaults are:
x : 0.5
The x location of the text in figure coords
y : 0.98
The y location of the text in figure coords
horizontalalignment : 'center'
The horizontal alignment of the text
verticalalignment : 'top'
The vertical alignment of the text
If the `fontproperties` keyword argument is given then the
rcParams defaults for `fontsize` (`figure.titlesize`) and
`fontweight` (`figure.titleweight`) will be ignored in favour
of the `FontProperties` defaults.
A :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` instance is returned.
Example::
fig.suptitle('this is the figure title', fontsize=12)
"""
x = kwargs.pop('x', 0.5)
y = kwargs.pop('y', 0.98)
if ('horizontalalignment' not in kwargs) and ('ha' not in kwargs):
kwargs['horizontalalignment'] = 'center'
if ('verticalalignment' not in kwargs) and ('va' not in kwargs):
kwargs['verticalalignment'] = 'top'
if 'fontproperties' not in kwargs:
if 'fontsize' not in kwargs and 'size' not in kwargs:
kwargs['size'] = rcParams['figure.titlesize']
if 'fontweight' not in kwargs and 'weight' not in kwargs:
kwargs['weight'] = rcParams['figure.titleweight']
sup = self.text(x, y, t, **kwargs)
if self._suptitle is not None:
self._suptitle.set_text(t)
self._suptitle.set_position((x, y))
self._suptitle.update_from(sup)
sup.remove()
else:
self._suptitle = sup
self.stale = True
return self._suptitle
def set_canvas(self, canvas):
"""
Set the canvas that contains the figure
ACCEPTS: a FigureCanvas instance
"""
self.canvas = canvas
@cbook.deprecated("2.0")
def hold(self, b=None):
"""
Set the hold state. If hold is None (default), toggle the
hold state. Else set the hold state to boolean value b.
e.g.::
hold() # toggle hold
hold(True) # hold is on
hold(False) # hold is off
All "hold" machinery is deprecated.
"""
if b is None:
self._hold = not self._hold
else:
self._hold = b
def figimage(self, X,
xo=0,
yo=0,
alpha=None,
norm=None,
cmap=None,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
origin=None,
resize=False,
**kwargs):
"""
Adds a non-resampled image to the figure.
call signatures::
figimage(X, **kwargs)
adds a non-resampled array *X* to the figure.
::
figimage(X, xo, yo)
with pixel offsets *xo*, *yo*,
*X* must be a float array:
* If *X* is MxN, assume luminance (grayscale)
* If *X* is MxNx3, assume RGB
* If *X* is MxNx4, assume RGBA
Optional keyword arguments:
========= =========================================================
Keyword Description
========= =========================================================
resize a boolean, True or False. If "True", then re-size the
Figure to match the given image size.
xo or yo An integer, the *x* and *y* image offset in pixels
cmap a :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap` instance, e.g.,
cm.jet. If *None*, default to the rc ``image.cmap``
value
norm a :class:`matplotlib.colors.Normalize` instance. The
default is normalization(). This scales luminance -> 0-1
vmin|vmax are used to scale a luminance image to 0-1. If either
is *None*, the min and max of the luminance values will
be used. Note if you pass a norm instance, the settings
for *vmin* and *vmax* will be ignored.
alpha the alpha blending value, default is *None*
origin [ 'upper' | 'lower' ] Indicates where the [0,0] index of
the array is in the upper left or lower left corner of
the axes. Defaults to the rc image.origin value
========= =========================================================
figimage complements the axes image
(:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow`) which will be resampled
to fit the current axes. If you want a resampled image to
fill the entire figure, you can define an
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` with extent [0,0,1,1].
An :class:`matplotlib.image.FigureImage` instance is returned.
Additional kwargs are Artist kwargs passed on to
:class:`~matplotlib.image.FigureImage`
"""
if not self._hold:
self.clf()
if resize:
dpi = self.get_dpi()
figsize = [x / float(dpi) for x in (X.shape[1], X.shape[0])]
self.set_size_inches(figsize, forward=True)
im = FigureImage(self, cmap, norm, xo, yo, origin, **kwargs)
im.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
im.set_array(X)
im.set_alpha(alpha)
if norm is None:
im.set_clim(vmin, vmax)
self.images.append(im)
im._remove_method = lambda h: self.images.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return im
def set_size_inches(self, w, h=None, forward=True):
"""Set the figure size in inches (1in == 2.54cm)
Usage ::
fig.set_size_inches(w, h) # OR
fig.set_size_inches((w, h))
optional kwarg *forward=True* will cause the canvas size to be
automatically updated; e.g., you can resize the figure window
from the shell
ACCEPTS: a w, h tuple with w, h in inches
See Also
--------
matplotlib.Figure.get_size_inches
"""
# the width and height have been passed in as a tuple to the first
# argument, so unpack them
if h is None:
w, h = w
if not all(np.isfinite(_) for _ in (w, h)):
raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not '
'({}, {})'.format(w, h))
self.bbox_inches.p1 = w, h
if forward:
canvas = getattr(self, 'canvas')
if canvas is not None:
ratio = getattr(self.canvas, '_dpi_ratio', 1)
dpival = self.dpi / ratio
canvasw = w * dpival
canvash = h * dpival
manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None)
if manager is not None:
manager.resize(int(canvasw), int(canvash))
self.stale = True
def get_size_inches(self):
"""
Returns the current size of the figure in inches (1in == 2.54cm)
as an numpy array.
Returns
-------
size : ndarray
The size of the figure in inches
See Also
--------
matplotlib.Figure.set_size_inches
"""
return np.array(self.bbox_inches.p1)
def get_edgecolor(self):
'Get the edge color of the Figure rectangle'
return self.patch.get_edgecolor()
def get_facecolor(self):
'Get the face color of the Figure rectangle'
return self.patch.get_facecolor()
def get_figwidth(self):
'Return the figwidth as a float'
return self.bbox_inches.width
def get_figheight(self):
'Return the figheight as a float'
return self.bbox_inches.height
def get_dpi(self):
'Return the dpi as a float'
return self.dpi
def get_frameon(self):
'get the boolean indicating frameon'
return self.frameon
def set_edgecolor(self, color):
"""
Set the edge color of the Figure rectangle
ACCEPTS: any matplotlib color - see help(colors)
"""
self.patch.set_edgecolor(color)
def set_facecolor(self, color):
"""
Set the face color of the Figure rectangle
ACCEPTS: any matplotlib color - see help(colors)
"""
self.patch.set_facecolor(color)
def set_dpi(self, val):
"""
Set the dots-per-inch of the figure
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.dpi = val
self.stale = True
def set_figwidth(self, val, forward=False):
"""
Set the width of the figure in inches
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.set_size_inches(val, self.get_figheight(), forward=forward)
def set_figheight(self, val, forward=False):
"""
Set the height of the figure in inches
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.set_size_inches(self.get_figwidth(), val, forward=forward)
def set_frameon(self, b):
"""
Set whether the figure frame (background) is displayed or invisible
ACCEPTS: boolean
"""
self.frameon = b
self.stale = True
def delaxes(self, a):
'remove a from the figure and update the current axes'
self._axstack.remove(a)
for func in self._axobservers:
func(self)
self.stale = True
def _make_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
'make a hashable key out of args and kwargs'
def fixitems(items):
#items may have arrays and lists in them, so convert them
# to tuples for the key
ret = []
for k, v in items:
# some objects can define __getitem__ without being
# iterable and in those cases the conversion to tuples
# will fail. So instead of using the iterable(v) function
# we simply try and convert to a tuple, and proceed if not.
try:
v = tuple(v)
except Exception:
pass
ret.append((k, v))
return tuple(ret)
def fixlist(args):
ret = []
for a in args:
if iterable(a):
a = tuple(a)
ret.append(a)
return tuple(ret)
key = fixlist(args), fixitems(six.iteritems(kwargs))
return key
def add_axes(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add an axes at position *rect* [*left*, *bottom*, *width*,
*height*] where all quantities are in fractions of figure
width and height.
Parameters
----------
rect : sequence of float
A 4-length sequence of [left, bottom, width, height] quantities.
projection :
['aitoff' | 'hammer' | 'lambert' | 'mollweide' | \
'polar' | 'rectilinear'], optional
The projection type of the axes.
polar : boolean, optional
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
This method also takes the keyword arguments for
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`.
Returns
------
axes : Axes
The added axes.
Examples
--------
A simple example::
rect = l,b,w,h
fig.add_axes(rect)
fig.add_axes(rect, frameon=False, facecolor='g')
fig.add_axes(rect, polar=True)
fig.add_axes(rect, projection='polar')
fig.add_axes(ax)
If the figure already has an axes with the same parameters, then it
will simply make that axes current and return it. This behavior
has been deprecated as of Matplotlib 2.1. Meanwhile, if you do
not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a
new Axes), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes
:attr:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.label` attribute has been exposed for this
purpose: if you want two axes that are otherwise identical to be added
to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels::
fig.add_axes(rect, label='axes1')
fig.add_axes(rect, label='axes2')
In rare circumstances, add_axes may be called with a single
argument, an Axes instance already created in the present
figure but not in the figure's list of axes. For example,
if an axes has been removed with :meth:`delaxes`, it can
be restored with::
fig.add_axes(ax)
In all cases, the :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance
will be returned.
"""
if not len(args):
return
# shortcut the projection "key" modifications later on, if an axes
# with the exact args/kwargs exists, return it immediately.
key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs)
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if ax is not None:
self.sca(ax)
return ax
if isinstance(args[0], Axes):
a = args[0]
if a.get_figure() is not self:
msg = "The Axes must have been created in the present figure"
raise ValueError(msg)
else:
rect = args[0]
if not np.isfinite(rect).all():
raise ValueError('all entries in rect must be finite '
'not {}'.format(rect))
projection_class, kwargs, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, *args, **kwargs)
# check that an axes of this type doesn't already exist, if it
# does, set it as active and return it
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if isinstance(ax, projection_class):
self.sca(ax)
return ax
# create the new axes using the axes class given
a = projection_class(self, rect, **kwargs)
self._axstack.add(key, a)
self.sca(a)
a._remove_method = self.__remove_ax
self.stale = True
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
return a
def add_subplot(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add a subplot.
Parameters
----------
*args
Either a 3-digit integer or three separate integers
describing the position of the subplot. If the three
integers are I, J, and K, the subplot is the Ith plot on a
grid with J rows and K columns.
projection : ['aitoff' | 'hammer' | 'lambert' | \
'mollweide', 'polar' | 'rectilinear'], optional
The projection type of the axes.
polar : boolean, optional
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
This method also takes the keyword arguments for
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`.
Returns
-------
axes : Axes
The axes of the subplot.
Notes
-----
If the figure already has a subplot with key (*args*,
*kwargs*) then it will simply make that subplot current and
return it. This behavior is deprecated.
Examples
--------
fig.add_subplot(111)
# equivalent but more general
fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
# add subplot with red background
fig.add_subplot(212, facecolor='r')
# add a polar subplot
fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar')
# add Subplot instance sub
fig.add_subplot(sub)
See Also
--------
matplotlib.pyplot.subplot : for an explanation of the args.
"""
if not len(args):
return
if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], int):
if not 100 <= args[0] <= 999:
raise ValueError("Integer subplot specification must be a "
"three-digit number, not {}".format(args[0]))
args = tuple(map(int, str(args[0])))
if isinstance(args[0], SubplotBase):
a = args[0]
if a.get_figure() is not self:
msg = ("The Subplot must have been created in the present "
"figure")
raise ValueError(msg)
# make a key for the subplot (which includes the axes object id
# in the hash)
key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs)
else:
projection_class, kwargs, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, *args, **kwargs)
# try to find the axes with this key in the stack
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if ax is not None:
if isinstance(ax, projection_class):
# the axes already existed, so set it as active & return
self.sca(ax)
return ax
else:
# Undocumented convenience behavior:
# subplot(111); subplot(111, projection='polar')
# will replace the first with the second.
# Without this, add_subplot would be simpler and
# more similar to add_axes.
self._axstack.remove(ax)
a = subplot_class_factory(projection_class)(self, *args, **kwargs)
self._axstack.add(key, a)
self.sca(a)
a._remove_method = self.__remove_ax
self.stale = True
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
return a
def subplots(self, nrows=1, ncols=1, sharex=False, sharey=False,
squeeze=True, subplot_kw=None, gridspec_kw=None):
"""
Add a set of subplots to this figure.
Parameters
----------
nrows, ncols : int, default: 1
Number of rows/cols of the subplot grid.
sharex, sharey : bool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False
Controls sharing of properties among x (`sharex`) or y (`sharey`)
axes:
- True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all
subplots.
- False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be
independent.
- 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis.
- 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.
When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick
labels of the bottom subplot are visible. Similarly, when
subplots have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels
of the first column subplot are visible.
squeeze : bool, default: True
- If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned
axis object:
- if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the
resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar.
- for Nx1 or 1xN subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy
object array of Axes objects are returned as numpy 1D
arrays.
- for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D
arrays.
- If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object
is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends
up being 1x1.
subplot_kw : dict, default: {}
Dict with keywords passed to the
:meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot` call used to create
each subplots.
gridspec_kw : dict, default: {}
Dict with keywords passed to the
:class:`~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec` constructor used to create
the grid the subplots are placed on.
Returns
-------
ax : single Axes object or array of Axes objects
The added axes. The dimensions of the resulting array can be
controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above.
See Also
--------
pyplot.subplots : pyplot API; docstring includes examples.
"""
# for backwards compatibility
if isinstance(sharex, bool):
sharex = "all" if sharex else "none"
if isinstance(sharey, bool):
sharey = "all" if sharey else "none"
share_values = ["all", "row", "col", "none"]
if sharex not in share_values:
# This check was added because it is very easy to type
# `subplots(1, 2, 1)` when `subplot(1, 2, 1)` was intended.
# In most cases, no error will ever occur, but mysterious behavior
# will result because what was intended to be the subplot index is
# instead treated as a bool for sharex.
if isinstance(sharex, int):
warnings.warn(
"sharex argument to subplots() was an integer. "
"Did you intend to use subplot() (without 's')?")
raise ValueError("sharex [%s] must be one of %s" %
(sharex, share_values))
if sharey not in share_values:
raise ValueError("sharey [%s] must be one of %s" %
(sharey, share_values))
if subplot_kw is None:
subplot_kw = {}
if gridspec_kw is None:
gridspec_kw = {}
gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
# Create array to hold all axes.
axarr = np.empty((nrows, ncols), dtype=object)
for row in range(nrows):
for col in range(ncols):
shared_with = {"none": None, "all": axarr[0, 0],
"row": axarr[row, 0], "col": axarr[0, col]}
subplot_kw["sharex"] = shared_with[sharex]
subplot_kw["sharey"] = shared_with[sharey]
axarr[row, col] = self.add_subplot(gs[row, col], **subplot_kw)
# turn off redundant tick labeling
if sharex in ["col", "all"]:
# turn off all but the bottom row
for ax in axarr[:-1, :].flat:
ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
labelbottom=False, labeltop=False)
ax.xaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
if sharey in ["row", "all"]:
# turn off all but the first column
for ax in axarr[:, 1:].flat:
ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
labelleft=False, labelright=False)
ax.yaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
if squeeze:
# Discarding unneeded dimensions that equal 1. If we only have one
# subplot, just return it instead of a 1-element array.
return axarr.item() if axarr.size == 1 else axarr.squeeze()
else:
# Returned axis array will be always 2-d, even if nrows=ncols=1.
return axarr
def __remove_ax(self, ax):
def _reset_loc_form(axis):
axis.set_major_formatter(axis.get_major_formatter())
axis.set_major_locator(axis.get_major_locator())
axis.set_minor_formatter(axis.get_minor_formatter())
axis.set_minor_locator(axis.get_minor_locator())
def _break_share_link(ax, grouper):
siblings = grouper.get_siblings(ax)
if len(siblings) > 1:
grouper.remove(ax)
for last_ax in siblings:
if ax is last_ax:
continue
return last_ax
return None
self.delaxes(ax)
last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_y_axes)
if last_ax is not None:
_reset_loc_form(last_ax.yaxis)
last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_x_axes)
if last_ax is not None:
_reset_loc_form(last_ax.xaxis)
def clf(self, keep_observers=False):
"""
Clear the figure.
Set *keep_observers* to True if, for example,
a gui widget is tracking the axes in the figure.
"""
self.suppressComposite = None
self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
for ax in tuple(self.axes): # Iterate over the copy.
ax.cla()
self.delaxes(ax) # removes ax from self._axstack
toolbar = getattr(self.canvas, 'toolbar', None)
if toolbar is not None:
toolbar.update()
self._axstack.clear()
self.artists = []
self.lines = []
self.patches = []
self.texts = []
self.images = []
self.legends = []
if not keep_observers:
self._axobservers = []
self._suptitle = None
self.stale = True
def clear(self, keep_observers=False):
"""
Clear the figure -- synonym for :meth:`clf`.
"""
self.clf(keep_observers=keep_observers)
@allow_rasterization
def draw(self, renderer):
"""
Render the figure using :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.RendererBase`
instance *renderer*.
"""
# draw the figure bounding box, perhaps none for white figure
if not self.get_visible():
return
artists = sorted(
(artist for artist in (self.patches + self.lines + self.artists
+ self.images + self.axes + self.texts
+ self.legends)
if not artist.get_animated()),
key=lambda artist: artist.get_zorder())
try:
renderer.open_group('figure')
if self.get_tight_layout() and self.axes:
try:
self.tight_layout(renderer, **self._tight_parameters)
except ValueError:
pass
# ValueError can occur when resizing a window.
if self.frameon:
self.patch.draw(renderer)
mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
renderer.close_group('figure')
finally:
self.stale = False
self._cachedRenderer = renderer
self.canvas.draw_event(renderer)
def draw_artist(self, a):
"""
draw :class:`matplotlib.artist.Artist` instance *a* only --
this is available only after the figure is drawn
"""
if self._cachedRenderer is None:
msg = ('draw_artist can only be used after an initial draw which'
' caches the render')
raise AttributeError(msg)
a.draw(self._cachedRenderer)
def get_axes(self):
return self.axes
def legend(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Place a legend on the figure.
To make a legend from existing artists on every axes::
legend()
To make a legend for a list of lines and labels::
legend( (line1, line2, line3),
('label1', 'label2', 'label3'),
'upper right')
Parameters
----------
loc : string or integer
The location of the legend. Possible codes are:
=============== =============
Location String Location Code
=============== =============
'upper right' 1
'upper left' 2
'lower left' 3
'lower right' 4
'right' 5
'center left' 6
'center right' 7
'lower center' 8
'upper center' 9
'center' 10
=============== =============
*loc* can also be an (x,y) tuple in figure coords, which specifies
the lower left of the legend box. In figure coords (0,0) is the
bottom left of the figure, and (1,1) is the top right.
prop : None or FontProperties or dict
A :class:`matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties` instance. If
*prop* is a dictionary, a new instance will be created with *prop*.
If *None*, use rc settings.
numpoints : integer
The number of points in the legend line, default is 4
scatterpoints : integer
The number of points in the legend line, default is 4
scatteryoffsets : list of floats
A list of yoffsets for scatter symbols in legend
markerscale : None or scalar
The relative size of legend markers vs. original. If *None*, use rc
settings.
markerfirst : bool
If *True*, legend marker is placed to the left of the legend label.
If *False*, legend marker is placed to the right of the legend
label.
Default is *True*.
frameon : None or bool
Control whether the legend should be drawn on a patch (frame).
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.frameon`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
fancybox : None or bool
If *True*, draw a frame with a round fancybox. If *None*, use rc
settings.
shadow : None or bool
If *True*, draw a shadow behind legend. If *None*, use rc settings.
framealpha : None or float
Control the alpha transparency of the legend's background.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.framealpha`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
facecolor : None or "inherit" or a color spec
Control the legend's background color.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.facecolor`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
If ``"inherit"``, it will take the ``axes.facecolor``
:data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
edgecolor : None or "inherit" or a color spec
Control the legend's background patch edge color.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.edgecolor`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
If ``"inherit"``, it will take the ``axes.edgecolor``
:data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
ncol : integer
Number of columns. Default is 1.
mode : "expand" or None
If mode is "expand", the legend will be horizontally expanded
to fill the axes area (or *bbox_to_anchor*)
title : string
The legend title
borderpad : float or None
The fractional whitespace inside the legend border, measured in
font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.borderpad`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
labelspacing : float or None
The vertical space between the legend entries, measured in
font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.labelspacing`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
handlelength : float or None
The length of the legend handles, measured in font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.handlelength`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
handletextpad : float or None
The padding between the legend handle and text, measured in
font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.handletextpad`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
borderaxespad : float or None
The padding between the axes and legend border, measured in
font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.borderaxespad`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
columnspacing : float or None
The spacing between columns, measured in font-size units.
Default is *None* which will take the value from the
``legend.columnspacing`` :data:`rcParam<matplotlib.rcParams>`.
Returns
-------
:class:`matplotlib.legend.Legend` instance
Notes
-----
Not all kinds of artist are supported by the legend command. See
:ref:`sphx_glr_tutorials_intermediate_legend_guide.py` for details.
"""
# If no arguments given, collect up all the artists on the figure
if len(args) == 0:
handles = []
labels = []
def in_handles(h, l):
# Method to check if we already have a given handle and label.
# Consider two handles to be the same if they share a label,
# color, facecolor, and edgecolor.
# Loop through each handle and label already collected
for f_h, f_l in zip(handles, labels):
if f_l != l:
continue
if type(f_h) != type(h):
continue
try:
if f_h.get_color() != h.get_color():
continue
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
if f_h.get_facecolor() != h.get_facecolor():
continue
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
if f_h.get_edgecolor() != h.get_edgecolor():
continue
except AttributeError:
pass
return True
return False
for ax in self.axes:
ax_handles, ax_labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
for h, l in zip(ax_handles, ax_labels):
if not in_handles(h, l):
handles.append(h)
labels.append(l)
if len(handles) == 0:
warnings.warn("No labeled objects found. "
"Use label='...' kwarg on individual plots.")
return None
elif len(args) == 2:
# LINES, LABELS
handles, labels = args
elif len(args) == 3:
# LINES, LABELS, LOC
handles, labels, loc = args
kwargs['loc'] = loc
else:
raise TypeError('Invalid number of arguments passed to legend. '
'Please specify either 0 args, 2 args '
'(artist handles, figure labels) or 3 args '
'(artist handles, figure labels, legend location)')
l = Legend(self, handles, labels, **kwargs)
self.legends.append(l)
l._remove_method = lambda h: self.legends.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return l
@docstring.dedent_interpd
def text(self, x, y, s, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add text to figure.
Call signature::
text(x, y, s, fontdict=None, **kwargs)
Add text to figure at location *x*, *y* (relative 0-1
coords). See :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.text` for the meaning
of the other arguments.
kwargs control the :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text` properties:
%(Text)s
"""
override = _process_text_args({}, *args, **kwargs)
t = Text(x=x, y=y, text=s)
t.update(override)
self._set_artist_props(t)
self.texts.append(t)
t._remove_method = lambda h: self.texts.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return t
def _set_artist_props(self, a):
if a != self:
a.set_figure(self)
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
a.set_transform(self.transFigure)
@docstring.dedent_interpd
def gca(self, **kwargs):
"""
Get the current axes, creating one if necessary
The following kwargs are supported for ensuring the returned axes
adheres to the given projection etc., and for axes creation if
the active axes does not exist:
%(Axes)s
"""
ckey, cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()
# if there exists an axes on the stack see if it maches
# the desired axes configuration
if cax is not None:
# if no kwargs are given just return the current axes
# this is a convenience for gca() on axes such as polar etc.
if not kwargs:
return cax
# if the user has specified particular projection detail
# then build up a key which can represent this
else:
# we don't want to modify the original kwargs
# so take a copy so that we can do what we like to it
kwargs_copy = kwargs.copy()
projection_class, _, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, **kwargs_copy)
# let the returned axes have any gridspec by removing it from
# the key
ckey = ckey[1:]
key = key[1:]
# if the cax matches this key then return the axes, otherwise
# continue and a new axes will be created
if key == ckey and isinstance(cax, projection_class):
return cax
else:
warnings.warn('Requested projection is different from '
'current axis projection, creating new axis '
'with requested projection.', stacklevel=2)
# no axes found, so create one which spans the figure
return self.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, **kwargs)
def sca(self, a):
'Set the current axes to be a and return a'
self._axstack.bubble(a)
for func in self._axobservers:
func(self)
return a
def _gci(self):
"""
helper for :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.gci`;
do not use elsewhere.
"""
# Look first for an image in the current Axes:
cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()[1]
if cax is None:
return None
im = cax._gci()
if im is not None:
return im
# If there is no image in the current Axes, search for
# one in a previously created Axes. Whether this makes
# sense is debatable, but it is the documented behavior.
for ax in reversed(self.axes):
im = ax._gci()
if im is not None:
return im
return None
def __getstate__(self):
state = super(Figure, self).__getstate__()
# the axobservers cannot currently be pickled.
# Additionally, the canvas cannot currently be pickled, but this has
# the benefit of meaning that a figure can be detached from one canvas,
# and re-attached to another.
for attr_to_pop in ('_axobservers', 'show',
'canvas', '_cachedRenderer'):
state.pop(attr_to_pop, None)
# add version information to the state
state['__mpl_version__'] = _mpl_version
# check to see if the figure has a manager and whether it is registered
# with pyplot
if getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None) is not None:
manager = self.canvas.manager
import matplotlib._pylab_helpers
if manager in list(six.itervalues(
matplotlib._pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs)):
state['_restore_to_pylab'] = True
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
version = state.pop('__mpl_version__')
restore_to_pylab = state.pop('_restore_to_pylab', False)
if version != _mpl_version:
import warnings
warnings.warn("This figure was saved with matplotlib version %s "
"and is unlikely to function correctly." %
(version, ))
self.__dict__ = state
# re-initialise some of the unstored state information
self._axobservers = []
self.canvas = None
if restore_to_pylab:
# lazy import to avoid circularity
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib._pylab_helpers as pylab_helpers
allnums = plt.get_fignums()
num = max(allnums) + 1 if allnums else 1
mgr = plt._backend_mod.new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, self)
# XXX The following is a copy and paste from pyplot. Consider
# factoring to pylab_helpers
if self.get_label():
mgr.set_window_title(self.get_label())
# make this figure current on button press event
def make_active(event):
pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr)
mgr._cidgcf = mgr.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event',
make_active)
pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr)
self.number = num
plt.draw_if_interactive()
self.stale = True
def add_axobserver(self, func):
'whenever the axes state change, ``func(self)`` will be called'
self._axobservers.append(func)
def savefig(self, fname, **kwargs):
"""
Save the current figure.
Call signature::
savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w',
orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None,
transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1,
frameon=None)
The output formats available depend on the backend being used.
Arguments:
*fname*:
A string containing a path to a filename, or a Python
file-like object, or possibly some backend-dependent object
such as :class:`~matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfPages`.
If *format* is *None* and *fname* is a string, the output
format is deduced from the extension of the filename. If
the filename has no extension, the value of the rc parameter
``savefig.format`` is used.
If *fname* is not a string, remember to specify *format* to
ensure that the correct backend is used.
Keyword arguments:
*dpi*: [ *None* | ``scalar > 0`` | 'figure']
The resolution in dots per inch. If *None* it will default to
the value ``savefig.dpi`` in the matplotlibrc file. If 'figure'
it will set the dpi to be the value of the figure.
*facecolor*, *edgecolor*:
the colors of the figure rectangle
*orientation*: [ 'landscape' | 'portrait' ]
not supported on all backends; currently only on postscript output
*papertype*:
One of 'letter', 'legal', 'executive', 'ledger', 'a0' through
'a10', 'b0' through 'b10'. Only supported for postscript
output.
*format*:
One of the file extensions supported by the active
backend. Most backends support png, pdf, ps, eps and svg.
*transparent*:
If *True*, the axes patches will all be transparent; the
figure patch will also be transparent unless facecolor
and/or edgecolor are specified via kwargs.
This is useful, for example, for displaying
a plot on top of a colored background on a web page. The
transparency of these patches will be restored to their
original values upon exit of this function.
*frameon*:
If *True*, the figure patch will be colored, if *False*, the
figure background will be transparent. If not provided, the
rcParam 'savefig.frameon' will be used.
*bbox_inches*:
Bbox in inches. Only the given portion of the figure is
saved. If 'tight', try to figure out the tight bbox of
the figure.
*pad_inches*:
Amount of padding around the figure when bbox_inches is
'tight'.
*bbox_extra_artists*:
A list of extra artists that will be considered when the
tight bbox is calculated.
"""
kwargs.setdefault('dpi', rcParams['savefig.dpi'])
frameon = kwargs.pop('frameon', rcParams['savefig.frameon'])
transparent = kwargs.pop('transparent',
rcParams['savefig.transparent'])
if transparent:
kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', 'none')
kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', 'none')
original_axes_colors = []
for ax in self.axes:
patch = ax.patch
original_axes_colors.append((patch.get_facecolor(),
patch.get_edgecolor()))
patch.set_facecolor('none')
patch.set_edgecolor('none')
else:
kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', rcParams['savefig.facecolor'])
kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', rcParams['savefig.edgecolor'])
if frameon:
original_frameon = self.get_frameon()
self.set_frameon(frameon)
self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)
if frameon:
self.set_frameon(original_frameon)
if transparent:
for ax, cc in zip(self.axes, original_axes_colors):
ax.patch.set_facecolor(cc[0])
ax.patch.set_edgecolor(cc[1])
@docstring.dedent_interpd
def colorbar(self, mappable, cax=None, ax=None, use_gridspec=True, **kw):
"""
Create a colorbar for a ScalarMappable instance, *mappable*.
Documentation for the pylab thin wrapper:
%(colorbar_doc)s
"""
if ax is None:
ax = self.gca()
# Store the value of gca so that we can set it back later on.
current_ax = self.gca()
if cax is None:
if use_gridspec and isinstance(ax, SubplotBase):
cax, kw = cbar.make_axes_gridspec(ax, **kw)
else:
cax, kw = cbar.make_axes(ax, **kw)
cax._hold = True
cb = cbar.colorbar_factory(cax, mappable, **kw)
self.sca(current_ax)
self.stale = True
return cb
def subplots_adjust(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Call signature::
subplots_adjust(left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None)
Update the :class:`SubplotParams` with *kwargs* (defaulting to rc when
*None*) and update the subplot locations
"""
self.subplotpars.update(*args, **kwargs)
for ax in self.axes:
if not isinstance(ax, SubplotBase):
# Check if sharing a subplots axis
if isinstance(ax._sharex, SubplotBase):
ax._sharex.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax._sharex.figbox)
elif isinstance(ax._sharey, SubplotBase):
ax._sharey.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax._sharey.figbox)
else:
ax.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax.figbox)
self.stale = True
def ginput(self, n=1, timeout=30, show_clicks=True, mouse_add=1,
mouse_pop=3, mouse_stop=2):
"""
Blocking call to interact with a figure.
Wait until the user clicks *n* times on the figure, and return the
coordinates of each click in a list.
The buttons used for the various actions (adding points, removing
points, terminating the inputs) can be overridden via the
arguments *mouse_add*, *mouse_pop* and *mouse_stop*, that give
the associated mouse button: 1 for left, 2 for middle, 3 for
right.
Parameters
----------
n : int, optional, default: 1
Number of mouse clicks to accumulate. If negative, accumulate
clicks until the input is terminated manually.
timeout : scalar, optional, default: 30
Number of seconds to wait before timing out. If zero or negative
will never timeout.
show_clicks : bool, optional, default: False
If True, show a red cross at the location of each click.
mouse_add : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 1 (left click)
Mouse button used to add points.
mouse_pop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 3 (right click)
Mouse button used to remove the most recently added point.
mouse_stop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 2 (middle click)
Mouse button used to stop input.
Returns
-------
points : list of tuples
A list of the clicked (x, y) coordinates.
Notes
-----
The keyboard can also be used to select points in case your mouse
does not have one or more of the buttons. The delete and backspace
keys act like right clicking (i.e., remove last point), the enter key
terminates input and any other key (not already used by the window
manager) selects a point.
"""
blocking_mouse_input = BlockingMouseInput(self,
mouse_add=mouse_add,
mouse_pop=mouse_pop,
mouse_stop=mouse_stop)
return blocking_mouse_input(n=n, timeout=timeout,
show_clicks=show_clicks)
def waitforbuttonpress(self, timeout=-1):
"""
Blocking call to interact with the figure.
This will return True is a key was pressed, False if a mouse
button was pressed and None if *timeout* was reached without
either being pressed.
If *timeout* is negative, does not timeout.
"""
blocking_input = BlockingKeyMouseInput(self)
return blocking_input(timeout=timeout)
def get_default_bbox_extra_artists(self):
bbox_artists = [artist for artist in self.get_children()
if artist.get_visible()]
for ax in self.axes:
if ax.get_visible():
bbox_artists.extend(ax.get_default_bbox_extra_artists())
# we don't want the figure's patch to influence the bbox calculation
bbox_artists.remove(self.patch)
return bbox_artists
def get_tightbbox(self, renderer):
"""
Return a (tight) bounding box of the figure in inches.
It only accounts axes title, axis labels, and axis
ticklabels. Needs improvement.
"""
bb = []
for ax in self.axes:
if ax.get_visible():
bb.append(ax.get_tightbbox(renderer))
if len(bb) == 0:
return self.bbox_inches
_bbox = Bbox.union([b for b in bb if b.width != 0 or b.height != 0])
bbox_inches = TransformedBbox(_bbox,
Affine2D().scale(1. / self.dpi))
return bbox_inches
def tight_layout(self, renderer=None, pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None,
rect=None):
"""
Adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
Parameters:
pad : float
padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots,
as a fraction of the font-size.
h_pad, w_pad : float
padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots.
Defaults to `pad_inches`.
rect : if rect is given, it is interpreted as a rectangle
(left, bottom, right, top) in the normalized figure
coordinate that the whole subplots area (including
labels) will fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1).
"""
from .tight_layout import (
get_renderer, get_subplotspec_list, get_tight_layout_figure)
subplotspec_list = get_subplotspec_list(self.axes)
if None in subplotspec_list:
warnings.warn("This figure includes Axes that are not compatible "
"with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.")
if renderer is None:
renderer = get_renderer(self)
kwargs = get_tight_layout_figure(
self, self.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer,
pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect)
self.subplots_adjust(**kwargs)
def figaspect(arg):
"""
Create a figure with specified aspect ratio. If *arg* is a number,
use that aspect ratio. If *arg* is an array, figaspect will
determine the width and height for a figure that would fit array
preserving aspect ratio. The figure width, height in inches are
returned. Be sure to create an axes with equal with and height,
e.g.,
Example usage::
# make a figure twice as tall as it is wide
w, h = figaspect(2.)
fig = Figure(figsize=(w,h))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
# make a figure with the proper aspect for an array
A = rand(5,3)
w, h = figaspect(A)
fig = Figure(figsize=(w,h))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
Thanks to Fernando Perez for this function
"""
isarray = hasattr(arg, 'shape') and not np.isscalar(arg)
# min/max sizes to respect when autoscaling. If John likes the idea, they
# could become rc parameters, for now they're hardwired.
figsize_min = np.array((4.0, 2.0)) # min length for width/height
figsize_max = np.array((16.0, 16.0)) # max length for width/height
# Extract the aspect ratio of the array
if isarray:
nr, nc = arg.shape[:2]
arr_ratio = float(nr) / nc
else:
arr_ratio = float(arg)
# Height of user figure defaults
fig_height = rcParams['figure.figsize'][1]
# New size for the figure, keeping the aspect ratio of the caller
newsize = np.array((fig_height / arr_ratio, fig_height))
# Sanity checks, don't drop either dimension below figsize_min
newsize /= min(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_min))
# Avoid humongous windows as well
newsize /= max(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_max))
# Finally, if we have a really funky aspect ratio, break it but respect
# the min/max dimensions (we don't want figures 10 feet tall!)
newsize = np.clip(newsize, figsize_min, figsize_max)
return newsize
docstring.interpd.update(Figure=martist.kwdoc(Figure))