# go_term

go_id: GO:0002096
term: polkadots
ontology: CC
definition:
A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals.


go_id: GO:0002097
term: tRNA wobble base modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


go_id: GO:0002100
term: tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.


go_id: GO:0002102
term: podosome
ontology: CC
definition:
An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.


go_id: GO:0002103
term: endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002104
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002105
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002106
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002107
term: generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.


go_id: GO:0002108
term: maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002109
term: maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0002110
term: cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion
ontology: BP
definition:
The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.


go_id: GO:0002111
term: BRCA2-BRAF35 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0002114
term: interleukin-33 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0002115
term: store-operated calcium entry
ontology: BP
definition:
A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.


go_id: GO:0002116
term: semaphorin receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.


go_id: GO:0002117
term: amphibian larval development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form.


go_id: GO:0002118
term: aggressive behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.


go_id: GO:0002119
term: nematode larval development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


go_id: GO:0002121
term: inter-male aggressive behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.


go_id: GO:0002126
term: instrumental aggressive behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


go_id: GO:0002127
term: wobble base cytosine methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.


go_id: GO:0002128
term: tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.


go_id: GO:0002129
term: wobble position guanine ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


go_id: GO:0002130
term: wobble position ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.


go_id: GO:0002131
term: wobble position cytosine ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


go_id: GO:0002132
term: wobble position uridine ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


go_id: GO:0002136
term: wobble base lysidine biosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.


go_id: GO:0002138
term: retinoic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0002139
term: stereocilia coupling link
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.


go_id: GO:0002140
term: stereocilia tip link
ontology: CC
definition:
A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.


go_id: GO:0002141
term: stereocilia ankle link
ontology: CC
definition:
A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.


go_id: GO:0002142
term: stereocilia ankle link complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


go_id: GO:0002143
term: tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


go_id: GO:0002144
term: cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of U34 in glutamate, lysine, and glutamine tRNAs of eukaryotes.


go_id: GO:0002145
term: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0002151
term: G-quadruplex RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex RNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.


go_id: GO:0002153
term: steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.


go_id: GO:0002155
term: regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0002156
term: negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0002157
term: positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0002158
term: osteoclast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.


go_id: GO:0002159
term: desmosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0002160
term: desmosome maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The maintenance of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junctions found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an interspace of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0002162
term: dystroglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dystroglycan. Dystroglycan is glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).


go_id: GO:0002164
term: larval development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.


go_id: GO:0002165
term: instar larval or pupal development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0002167
term: VRK3/VHR/ERK complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0002168
term: instar larval development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0002169
term: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric complex having 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. The alpha subunit has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. The beta subunit possess carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0002170
term: high-affinity IgA receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0002171
term: low-affinity IgA receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0002172
term: high-affinity IgM receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0002173
term: low-affinity IgM receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0002174
term: mammary stem cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.


go_id: GO:0002175
term: protein localization to paranode region of axon
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.


go_id: GO:0002176
term: male germ cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0002177
term: manchette
ontology: CC
definition:
A conical shaped array of microtubules that completely covers the nucleus of a spermatid, thought to be involved in sperm head elongation.


go_id: GO:0002179
term: homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


go_id: GO:0002181
term: cytoplasmic translation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.


go_id: GO:0002182
term: cytoplasmic translational elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0002183
term: cytoplasmic translational initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0002184
term: cytoplasmic translational termination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.


go_id: GO:0002188
term: translation reinitiation
ontology: BP
definition:
A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.


go_id: GO:0002190
term: cap-independent translational initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


go_id: GO:0002191
term: cap-dependent translational initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process where the "Cap structure" (composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins) located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a "molecular tag" that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


go_id: GO:0002192
term: IRES-dependent translational initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


go_id: GO:0002193
term: MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


go_id: GO:0002194
term: hepatocyte cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.


go_id: GO:0002195
term: 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine-tRNA biosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon) of tRNAs.


go_id: GO:0002199
term: zona pellucida receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


go_id: GO:0002200
term: somatic diversification of immune receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.


go_id: GO:0002201
term: somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects.


go_id: GO:0002202
term: somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.


go_id: GO:0002203
term: proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002204
term: somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002205
term: somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002206
term: gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


go_id: GO:0002207
term: gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002208
term: somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002209
term: behavioral defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.


go_id: GO:0002211
term: behavioral defense response to insect
ontology: BP
definition:
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


go_id: GO:0002212
term: behavioral defense response to nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


go_id: GO:0002213
term: defense response to insect
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


go_id: GO:0002215
term: defense response to nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


go_id: GO:0002218
term: activation of innate immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.


go_id: GO:0002220
term: innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals leading to activation of the innate immune response generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0002221
term: pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


go_id: GO:0002222
term: stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.


go_id: GO:0002223
term: stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation.


go_id: GO:0002224
term: toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002225
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002228
term: natural killer cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.


go_id: GO:0002229
term: defense response to oomycetes
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0002230
term: positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.


go_id: GO:0002231
term: detection of oomycetes
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002232
term: leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002234
term: detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002235
term: detection of unfolded protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002236
term: detection of misfolded protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002237
term: response to molecule of bacterial origin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


go_id: GO:0002238
term: response to molecule of fungal origin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0002239
term: response to oomycetes
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.


go_id: GO:0002240
term: response to molecule of oomycetes origin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


go_id: GO:0002241
term: response to parasitic plant
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.


go_id: GO:0002242
term: defense response to parasitic plant
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


go_id: GO:0002243
term: detection of parasitic plant
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002244
term: hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.


go_id: GO:0002246
term: wound healing involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002247
term: clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002248
term: connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002250
term: adaptive immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


go_id: GO:0002251
term: organ or tissue specific immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


go_id: GO:0002254
term: kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


go_id: GO:0002255
term: tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


go_id: GO:0002259
term: endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002260
term: lymphocyte homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002261
term: mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002262
term: myeloid cell homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002263
term: cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002264
term: endothelial cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002265
term: astrocyte activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002266
term: follicular dendritic cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


go_id: GO:0002267
term: follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002268
term: follicular dendritic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.


go_id: GO:0002269
term: leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002270
term: plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


go_id: GO:0002271
term: plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002272
term: plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002273
term: plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


go_id: GO:0002274
term: myeloid leukocyte activation
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


go_id: GO:0002275
term: myeloid cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002276
term: basophil activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002277
term: myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002278
term: eosinophil activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002279
term: mast cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002280
term: monocyte activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002281
term: macrophage activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002282
term: microglial cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002283
term: neutrophil activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002284
term: myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002285
term: lymphocyte activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002286
term: T cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002287
term: alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002288
term: NK T cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002290
term: gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002291
ontology: BP
term:
T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002292
term: T cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


go_id: GO:0002293
term: alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


go_id: GO:0002294
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


go_id: GO:0002295
term: T-helper cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.


go_id: GO:0002296
term: T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.


go_id: GO:0002297
term: T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.


go_id: GO:0002298
ontology: BP
term:
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002299
term: alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002300
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002301
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002302
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


go_id: GO:0002303
term: gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


go_id: GO:0002304
term: gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002305
term: CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002306
term: CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0002307
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


go_id: GO:0002308
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


go_id: GO:0002312
term: B cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


go_id: GO:0002313
term: mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002314
term: germinal center B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


go_id: GO:0002315
term: marginal zone B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


go_id: GO:0002316
term: follicular B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.


go_id: GO:0002317
term: plasma cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


go_id: GO:0002318
term: myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.


go_id: GO:0002319
term: memory B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.


go_id: GO:0002320
term: lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.


go_id: GO:0002321
term: natural killer cell progenitor differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.


go_id: GO:0002322
term: B cell proliferation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002323
term: natural killer cell activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002325
term: natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002328
term: pro-B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


go_id: GO:0002329
term: pre-B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.


go_id: GO:0002330
term: pre-B cell receptor expression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, including expression of the surrogate light chain, association of the surrogate light chain with heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface.


go_id: GO:0002332
term: transitional stage B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


go_id: GO:0002333
term: transitional one stage B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


go_id: GO:0002334
term: transitional two stage B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.


go_id: GO:0002335
term: mature B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


go_id: GO:0002337
term: B-1a B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.


go_id: GO:0002338
term: B-1b B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.


go_id: GO:0002339
term: B cell selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.


go_id: GO:0002341
term: central B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.


go_id: GO:0002342
term: central B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.


go_id: GO:0002344
term: B cell affinity maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.


go_id: GO:0002345
term: peripheral B cell receptor editing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.


go_id: GO:0002346
term: B cell positive selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


go_id: GO:0002347
term: response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002348
term: central B cell positive selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


go_id: GO:0002349
term: histamine production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002350
term: peripheral B cell positive selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


go_id: GO:0002351
term: serotonin production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002352
term: B cell negative selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.


go_id: GO:0002353
term: plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


go_id: GO:0002355
term: detection of tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002357
term: defense response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0002358
term: B cell homeostatic proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002361
term: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


go_id: GO:0002362
term: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


go_id: GO:0002366
term: leukocyte activation involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002367
term: cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002375
term: cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytokine that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002376
term: immune system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.


go_id: GO:0002377
term: immunoglobulin production
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002379
term: immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002380
term: immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002381
term: immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002385
term: mucosal immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


go_id: GO:0002386
term: immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
Immune response taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


go_id: GO:0002387
term: immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.


go_id: GO:0002388
term: immune response in Peyer's patch
ontology: BP
definition:
Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.


go_id: GO:0002390
term: platelet activating factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002391
term: platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002393
term: lysosomal enzyme production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus as part of a inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002395
term: immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.


go_id: GO:0002396
term: MHC protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002397
term: MHC class I protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002398
term: MHC class Ib protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002399
term: MHC class II protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002402
term: B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.


go_id: GO:0002403
term: T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.


go_id: GO:0002404
term: antigen sampling in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of apical-to-basolateral delivery of soluble and particulate antigens to underlying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


go_id: GO:0002405
term: antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


go_id: GO:0002411
term: T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


go_id: GO:0002412
term: antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


go_id: GO:0002414
term: immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.


go_id: GO:0002415
term: immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa.


go_id: GO:0002416
term: IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals.


go_id: GO:0002417
term: B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


go_id: GO:0002419
term: T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


go_id: GO:0002420
term: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


go_id: GO:0002423
term: natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002428
term: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.


go_id: GO:0002429
term: immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002430
term: complement receptor mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.


go_id: GO:0002431
term: Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


go_id: GO:0002432
term: granuloma formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.


go_id: GO:0002433
term: immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


go_id: GO:0002434
term: immune complex clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.


go_id: GO:0002437
term: inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.


go_id: GO:0002438
term: acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002439
term: chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


go_id: GO:0002440
term: production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002445
term: type II hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


go_id: GO:0002450
term: B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002451
term: peripheral B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


go_id: GO:0002452
term: B cell receptor editing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.


go_id: GO:0002453
term: peripheral B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


go_id: GO:0002454
term: peripheral B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


go_id: GO:0002455
term: humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002457
term: T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002458
term: peripheral T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


go_id: GO:0002459
ontology: BP
term:
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

definition:
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


go_id: GO:0002460
ontology: BP
term:
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002461
term: tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


go_id: GO:0002465
term: peripheral tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


go_id: GO:0002466
term: peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


go_id: GO:0002467
term: germinal center formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


go_id: GO:0002468
term: dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002469
term: myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002470
term: plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002471
term: monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002472
term: macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002473
term: non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.


go_id: GO:0002474
term: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002475
term: antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


go_id: GO:0002476
term: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002477
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002478
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


go_id: GO:0002479
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002480
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002481
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002482
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002483
term: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


go_id: GO:0002484
term: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002485
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002486
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent

definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002487
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002488
term: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002489
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002490
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002491
term: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


go_id: GO:0002492
term: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


go_id: GO:0002493
term: lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family.


go_id: GO:0002494
term: lipid antigen transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0002495
term: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


go_id: GO:0002496
term: proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002497
term: proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002498
term: proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002499
term: proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002500
term: proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002502
term: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0002504
term: antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002505
term: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


go_id: GO:0002507
term: tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.


go_id: GO:0002515
term: B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002518
term: lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002520
term: immune system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


go_id: GO:0002521
term: leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


go_id: GO:0002522
term: leukocyte migration involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002523
term: leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002524
term: hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.


go_id: GO:0002526
term: acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002527
term: vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002528
term: regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002530
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


go_id: GO:0002531
term: regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


go_id: GO:0002532
term: production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002534
term: cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002536
term: respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002537
term: nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002538
term: arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002539
term: prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002540
term: leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002542
term: Factor XII activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002543
term: activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


go_id: GO:0002544
term: chronic inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


go_id: GO:0002546
term: negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002547
term: positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002549
term: negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002550
term: positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002558
term: type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


go_id: GO:0002559
term: type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


go_id: GO:0002561
term: basophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.


go_id: GO:0002562
term: somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


go_id: GO:0002564
term: alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes
ontology: BP
definition:
The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.


go_id: GO:0002567
term: somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.


go_id: GO:0002569
term: somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.


go_id: GO:0002570
term: somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


go_id: GO:0002571
term: somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.


go_id: GO:0002572
term: pro-T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


go_id: GO:0002573
term: myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.


go_id: GO:0002574
term: thrombocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


go_id: GO:0002576
term: platelet degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.


go_id: GO:0002578
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002579
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002580
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002581
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002582
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002583
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002584
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002585
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002586
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002587
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002588
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002589
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002590
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002591
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002592
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002593
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002594
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002595
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002596
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002597
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002598
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002599
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002600
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002601
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002602
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002603
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002604
term: regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002605
term: negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002606
term: positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002607
term: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002608
term: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002609
term: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002610
term: regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002611
term: negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002612
term: positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002613
term: regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002614
term: negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002615
term: positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002616
term: regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002617
term: negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002618
term: positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002619
term: regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002620
term: negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002621
term: positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002622
term: regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002623
term: negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002624
term: positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002625
term: regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002626
term: negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002627
term: positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002628
term: regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002629
term: negative regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002630
term: positive regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002635
term: negative regulation of germinal center formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


go_id: GO:0002636
term: positive regulation of germinal center formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


go_id: GO:0002638
term: negative regulation of immunoglobulin production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


go_id: GO:0002639
term: positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


go_id: GO:0002641
term: negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002642
term: positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002647
term: negative regulation of central tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002648
term: positive regulation of central tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002650
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


go_id: GO:0002651
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


go_id: GO:0002652
term: regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002653
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002654
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002655
term: regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002656
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002657
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002659
term: negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002660
term: positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002662
term: negative regulation of B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002663
term: positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002665
term: negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002666
term: positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002674
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002675
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002677
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002678
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002679
term: respiratory burst involved in defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0002681
term: somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.


go_id: GO:0002683
term: negative regulation of immune system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


go_id: GO:0002689
term: negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


go_id: GO:0002692
term: negative regulation of cellular extravasation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.


go_id: GO:0002695
term: negative regulation of leukocyte activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


go_id: GO:0002698
term: negative regulation of immune effector process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


go_id: GO:0002699
term: positive regulation of immune effector process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


go_id: GO:0002700
term: regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002701
term: negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002702
term: positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002704
term: negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002705
term: positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002707
term: negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002708
term: positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002710
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002713
term: negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002716
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002717
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002718
term: regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002719
term: negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002720
term: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002722
term: negative regulation of B cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002723
term: positive regulation of B cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002725
term: negative regulation of T cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002726
term: positive regulation of T cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002727
term: regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002728
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002729
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002731
term: negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002732
term: positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002733
term: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002734
term: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002735
term: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002736
term: regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002737
term: negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002738
term: positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002739
term: regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002740
term: negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002741
term: positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002742
term: regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002743
term: negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002744
term: positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002745
term: antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0002748
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation initiated by pattern recognition receptor mediated uptake of antigen

definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR).


go_id: GO:0002749
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen

definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR).


go_id: GO:0002751
term: antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.


go_id: GO:0002752
term: cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


go_id: GO:0002753
term: cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


go_id: GO:0002754
term: intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


go_id: GO:0002755
term: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002756
term: MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002757
term: immune response-activating signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002758
term: innate immune response-activating signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002760
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


go_id: GO:0002762
term: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


go_id: GO:0002763
term: positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


go_id: GO:0002764
term: immune response-regulating signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002765
term: immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002766
term: innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002767
term: immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002768
term: immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002769
term: natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002770
term: T cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002771
term: inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002772
term: inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002773
term: B cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002774
term: Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


go_id: GO:0002775
term: antimicrobial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002776
term: antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of an antimicrobial peptide from a cell or a tissue. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002777
term: antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002778
term: antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002781
term: antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002785
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002787
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002789
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002795
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002796
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002798
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002799
term: positive regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002801
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002802
term: positive regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002803
term: positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002804
term: positive regulation of antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002806
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002807
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002809
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002811
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002812
term: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002813
term: regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002814
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002815
term: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002816
term: regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002817
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002820
term: negative regulation of adaptive immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


go_id: GO:0002821
term: positive regulation of adaptive immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


go_id: GO:0002822
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002823
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002824
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002826
term: negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


go_id: GO:0002827
term: positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


go_id: GO:0002829
term: negative regulation of type 2 immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


go_id: GO:0002832
term: negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002833
term: positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002835
term: negative regulation of response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002838
term: negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002839
term: positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002840
term: regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002841
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002842
term: positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002844
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002845
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002846
term: regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002847
term: negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002848
term: positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002850
term: negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002851
term: positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002852
term: regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002853
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002854
term: positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002855
term: regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002856
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002857
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002858
term: regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002859
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002860
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002861
term: regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002862
term: negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002863
term: positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002864
term: regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002865
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002866
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002870
term: T cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002871
term: regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002872
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002873
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002874
term: regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002875
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002876
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002877
term: regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002878
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002879
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002880
term: regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002881
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002882
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002887
term: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002888
term: positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002889
term: regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002890
term: negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002891
term: positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002893
term: negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


go_id: GO:0002896
term: negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002897
term: positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002899
term: negative regulation of central B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002903
term: negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002906
term: negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002907
term: positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002909
term: negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002910
term: positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002915
term: negative regulation of central B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.


go_id: GO:0002918
term: negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.


go_id: GO:0002921
term: negative regulation of humoral immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


go_id: GO:0002922
term: positive regulation of humoral immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


go_id: GO:0002923
term: regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002924
term: negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002925
term: positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002926
term: tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis.
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.


go_id: GO:0002927
term: archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.


go_id: GO:0002929
term: MECO complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0002930
term: trabecular meshwork development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor.


go_id: GO:0002931
term: response to ischemia
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.


go_id: GO:0002932
term: tendon sheath development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.


go_id: GO:0002934
term: desmosome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0002935
term: tRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


go_id: GO:0002937
term: tRNA 4-thiouridine biosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.


go_id: GO:0002938
term: tRNA guanine ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.


go_id: GO:0002941
term: synoviocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.


go_id: GO:0002944
term: cyclin K-CDK12 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


go_id: GO:0002945
term: cyclin K-CDK13 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


go_id: GO:0002947
term: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.


go_id: GO:0002948
term: archaeosine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.


go_id: GO:0002949
term: tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


go_id: GO:0023061
term: signal release
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.


go_id: GO:0031130
term: creation of an inductive signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which one cell or group of cells sends a signal over a short range to another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, thereby effecting a developmental change in the latter.


go_id: GO:0003002
term: regionalization
ontology: BP
definition:
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


go_id: GO:0003003
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003004
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003005
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003006
term: developmental process involved in reproduction
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.


go_id: GO:0003007
term: heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


go_id: GO:0003008
term: system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


go_id: GO:0003009
term: skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


go_id: GO:0003010
term: voluntary skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


go_id: GO:0003011
term: involuntary skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


go_id: GO:0003012
term: muscle system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


go_id: GO:0003013
term: circulatory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0003014
term: renal system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


go_id: GO:0003015
term: heart process
ontology: BP
definition:
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


go_id: GO:0003016
term: respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A system process carried out by the organs and tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


go_id: GO:0003019
term: central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.


go_id: GO:0003020
term: detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003021
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003022
term: detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.


go_id: GO:0003023
term: baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003024
term: baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003025
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.


go_id: GO:0003026
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


go_id: GO:0003027
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0003028
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0003029
term: detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.


go_id: GO:0003030
term: detection of hydrogen ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003031
term: detection of carbon dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003032
term: detection of oxygen
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003033
term: detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003034
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003035
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003036
term: detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003037
term: detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003038
term: detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003039
term: detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003040
term: excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0003041
term: excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0003042
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by carotid body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003043
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by aortic body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003044
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003046
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation
ontology: BP
definition:
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.


go_id: GO:0003049
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift
ontology: BP
definition:
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


go_id: GO:0003051
term: angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.


go_id: GO:0003052
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003053
term: circadian regulation of heart rate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003054
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003055
term: circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003057
term: regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003058
term: hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003059
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003060
term: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003061
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


go_id: GO:0003062
term: regulation of heart rate by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003063
term: negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003064
term: regulation of heart rate by hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003065
term: positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003066
term: positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003067
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003068
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.


go_id: GO:0003069
term: vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003070
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


go_id: GO:0003071
term: renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


go_id: GO:0003072
ontology: BP
term:
renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.


go_id: GO:0003073
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


go_id: GO:0003075
ontology: BP
term:
renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.


go_id: GO:0003081
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003083
term: negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


go_id: GO:0003084
term: positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003085
term: negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003086
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


go_id: GO:0003087
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003088
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003089
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003090
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003093
term: regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003094
term: glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.


go_id: GO:0003095
term: pressure natriuresis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).


go_id: GO:0003098
term: tubuloglomerular feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.


go_id: GO:0003099
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003100
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


go_id: GO:0003101
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003104
term: positive regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003105
term: negative regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003106
term: negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003108
term: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003109
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003110
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003111
term: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003112
term: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003113
term: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003114
term: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003115
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003116
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003117
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003118
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003119
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003120
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003121
term: regulation of vasodilation by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003122
term: regulation of vasodilation by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003123
term: regulation of vasodilation by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003124
term: regulation of vasodilation by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003125
term: regulation of vasodilation by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003126
term: regulation of vasodilation by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003127
term: detection of nodal flow
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


go_id: GO:0003128
term: heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


go_id: GO:0003129
term: heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003130
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003132
term: mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003134
term: endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003135
term: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003137
term: Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003138
term: primary heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003139
term: secondary heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


go_id: GO:1900164
term: nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


go_id: GO:0003142
term: cardiogenic plate morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.


go_id: GO:0003143
term: embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


go_id: GO:0003144
term: embryonic heart tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


go_id: GO:0003145
term: embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.


go_id: GO:0003146
term: heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


go_id: GO:0003147
term: neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.


go_id: GO:0003148
term: outflow tract septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


go_id: GO:0003149
term: membranous septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.


go_id: GO:0003150
term: muscular septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


go_id: GO:0003151
term: outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


go_id: GO:0003152
term: morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


go_id: GO:0003153
term: closure of embryonic heart tube
ontology: BP
definition:
Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


go_id: GO:0003154
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the determination of left/right symmetry.


go_id: GO:0003155
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to the determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.


go_id: GO:0003156
term: regulation of organ formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003157
term: endocardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


go_id: GO:0003158
term: endothelium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


go_id: GO:0003159
term: morphogenesis of an endothelium
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


go_id: GO:0003160
term: endocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


go_id: GO:0003161
term: cardiac conduction system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


go_id: GO:0003162
term: atrioventricular node development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.


go_id: GO:0003163
term: sinoatrial node development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


go_id: GO:0003164
term: His-Purkinje system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


go_id: GO:0003165
term: Purkinje myocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.


go_id: GO:0003166
term: bundle of His development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


go_id: GO:0003167
term: atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


go_id: GO:0003168
term: Purkinje myocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.


go_id: GO:0003170
term: heart valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


go_id: GO:0003171
term: atrioventricular valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003173
term: ventriculo bulbo valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003178
term: coronary sinus valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003188
term: heart valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003189
term: aortic valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003190
term: atrioventricular valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003191
term: coronary sinus valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003192
term: mitral valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003193
term: pulmonary valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003194
term: sinoatrial valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003195
term: tricuspid valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003196
term: ventriculo bulbo valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003197
term: endocardial cushion development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003198
term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.


go_id: GO:0003199
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


go_id: GO:0003200
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


go_id: GO:0003201
term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


go_id: GO:0003202
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


go_id: GO:0003203
term: endocardial cushion morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003204
term: cardiac skeleton development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


go_id: GO:0003205
term: cardiac chamber development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003206
term: cardiac chamber morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003207
term: cardiac chamber formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003208
term: cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003209
term: cardiac atrium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003210
term: cardiac atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003211
term: cardiac ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003216
term: cardiac left atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003217
term: cardiac right atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003218
term: cardiac left ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003219
term: cardiac right ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003220
term: left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003221
term: right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003222
term: ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003223
term: ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003224
term: left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003225
term: left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003226
term: right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003227
term: right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003228
term: atrial cardiac muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003229
term: ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003230
term: cardiac atrium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003231
term: cardiac ventricle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003232
term: bulbus arteriosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.


go_id: GO:0003233
term: bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


go_id: GO:0003234
term: bulbus arteriosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003235
term: sinus venosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003236
term: sinus venosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003237
term: sinus venosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003238
term: conus arteriosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003239
term: conus arteriosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003240
term: conus arteriosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003242
term: cardiac chamber ballooning
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping.


go_id: GO:0003246
term: embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003247
term: post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003250
term: regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003251
term: positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003252
term: negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003253
term: cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


go_id: GO:0003254
term: regulation of membrane depolarization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


go_id: GO:0003255
term: endocardial precursor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


go_id: GO:0003256
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.


go_id: GO:0003257
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation

definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.


go_id: GO:0003258
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in endocardial precursor cell differentiation

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of an endocardial precursor cell.


go_id: GO:0003259
term: cardioblast anterior-lateral migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003260
term: cardioblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003261
term: cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003262
term: endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003263
term: cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003264
term: regulation of cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003265
term: regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003266
term: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


go_id: GO:0003267
ontology: BP
term:
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003268
ontology: BP
term:
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003269
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003270
term: Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003271
ontology: BP
term:
smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003272
term: endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003273
term: cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003274
term: endocardial cushion fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


go_id: GO:0003275
term: apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


go_id: GO:0003277
term: apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003282
term: ventricular septum intermedium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003285
term: septum secundum development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003286
term: atrial septum intermedium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003291
term: atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003294
term: atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003295
term: cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


go_id: GO:0003296
term: apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


go_id: GO:0003297
term: heart wedging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003298
term: physiological muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


go_id: GO:0003299
term: muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


go_id: GO:0003300
term: cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


go_id: GO:0003301
term: physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003302
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003303
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003304
term: myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003305
term: cell migration involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003306
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003307
term: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003308
term: negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003309
term: type B pancreatic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003310
term: pancreatic A cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003311
term: pancreatic D cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003312
term: pancreatic PP cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003313
term: heart rudiment development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


go_id: GO:0003316
term: establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003317
term: cardioblast cell midline fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003318
term: cell migration to the midline involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003319
term: cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003320
term: heart rudiment involution
ontology: BP
definition:
The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


go_id: GO:0003321
term: positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0003322
term: pancreatic A cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003323
term: type B pancreatic cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003324
term: pancreatic D cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003325
term: pancreatic PP cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003326
term: pancreatic A cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003327
term: type B pancreatic cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003328
term: pancreatic D cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003329
term: pancreatic PP cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003330
term: regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003331
term: positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003332
term: negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003333
term: amino acid transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0003334
term: keratinocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003335
term: corneocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0003336
term: corneocyte desquamation
ontology: BP
definition:
The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0003337
term: mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003339
term: regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003340
term: negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003342
term: proepicardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.


go_id: GO:0003343
term: septum transversum development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


go_id: GO:0003345
term: proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


go_id: GO:0003346
term: epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


go_id: GO:0003347
term: epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


go_id: GO:0003348
term: cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003349
term: epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003350
term: pulmonary myocardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


go_id: GO:0003351
term: epithelial cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium of an epithelial cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move fluid.


go_id: GO:0003352
term: regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003353
term: positive regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003354
term: negative regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003355
term: cilium movement involved in otolith formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium of an inner ear epithelial cell, resulting the aggregation of otolith seed particles.


go_id: GO:0003356
term: regulation of cilium beat frequency
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003357
term: noradrenergic neuron differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


go_id: GO:0003358
term: noradrenergic neuron development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0003359
term: noradrenergic neuron fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.


go_id: GO:0003360
term: brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.


go_id: GO:0003361
term: noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


go_id: GO:0003362
term: noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


go_id: GO:0003363
term: lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.


go_id: GO:0003364
term: lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003365
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003366
term: cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003367
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


go_id: GO:0003368
term: cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003369
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003370
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


go_id: GO:0003371
term: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003373
term: dynamin polymerization involved in membrane fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating dynamin polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin monomers. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.


go_id: GO:0003374
term: dynamin polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating dynamin polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin monomers around a lipid tube of a dividing mitochondrion. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.


go_id: GO:0003376
term: sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and which proceeds with the activated receptor transmitting the signal by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0003377
term: regulation of apoptosis by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of apoptosis.


go_id: GO:0003378
term: regulation of inflammatory response by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0003379
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003380
term: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003381
term: epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003382
term: epithelial cell morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


go_id: GO:0003383
term: apical constriction
ontology: BP
definition:
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003384
term: apical constriction involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003385
term: cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


go_id: GO:0003386
term: amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


go_id: GO:0003387
term: neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.


go_id: GO:0003388
term: neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003389
term: retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003390
term: dendrite development by retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003391
term: amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003392
term: cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


go_id: GO:0003393
term: neuron migration involved in retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


go_id: GO:0003394
term: cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


go_id: GO:0003395
term: neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


go_id: GO:0003396
term: cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003397
term: neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003398
term: glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003399
term: cytoneme morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


go_id: GO:0003400
term: regulation of COPII vesicle coating
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0003401
term: axis elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0003402
term: planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


go_id: GO:0003403
term: optic vesicle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


go_id: GO:0003404
term: optic vesicle morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


go_id: GO:0003405
term: optic vesicle elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.


go_id: GO:0003406
term: retinal pigment epithelium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


go_id: GO:0003407
term: neural retina development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


go_id: GO:0003408
term: optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.


go_id: GO:0003409
term: optic cup structural organization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


go_id: GO:0003410
term: anterior rotation of the optic cup
ontology: BP
definition:
A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


go_id: GO:0003411
term: cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


go_id: GO:0003412
term: establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


go_id: GO:0003413
term: chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003414
term: chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003415
term: chondrocyte hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003417
term: growth plate cartilage development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


go_id: GO:0003418
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003419
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0003420
term: regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0003421
term: growth plate cartilage axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


go_id: GO:0003423
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


go_id: GO:0003424
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


go_id: GO:0003425
ontology: BP
term:
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

definition:
A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.


go_id: GO:0003426
term: cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


go_id: GO:0003427
term: regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


go_id: GO:0003428
term: chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003429
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003430
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.


go_id: GO:0003431
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


go_id: GO:0003432
term: cell growth involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the shaping of the chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003433
term: chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003434
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003435
term: smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003436
term: regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003437
term: regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003674
term: molecular_function
ontology: MF
definition:
Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.


go_id: GO:0003677
term: DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0003682
term: chromatin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


go_id: GO:0005521
term: lamin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


go_id: GO:0003688
term: DNA replication origin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.


go_id: GO:0003689
term: DNA clamp loader activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex.


go_id: GO:0003692
term: left-handed Z-DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.


go_id: GO:0003693
term: P-element binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.


go_id: GO:0003696
term: satellite DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.


go_id: GO:0003700
term: transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0006360
term: transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.


go_id: GO:0006366
term: transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).


go_id: GO:0003705
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0004879
term: RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0038049
term: transcription factor activity, ligand-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. For example, some steroid hormone receptors bind to transcription factor complexes to regulate transcription of genes whose promoters do not contain hormone response elements.


go_id: GO:0003707
term: steroid hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


go_id: GO:0003708
term: retinoic acid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with retinoic acid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Retinoic acid is one of the forms of vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0006383
term: transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.


go_id: GO:0032784
term: regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0003712
term: transcription cofactor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0003713
term: transcription coactivator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0003714
term: transcription corepressor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repressing transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0006353
term: DNA-templated transcription, termination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular process that completes DNA-templated transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.


go_id: GO:0006363
term: termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.


go_id: GO:0006369
term: termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed.


go_id: GO:0006386
term: termination of RNA polymerase III transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which transcription by RNA polymerase III is terminated; Pol III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of 4 to 6 contiguous U residues.


go_id: GO:0042994
term: cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0003720
term: telomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


go_id: GO:0003721
term: telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


go_id: GO:0003729
term: mRNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


go_id: GO:0030532
term: small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0006457
term: protein folding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.


go_id: GO:0006334
term: nucleosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


go_id: GO:0034728
term: nucleosome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.


go_id: GO:0042393
term: histone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity.


go_id: GO:0043486
term: histone exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits.


go_id: GO:0042623
term: ATPase activity, coupled
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction, for example ion transport across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0051087
term: chaperone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.


go_id: GO:0006986
term: response to unfolded protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


go_id: GO:0042026
term: protein refolding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


go_id: GO:0003774
term: motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.


go_id: GO:0003777
term: microtubule motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).


go_id: GO:0005930
term: axoneme
ontology: CC
definition:
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


go_id: GO:0006936
term: muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0043292
term: contractile fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


go_id: GO:0003779
term: actin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.


go_id: GO:0030674
term: protein binding, bridging
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


go_id: GO:0051015
term: actin filament binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.


go_id: GO:0051017
term: actin filament bundle assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


go_id: GO:0051016
term: barbed-end actin filament capping
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


go_id: GO:0042989
term: sequestering of actin monomers
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.


go_id: GO:0030036
term: actin cytoskeleton organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0006952
term: defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


go_id: GO:0006953
term: acute-phase response
ontology: BP
definition:
An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.


go_id: GO:0019730
term: antimicrobial humoral response
ontology: BP
definition:
An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0003796
term: lysozyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.


go_id: GO:0042742
term: defense response to bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0050831
term: male-specific defense response to bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0050832
term: defense response to fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0009615
term: response to virus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


go_id: GO:0004252
term: serine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


go_id: GO:0007596
term: blood coagulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.


go_id: GO:0003810
term: protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.


go_id: GO:0006956
term: complement activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.


go_id: GO:0042612
term: MHC class I protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042613
term: MHC class II protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


go_id: GO:0003823
term: antigen binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.


go_id: GO:0003824
term: catalytic activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.


go_id: GO:0003825
term: alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003827
term: alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H(+) + UDP.


go_id: GO:0003828
term: alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003829
term: beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003830
term: beta-1,4-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003831
term: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


go_id: GO:0003833
term: beta-alanyl-dopamine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl-dopamine from the precursor dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine).


go_id: GO:0003835
term: beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0003836
term: beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003838
term: sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


go_id: GO:0003840
term: gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl-amino acid.


go_id: GO:0003841
term: 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003843
term: 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


go_id: GO:0003844
term: 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


go_id: GO:0003847
term: 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


go_id: GO:0003848
term: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0003849
term: 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003851
term: 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.


go_id: GO:0003852
term: 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003853
term: 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.


go_id: GO:0003854
term: 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003856
term: 3-dehydroquinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003860
term: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


go_id: GO:0003862
term: 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0003863
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


go_id: GO:0003864
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


go_id: GO:0003865
term: 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


go_id: GO:0003866
term: 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003867
term: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.


go_id: GO:0003871
term: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003873
term: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0003874
term: 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + triphosphate.


go_id: GO:0003878
term: ATP citrate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.


go_id: GO:0003879
term: ATP phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0003880
term: protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


go_id: GO:0003881
term: CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003885
term: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O(2) = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O(2) + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003886
term: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


go_id: GO:0003887
term: DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.


go_id: GO:0003896
term: DNA primase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


go_id: GO:0003899
term: DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0003904
term: deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


go_id: GO:0003905
term: alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


go_id: GO:0003906
term: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003908
term: methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.


go_id: GO:0003909
term: DNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


go_id: GO:0003910
term: DNA ligase (ATP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003911
term: DNA ligase (NAD+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003913
term: DNA photolyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


go_id: GO:0003914
term: DNA (6-4) photolyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


go_id: GO:0003916
term: DNA topoisomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0003917
term: DNA topoisomerase type I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.


go_id: GO:0003918
term: DNA topoisomerase type II (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


go_id: GO:0003922
term: GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003923
term: GPI-anchor transamidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


go_id: GO:0016192
term: vesicle-mediated transport
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.


go_id: GO:0007010
term: cytoskeleton organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


go_id: GO:0003933
term: GTP cyclohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.


go_id: GO:0003935
term: GTP cyclohydrolase II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H(+).


go_id: GO:0046933
term: proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) = ATP + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


go_id: GO:0003942
term: N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0003943
term: N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0003944
term: N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.


go_id: GO:0003947
term: (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0003948
term: N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H(2)O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003949
ontology: MF
term:
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase activity

definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


go_id: GO:0003950
term: NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.


go_id: GO:0003952
term: NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003957
term: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.


go_id: GO:0003961
term: O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


go_id: GO:0003963
term: RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003964
term: RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.


go_id: GO:0003968
term: RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template.


go_id: GO:0003972
term: RNA ligase (ATP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003975
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0003976
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


go_id: GO:0003977
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0003979
term: UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0003980
term: UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.


go_id: GO:0003992
term: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003993
term: acid phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0003994
term: aconitate hydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.


go_id: GO:0003996
term: acyl-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acids have chain lengths of C13 to C22.


go_id: GO:0004003
term: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix.


go_id: GO:0004004
term: ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of an RNA helix.


go_id: GO:0019829
term: cation-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


go_id: GO:0004008
term: copper-exporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


go_id: GO:0042626
term: ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the active transport of a substance across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0043190
term: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.


go_id: GO:0004012
term: phospholipid-translocating ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0004015
term: adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


go_id: GO:0004019
term: adenylosuccinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004023
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, metal ion-independent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.


go_id: GO:0004024
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.


go_id: GO:0004025
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, iron-dependent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.


go_id: GO:0004027
term: alcohol sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004034
term: aldose 1-epimerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


go_id: GO:0004035
term: alkaline phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0004043
term: L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004044
term: amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004047
term: aminomethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


go_id: GO:0004048
term: anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


go_id: GO:0004051
term: arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxycosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate.


go_id: GO:0004052
term: arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2) = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


go_id: GO:0004055
term: argininosuccinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.


go_id: GO:0004062
term: aryl sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004066
term: asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004070
term: aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004073
term: aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004075
term: biotin carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


go_id: GO:0004076
term: biotin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004077
term: biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).


go_id: GO:0004078
term: biotin-[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


go_id: GO:0004079
term: biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).


go_id: GO:0004080
term: biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


go_id: GO:0004081
term: bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004084
term: branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.


go_id: GO:0004085
term: butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


go_id: GO:0004087
term: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + CO(2) + H(2)O + NH(4)(+) = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 5 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004088
term: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004100
term: chitin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1).


go_id: GO:0004108
term: citrate (Si)-synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.


go_id: GO:0004109
term: coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O(2) = 2 CO(2) + 2 H(2)O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


go_id: GO:0004117
term: calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is regulated by calmodulin.


go_id: GO:0004118
term: cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


go_id: GO:0004119
term: cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


go_id: GO:0004120
term: photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside phosphate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0004125
term: L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004128
term: cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


go_id: GO:0004134
term: 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


go_id: GO:0004135
term: amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin. Limit dextrin is the highly branched core that remains after exhaustive treatment of glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase. It is formed because these enzymes cannot hydrolyze the (1->6) glycosidic linkages present.


go_id: GO:0004139
term: deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0004141
term: dethiobiotin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO(2) = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004147
term: dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acyldihydrolipoamide, where the acyl group is a branched chain.


go_id: GO:0004148
term: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004150
term: dihydroneopterin aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0004156
term: dihydropteroate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


go_id: GO:0004161
term: dimethylallyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004163
term: diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO(2) + H(+) + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004164
term: diphthine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.


go_id: GO:0004166
term: dolichyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004169
term: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.


go_id: GO:0008612
term: peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0034038
term: deoxyhypusine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.


go_id: GO:0050983
term: deoxyhypusine biosynthetic process from spermidine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of deoxyhypusine from spermidine by the enzyme [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase. The reaction occurs in four steps: 1. spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH + H+; 2. dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = 1,3-diaminopropane + [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 3. [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 = [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 4. [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 + NADH + H+ = [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.


go_id: GO:0008235
term: metalloexopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0004180
term: carboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0004181
term: metallocarboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0004185
term: serine-type carboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


go_id: GO:0004190
term: aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004198
term: calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.


go_id: GO:0006915
term: apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


go_id: GO:0005764
term: lysosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


go_id: GO:0008234
term: cysteine-type peptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004843
term: ubiquitin-specific protease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the thiol-dependent hydrolysis of a peptide bond formed by the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin.


go_id: GO:0036459
term: ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the thiol-dependent hydrolysis of an ester, thioester, amide, peptide or isopeptide bond formed by the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin.


go_id: GO:0004222
term: metalloendopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0070084
term: protein initiator methionine removal
ontology: BP
definition:
The protein modification process in which the translation-initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue is removed from a protein.


go_id: GO:0005739
term: mitochondrion
ontology: CC
definition:
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.


go_id: GO:0008237
term: metallopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0005773
term: vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


go_id: GO:0008236
term: serine-type peptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


go_id: GO:0004298
term: threonine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0008233
term: peptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.


go_id: GO:0004304
term: estrone sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004307
term: ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004308
term: exo-alpha-sialidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.


go_id: GO:0004311
term: farnesyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004312
term: fatty acid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004313
term: [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004314
term: [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004315
term: 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004316
term: 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004317
term: 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004318
term: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004319
term: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004321
term: fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004326
term: tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


go_id: GO:0051903
term: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0004329
term: formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0004332
term: fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004337
term: geranyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004338
term: glucan exo-1,3-beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004339
term: glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004342
term: glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0004343
term: glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004345
term: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004346
term: glucose-6-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004350
term: glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004355
term: glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004357
term: glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004358
term: glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0004360
term: glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004363
term: glutathione synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004364
term: glutathione transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.


go_id: GO:0004365
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004366
term: glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004372
term: glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.


go_id: GO:0004373
term: glycogen (starch) synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


go_id: GO:0019464
term: glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


go_id: GO:0004376
term: glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004377
term: GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004378
term: GDP-Man:Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004379
term: glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide.


go_id: GO:0004380
term: glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


go_id: GO:0004381
term: fucosylgalactoside 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


go_id: GO:0005102
term: receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0007155
term: cell adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.


go_id: GO:0004386
term: helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.


go_id: GO:0004394
term: heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004395
term: hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.


go_id: GO:0004400
term: histidinol-phosphate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004407
term: histone deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0004415
term: hyalurononglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


go_id: GO:0004416
term: hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0004417
term: hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004420
term: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004421
term: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004422
term: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004423
term: iduronate-2-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


go_id: GO:0004424
term: imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004425
term: indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.


go_id: GO:0016307
term: phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0052813
term: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004430
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0016308
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004435
term: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004436
term: phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0034593
term: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0034594
term: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0052744
term: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0052745
term: inositol phosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004438
term: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004439
term: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004441
term: inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0016316
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0046030
term: inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004445
term: inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004446
term: inositol-hexakisphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004453
term: juvenile-hormone esterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


go_id: GO:0004455
term: ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004465
term: lipoprotein lipase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.


go_id: GO:0004467
term: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0004478
term: methionine adenosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0004479
term: methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0004481
term: methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0004482
term: mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.


go_id: GO:0004483
term: mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


go_id: GO:0004484
term: mRNA guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.


go_id: GO:0004485
term: methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004486
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0004487
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


go_id: GO:0004488
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004489
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0004490
term: methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004497
term: monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


go_id: GO:0004499
term: N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004500
term: dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O(2) = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004502
term: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0004504
term: peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004505
term: phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.


go_id: GO:0004506
term: squalene monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0004507
term: steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004510
term: tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004511
term: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004512
term: inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.


go_id: GO:0004513
term: neolactotetraosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0004514
term: nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CO(2) + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+) + quinolinate.


go_id: GO:0004516
term: nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.


go_id: GO:0004517
term: nitric-oxide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004520
term: endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


go_id: GO:0004522
term: ribonuclease A activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


go_id: GO:0004525
term: ribonuclease III activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.


go_id: GO:0004526
term: ribonuclease P activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.


go_id: GO:0004527
term: exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.


go_id: GO:0004528
term: phosphodiesterase I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0004529
term: exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0004530
term: deoxyribonuclease I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


go_id: GO:0004531
term: deoxyribonuclease II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


go_id: GO:0004532
term: exoribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0004533
term: exoribonuclease H activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.


go_id: GO:0004556
term: alpha-amylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.


go_id: GO:0004557
term: alpha-galactosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactohydrolase.


go_id: GO:0004558
term: alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004559
term: alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


go_id: GO:0004561
term: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.


go_id: GO:0004563
term: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.


go_id: GO:0004564
term: beta-fructofuranosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.


go_id: GO:0004565
term: beta-galactosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.


go_id: GO:0004568
term: chitinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.


go_id: GO:0004569
term: glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


go_id: GO:0004571
term: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the oligo-mannose oligosaccharide Man(9)(GlcNAc)(2).


go_id: GO:0004572
term: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


go_id: GO:0004573
term: mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).


go_id: GO:0004574
term: oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004576
term: oligosaccharyl transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0004577
term: N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0004578
term: chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0004579
term: dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.


go_id: GO:0004581
term: dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004583
term: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-glucose into a membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0004584
term: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-mannose into membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0004587
term: ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.


go_id: GO:0004588
term: orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004592
term: pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


go_id: GO:0004596
term: peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


go_id: GO:0004597
term: peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptide L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptide 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0016018
term: cyclosporin A binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids.


go_id: GO:0004603
term: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004604
term: phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


go_id: GO:0004607
term: phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


go_id: GO:0004608
term: phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004610
term: phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004611
term: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


go_id: GO:0004616
term: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004618
term: phosphoglycerate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004621
term: glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.


go_id: GO:0005576
term: extracellular region
ontology: CC
definition:
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


go_id: GO:0047498
term: calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+.


go_id: GO:0005829
term: cytosol
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0047499
term: calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.


go_id: GO:0004632
term: phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives.


go_id: GO:0004633
term: phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H(+) = CO(2) + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004635
term: phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


go_id: GO:0004636
term: phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004637
term: phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004638
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO(2).


go_id: GO:0004639
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004640
term: phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004641
term: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004642
term: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H(2)O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004643
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


go_id: GO:0004644
term: phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


go_id: GO:0004645
term: phosphorylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


go_id: GO:0004648
term: O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004649
term: poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.


go_id: GO:0004650
term: polygalacturonase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.


go_id: GO:0004652
term: polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA or DNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


go_id: GO:0004653
term: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0004656
term: procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0004660
term: protein farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004661
term: protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


go_id: GO:0004662
term: CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


go_id: GO:0004663
term: Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.


go_id: GO:0004671
term: protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0004672
term: protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


go_id: GO:0004674
term: protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004675
term: transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004676
term: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004677
term: DNA-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of DNA.


go_id: GO:0004679
term: AMP-activated protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


go_id: GO:0004683
term: calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


go_id: GO:0004690
term: cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of a cyclic nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0004691
term: cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cAMP.


go_id: GO:0004692
term: cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cGMP.


go_id: GO:0004693
term: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).


go_id: GO:0004694
term: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004697
term: protein kinase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0004698
term: calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol and calcium.


go_id: GO:0004699
term: calcium-independent protein kinase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


go_id: GO:0004702
term: receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004703
term: G-protein coupled receptor kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G-protein coupled receptor = ADP + G-protein coupled receptor phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004704
term: NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of the alpha or beta subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase complex (IKK).


go_id: GO:0004705
term: JUN kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors.


go_id: GO:0004706
term: JUN kinase kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).


go_id: GO:0004707
term: MAP kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.


go_id: GO:0004708
term: MAP kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.


go_id: GO:0004709
term: MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


go_id: GO:0004712
term: protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004714
term: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004715
term: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine = ADP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004716
term: receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004719
term: protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0004720
term: protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0004721
term: phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.


go_id: GO:0004722
term: protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004723
term: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0004724
term: magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of magnesium.


go_id: GO:0004726
term: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004727
term: prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004728
term: receptor signaling protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004733
term: pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0004734
term: pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.


go_id: GO:0004740
term: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004741
term: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004746
term: riboflavin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


go_id: GO:0004748
term: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0004749
term: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004753
term: saccharopine dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0004754
term: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H(+) + NADH.


