# go_term

go_id: GO:0007056
term: spindle assembly involved in female meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007057
term: spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007058
term: spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007060
term: male meiosis chromosome segregation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.


go_id: GO:0007062
term: sister chromatid cohesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are associated with each other.


go_id: GO:0007064
term: mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.


go_id: GO:0007065
term: male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.


go_id: GO:0007066
term: female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.


go_id: GO:0007067
term: mitotic nuclear division
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.


go_id: GO:0007068
term: negative regulation of transcription during mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007069
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007070
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007071
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007072
term: positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0007073
term: positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0007074
term: positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0007075
term: positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0007076
term: mitotic chromosome condensation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0007077
term: mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.


go_id: GO:0007079
term: mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007080
term: mitotic metaphase plate congression
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0007083
term: mitotic chromosome decondensation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells.


go_id: GO:0007084
term: mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division.


go_id: GO:0007089
term: traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.


go_id: GO:0007091
term: metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


go_id: GO:0007092
term: activation of APC-Cdc20 complex activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the APC-Cdc20 complex that regulates the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition.


go_id: GO:0007093
term: mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.


go_id: GO:0007094
term: mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


go_id: GO:0007095
term: mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0007096
term: regulation of exit from mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.


go_id: GO:0007098
term: centrosome cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0007099
term: centriole replication
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type.


go_id: GO:0007100
term: mitotic centrosome separation
ontology: BP
definition:
Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


go_id: GO:0007107
term: membrane addition at site of cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.


go_id: GO:0007110
term: meiosis I cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0007111
term: meiosis II cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0007112
term: male meiosis cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0007113
term: endomitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


go_id: GO:0007114
term: cell budding
ontology: BP
definition:
A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.


go_id: GO:0007117
term: budding cell bud growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


go_id: GO:0007119
term: budding cell isotropic bud growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


go_id: GO:0007120
term: axial cellular bud site selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.


go_id: GO:0007121
term: bipolar cellular bud site selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of defining subsequent sites of bud emergence such that budding takes place at alternating poles of a budding cell.


go_id: GO:0007124
term: pseudohyphal growth
ontology: BP
definition:
A pattern of cell growth that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate.


go_id: GO:0007127
term: meiosis I
ontology: BP
definition:
The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.


go_id: GO:0007128
term: meiotic prophase I
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


go_id: GO:0007129
term: synapsis
ontology: BP
definition:
The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.


go_id: GO:0007130
term: synaptonemal complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.


go_id: GO:0007131
term: reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.


go_id: GO:0007132
term: meiotic metaphase I
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0007133
term: meiotic anaphase I
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0007134
term: meiotic telophase I
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


go_id: GO:0007135
term: meiosis II
ontology: BP
definition:
The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0007136
term: meiotic prophase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


go_id: GO:0007137
term: meiotic metaphase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0007138
term: meiotic anaphase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0007139
term: meiotic telophase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


go_id: GO:0007140
term: male meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.


go_id: GO:0007141
term: male meiosis I
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.


go_id: GO:0007142
term: male meiosis II
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.


go_id: GO:0007143
term: female meiotic division
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.


go_id: GO:0007146
term: meiotic recombination nodule assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0007154
term: cell communication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


go_id: GO:0007156
term: homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0007161
term: calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


go_id: GO:0007163
term: establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


go_id: GO:0007164
term: establishment of tissue polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


go_id: GO:0007166
term: cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007167
term: enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007168
term: receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0030971
term: receptor tyrosine kinase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0007171
term: activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0007172
term: signal complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.


go_id: GO:0007173
term: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007174
term: epidermal growth factor catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.


go_id: GO:0007179
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0050431
term: transforming growth factor beta binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.


go_id: GO:0007181
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.


go_id: GO:0007182
term: common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0007183
term: SMAD protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.


go_id: GO:0007184
term: SMAD protein import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.


go_id: GO:0007185
term: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007186
term: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.  The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).


go_id: GO:0007187
term: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0007188
term: adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007189
term: adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007191
term: adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007192
term: adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007193
term: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007194
term: negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


go_id: GO:0007195
term: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007196
term: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007197
term: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007198
term: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0007199
term: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).


go_id: GO:0007200
term: phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007202
term: activation of phospholipase C activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


go_id: GO:0007205
term: protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007206
term: phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007207
term: phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007208
term: phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007209
term: phospholipase C-activating tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


go_id: GO:0007210
term: serotonin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


go_id: GO:0007211
term: octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine or tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters.


go_id: GO:0007212
term: dopamine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


go_id: GO:0007213
term: G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals initiated by an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of the target cell binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007214
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0007215
term: glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007216
term: G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007217
term: tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0007218
term: neuropeptide signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0007219
term: Notch signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0007220
term: Notch receptor processing
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.


go_id: GO:0007221
term: positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.


go_id: GO:0007224
term: smoothened signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.


go_id: GO:0007225
term: patched ligand maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.


go_id: GO:0007227
term: signal transduction downstream of smoothened
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0007228
term: positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited.


go_id: GO:0007229
term: integrin-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0019722
term: calcium-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0007232
term: osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system.


go_id: GO:0007234
term: osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system.


go_id: GO:0007249
term: I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


go_id: GO:0007250
term: activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.


go_id: GO:0007252
term: I-kappaB phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


go_id: GO:0007253
term: cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0007254
term: JNK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


go_id: GO:0007256
term: activation of JNKK activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.


go_id: GO:0007259
term: JAK-STAT cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


go_id: GO:0007260
term: tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0046983
term: protein dimerization activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


go_id: GO:0007262
term: STAT protein import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases.


go_id: GO:0007263
term: nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.


go_id: GO:0007264
term: small GTPase mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.


go_id: GO:0007265
term: Ras protein signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


go_id: GO:0007266
term: Rho protein signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


go_id: GO:0007268
term: synaptic transmission
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


go_id: GO:0007269
term: neurotransmitter secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.


go_id: GO:0007271
term: synaptic transmission, cholinergic
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


go_id: GO:0007272
term: ensheathment of neurons
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment.


go_id: GO:0007275
term: multicellular organismal development
ontology: BP
definition:
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


go_id: GO:0007276
term: gamete generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.


go_id: GO:0007277
term: pole cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007278
term: pole cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007279
term: pole cell formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.


go_id: GO:0007280
term: pole cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


go_id: GO:0007281
term: germ cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0007282
term: cystoblast division
ontology: BP
definition:
Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.


go_id: GO:0007284
term: spermatogonial cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


go_id: GO:0007285
term: primary spermatocyte growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis.


go_id: GO:0007286
term: spermatid development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007287
term: Nebenkern assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.


go_id: GO:0007288
term: sperm axoneme assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement.


go_id: GO:0007289
term: spermatid nucleus differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.


go_id: GO:0007290
term: spermatid nucleus elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.


go_id: GO:0007291
term: sperm individualization
ontology: BP
definition:
The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0007292
term: female gamete generation
ontology: BP
definition:
Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


go_id: GO:0007293
term: germarium-derived egg chamber formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007294
term: germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007295
term: growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber
ontology: BP
definition:
Growth of the egg chamber between the time it leaves the germarium and the onset of vitellogenesis. During this time both nurse cells and the oocyte undergo developmental changes including nuclear organization and cytoplasmic growth. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007297
term: ovarian follicle cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007298
term: border follicle cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007299
term: ovarian follicle cell-cell adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007300
term: ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007304
term: chorion-containing eggshell formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007305
term: vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007306
term: eggshell chorion assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell.


go_id: GO:0007307
term: eggshell chorion gene amplification
ontology: BP
definition:
Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.


go_id: GO:0007308
term: oocyte construction
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007309
term: oocyte axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007310
term: oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007311
term: maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007312
term: oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007313
term: maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007314
term: oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007315
term: pole plasm assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007316
term: pole plasm RNA localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007317
term: regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


go_id: GO:0007318
term: pole plasm protein localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007319
term: negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.


go_id: GO:0007323
term: peptide pheromone maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0007329
term: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0007339
term: binding of sperm to zona pellucida
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.


go_id: GO:0007340
term: acrosome reaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg.


go_id: GO:0007341
term: penetration of zona pellucida
ontology: BP
definition:
The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


go_id: GO:0007342
term: fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.


go_id: GO:0007343
term: egg activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0009653
term: anatomical structure morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


go_id: GO:0009790
term: embryo development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.


go_id: GO:0007347
term: regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0007348
term: regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0007349
term: cellularization
ontology: BP
definition:
The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.


go_id: GO:0007350
term: blastoderm segmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.


go_id: GO:0007351
term: tripartite regional subdivision
ontology: BP
definition:
Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.


go_id: GO:0007352
term: zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.


go_id: GO:0007354
term: zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


go_id: GO:0007355
term: anterior region determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.


go_id: GO:0007356
term: thorax and anterior abdomen determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.


go_id: GO:0007357
term: positive regulation of central gap gene transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the central region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila Kruppel gene by the hunchback and bicoid gene products.


go_id: GO:0007358
term: establishment of central gap gene boundaries
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the borders of central gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by knirps repression of Kruppel.


go_id: GO:0007359
term: posterior abdomen determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.


go_id: GO:0007360
term: positive regulation of posterior gap gene transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the posterior region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila knirps gene.


go_id: GO:0007361
term: establishment of posterior gap gene boundaries
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the borders of posterior gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by hunchback and tailless repression of knirps.


go_id: GO:0007362
term: terminal region determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.


go_id: GO:0007363
term: positive regulation of terminal gap gene transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of genes encoding transcription factors at the anterior and posterior ends of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila tailless and huckebein genes.


go_id: GO:0007364
term: establishment of terminal gap gene boundary
ontology: BP
definition:
Specification of the borders of terminal gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes.


go_id: GO:0007365
term: periodic partitioning
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions.


go_id: GO:0007366
term: periodic partitioning by pair rule gene
ontology: BP
definition:
Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities.


go_id: GO:0007367
term: segment polarity determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.


go_id: GO:0007368
term: determination of left/right symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


go_id: GO:0007369
term: gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


go_id: GO:0007370
term: ventral furrow formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0007374
term: posterior midgut invagination
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.


go_id: GO:0007376
term: cephalic furrow formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.


go_id: GO:0007377
term: germ-band extension
ontology: BP
definition:
Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.


go_id: GO:0007378
term: amnioserosa formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


go_id: GO:0007379
term: segment specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.


go_id: GO:0007380
term: specification of segmental identity, head
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007381
term: specification of segmental identity, labial segment
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007382
term: specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007383
term: specification of segmental identity, antennal segment
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007384
term: specification of segmental identity, thorax
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007385
term: specification of segmental identity, abdomen
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0007386
term: compartment pattern specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0007387
term: anterior compartment pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


go_id: GO:0007388
term: posterior compartment specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


go_id: GO:0007389
term: pattern specification process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


go_id: GO:0007390
term: germ-band shortening
ontology: BP
definition:
The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.


go_id: GO:0007391
term: dorsal closure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.


go_id: GO:0007393
term: dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007394
term: dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis.


go_id: GO:0007396
term: suture of dorsal opening
ontology: BP
definition:
Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.


go_id: GO:0009887
term: organ morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


go_id: GO:0009888
term: tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007398
term: ectoderm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0007399
term: nervous system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.


go_id: GO:0007400
term: neuroblast fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0007402
term: ganglion mother cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007403
term: glial cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007405
term: neuroblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


go_id: GO:0007406
term: negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.


go_id: GO:0007407
term: neuroblast activation
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


go_id: GO:0007409
term: axonogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.


go_id: GO:0007411
term: axon guidance
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


go_id: GO:0007412
term: axon target recognition
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.


go_id: GO:0007417
term: central nervous system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


go_id: GO:0007418
term: ventral midline development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.


go_id: GO:0007419
term: ventral cord development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.


go_id: GO:0007420
term: brain development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


go_id: GO:0007421
term: stomatogastric nervous system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007422
term: peripheral nervous system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


go_id: GO:0007423
term: sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007424
term: open tracheal system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007425
term: epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007426
term: tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007427
term: epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007428
term: primary branching, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007429
term: secondary branching, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007430
term: terminal branching, open tracheal system
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007431
term: salivary gland development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.


go_id: GO:0007432
term: salivary gland boundary specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


go_id: GO:0007433
term: larval salivary gland boundary specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


go_id: GO:0007434
term: adult salivary gland boundary specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


go_id: GO:0007436
term: larval salivary gland morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0007437
term: adult salivary gland morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the adult salivary gland are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0007438
term: oenocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


go_id: GO:0007439
term: ectodermal digestive tract development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.


go_id: GO:0007441
term: anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0007443
term: Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


go_id: GO:0007444
term: imaginal disc development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.).


go_id: GO:0007445
term: determination of imaginal disc primordium
ontology: BP
definition:
Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


go_id: GO:0007446
term: imaginal disc growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


go_id: GO:0007447
term: imaginal disc pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


go_id: GO:0007448
term: anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


go_id: GO:0007449
term: proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


go_id: GO:0007450
term: dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


go_id: GO:0007451
term: dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


go_id: GO:0007453
term: clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


go_id: GO:0007454
term: labial disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


go_id: GO:0007455
term: eye-antennal disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


go_id: GO:0007458
term: progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc.


go_id: GO:0007460
term: R8 cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.


go_id: GO:0007462
term: R1/R6 cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


go_id: GO:0007463
term: R2/R5 cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


go_id: GO:0007464
term: R3/R4 cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


go_id: GO:0007465
term: R7 cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium.


go_id: GO:0007468
term: regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation.


go_id: GO:0007469
term: antennal development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.


go_id: GO:0007470
term: prothoracic disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


go_id: GO:0007472
term: wing disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


go_id: GO:0007473
term: wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


go_id: GO:0007474
term: imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.


go_id: GO:0007475
term: apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces
ontology: BP
definition:
The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.


go_id: GO:0007476
term: imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.


go_id: GO:0007477
term: notum development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007478
term: leg disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


go_id: GO:0007479
term: leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.


go_id: GO:0007480
term: imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007481
term: haltere disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


go_id: GO:0007482
term: haltere development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.


go_id: GO:0007483
term: genital disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.


go_id: GO:0007484
term: imaginal disc-derived genitalia development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007485
term: imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007486
term: imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007487
term: analia development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007488
term: histoblast morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.


go_id: GO:0007489
term: maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy
ontology: BP
definition:
The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.


go_id: GO:0007490
term: tergite morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.


go_id: GO:0007491
term: sternite morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.


go_id: GO:0007492
term: endoderm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.


go_id: GO:0007493
term: endodermal cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007494
term: midgut development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.


go_id: GO:0007495
term: visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


go_id: GO:0007496
term: anterior midgut development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007497
term: posterior midgut development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007498
term: mesoderm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0007499
term: ectoderm and mesoderm interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.


go_id: GO:0007500
term: mesodermal cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007501
term: mesodermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007502
term: digestive tract mesoderm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.


go_id: GO:0007503
term: fat body development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism.


go_id: GO:0007504
term: larval fat body development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval fat body consists of a bilaterally symmetrical monolayer of cells lying between the gut and the muscles of the body wall. As in other tissues of the larva, the cells of the fat body complete their divisions in the embryo and increase in size and ploidy during larval life.


go_id: GO:0007505
term: adult fat body development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.


go_id: GO:0007506
term: gonadal mesoderm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.


go_id: GO:0007507
term: heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


go_id: GO:0007508
term: larval heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


go_id: GO:0007509
term: mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.


go_id: GO:0007510
term: cardioblast cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0007512
term: adult heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0048535
term: lymph node development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


go_id: GO:0048542
term: lymph gland development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


go_id: GO:0007516
term: hemocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0007517
term: muscle organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.


go_id: GO:0007518
term: myoblast fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0007519
term: skeletal muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0007520
term: myoblast fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0007521
term: muscle cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0007522
term: visceral muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007523
term: larval visceral muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007524
term: adult visceral muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007525
term: somatic muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.


go_id: GO:0007526
term: larval somatic muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007527
term: adult somatic muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0007528
term: neuromuscular junction development
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.


go_id: GO:0007530
term: sex determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


go_id: GO:0007531
term: mating type determination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.


go_id: GO:0007532
term: regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


go_id: GO:0007533
term: mating type switching
ontology: BP
definition:
The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


go_id: GO:0007534
term: gene conversion at mating-type locus
ontology: BP
definition:
The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


go_id: GO:0007535
term: donor selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


go_id: GO:0007536
term: activation of recombination (HML)
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of recombination at a mating type locus, such that it is used in preference to the other donor locus for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0007537
term: inactivation of recombination (HML)
ontology: BP
definition:
The inactivation of recombination at sequences around a mating type donor locus, with the consequence that the other donor is the only one available for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0007538
term: primary sex determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


go_id: GO:0007539
term: primary sex determination, soma
ontology: BP
definition:
The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.


go_id: GO:0007540
term: sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.


go_id: GO:0007541
term: sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


go_id: GO:0007542
term: primary sex determination, germ-line
ontology: BP
definition:
The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line.


go_id: GO:0007543
term: sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.


go_id: GO:0007545
term: processes downstream of sex determination signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.


go_id: GO:0007546
term: somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.


go_id: GO:0007547
term: germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


go_id: GO:0007549
term: dosage compensation
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by a global activation or inactivation of all, or most of, genes on one or both of the X chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0007552
term: metamorphosis
ontology: BP
definition:
A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007553
term: regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.


go_id: GO:0007554
term: regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.


go_id: GO:0007555
term: regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.


go_id: GO:0007556
term: regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.


go_id: GO:0007557
term: regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.


go_id: GO:0007559
term: histolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue.


go_id: GO:0007560
term: imaginal disc morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


go_id: GO:0007561
term: imaginal disc eversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.


go_id: GO:0007563
term: regulation of eclosion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.


go_id: GO:0007565
term: female pregnancy
ontology: BP
definition:
The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.


go_id: GO:0007567
term: parturition
ontology: BP
definition:
The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


go_id: GO:0007568
term: aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).


go_id: GO:0007569
term: cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).


go_id: GO:0007571
term: age-dependent general metabolic decline
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process that arises as the cell progresses toward the end of its lifespan and cause changes cellular metabolism, resulting in a decline in cell function; for example, one aspect of general metabolic decline is a decrease in the efficiency of protein synthesis.


go_id: GO:0048102
term: autophagic cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.


go_id: GO:0007580
term: extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in abundance, as cells age, of circular DNA molecules that originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and replicated independently of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0042267
term: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


go_id: GO:0007584
term: response to nutrient
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


go_id: GO:0007585
term: respiratory gaseous exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


go_id: GO:0007586
term: digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0007588
term: excretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.


go_id: GO:0015032
term: storage protein import into fat body
ontology: BP
definition:
The incorporation of hemolymph proteins by cells of the fat body of holometabolous insects, during the final larval stage. Uptake of these proteins prepares the insect for pupation and metamorphosis, since insect pupae do not feed and therefore depend on material that has been accumulated during larval life.


go_id: GO:0007591
term: molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle
ontology: BP
definition:
The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0040002
term: collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0040003
term: chitin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0007594
term: puparial adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The adhesion of the puparia of Diptera to their substrate; normally effected by a 'glue' secreted by the larval salivary gland and expectorated at the time of pupariation.


go_id: GO:0007597
term: blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


go_id: GO:0007598
term: blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.


go_id: GO:0007600
term: sensory perception
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


go_id: GO:0007601
term: visual perception
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.


go_id: GO:0007602
term: phototransduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0007603
term: phototransduction, visible light
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


go_id: GO:0007604
term: phototransduction, UV
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


go_id: GO:0007605
term: sensory perception of sound
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.


go_id: GO:0007606
term: sensory perception of chemical stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


go_id: GO:0050909
term: sensory perception of taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.


go_id: GO:0050912
term: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0007608
term: sensory perception of smell
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.


go_id: GO:0007610
term: behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


go_id: GO:0007611
term: learning or memory
ontology: BP
definition:
The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.


go_id: GO:0007612
term: learning
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.


go_id: GO:0007613
term: memory
ontology: BP
definition:
The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


go_id: GO:0007614
term: short-term memory
ontology: BP
definition:
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


go_id: GO:0007615
term: anesthesia-resistant memory
ontology: BP
definition:
The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.


go_id: GO:0007616
term: long-term memory
ontology: BP
definition:
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.


go_id: GO:0007617
term: mating behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.


go_id: GO:0007618
term: mating
ontology: BP
definition:
The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.


go_id: GO:0007624
term: ultradian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0007625
term: grooming behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.


go_id: GO:0007626
term: locomotory behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.


go_id: GO:0030537
term: larval behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.


go_id: GO:0007628
term: adult walking behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


go_id: GO:0007629
term: flight behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.


go_id: GO:0007630
term: jump response
ontology: BP
definition:
The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0007633
term: pattern orientation
ontology: BP
definition:
The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.


go_id: GO:0007634
term: optokinetic behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


go_id: GO:0007636
term: chemosensory jump behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


go_id: GO:0007637
term: proboscis extension reflex
ontology: BP
definition:
The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus.


go_id: GO:0007639
term: homeostasis of number of meristem cells
ontology: BP
definition:
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.


go_id: GO:0008002
term: lamina lucida
ontology: CC
definition:
The electron-lucent layer of the basal lamina adjacent to the basal plasma membrane of the cells that rest on the lamina.


go_id: GO:0008004
term: lamina reticularis
ontology: CC
definition:
A layer of the basal lamina that contains collagen fibrils and connects the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0008009
term: chemokine activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


go_id: GO:0008010
term: structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008011
term: structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008012
term: structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0016339
term: calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


go_id: GO:0008015
term: blood circulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


go_id: GO:0008016
term: regulation of heart contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


go_id: GO:0008017
term: microtubule binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.


go_id: GO:0008329
term: signaling pattern recognition receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), an endogenous molecule released from damaged cells), and transmitting a signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008020
term: G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0008021
term: synaptic vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0008022
term: protein C-terminus binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.


go_id: GO:0008023
term: transcription elongation factor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.


go_id: GO:0008024
term: positive transcription elongation factor complex b
ontology: CC
definition:
A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains cyclin T and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.


go_id: GO:0050809
term: diazepam binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.


go_id: GO:0050810
term: regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


go_id: GO:0050811
term: GABA receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.


go_id: GO:0050812
term: regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0008026
term: ATP-dependent helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.


go_id: GO:0008028
term: monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.


go_id: GO:0008029
term: pentraxin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008030
term: neuronal pentraxin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008031
term: eclosion hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of eclosion hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, triggers the death of certain muscles and neurons during insect metamorphosis.


go_id: GO:0008033
term: tRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.


go_id: GO:0071723
term: lipopeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.


go_id: GO:0071813
term: lipoprotein particle binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


go_id: GO:0008035
term: high-density lipoprotein particle binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with high-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE.


go_id: GO:0008036
term: diuretic hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008039
term: synaptic target recognition
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.


go_id: GO:0008043
term: intracellular ferritin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.


go_id: GO:0008045
term: motor neuron axon guidance
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


go_id: GO:0008046
term: axon guidance receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


go_id: GO:0008048
term: calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.


go_id: GO:0008049
term: male courtship behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008052
term: sensory organ boundary specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.


go_id: GO:0008054
term: negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase by cyclin degradation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions via the negative regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase.


go_id: GO:0008055
term: ocellus pigment biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


go_id: GO:0008056
term: ocellus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


go_id: GO:0008057
term: eye pigment granule organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.


go_id: GO:0008058
term: ocellus pigment granule organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.


go_id: GO:0008061
term: chitin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


go_id: GO:0008063
term: Toll signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0008064
term: regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


go_id: GO:0008065
term: establishment of blood-nerve barrier
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.


go_id: GO:0008066
term: glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008068
term: extracellular-glutamate-gated chloride channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0008069
term: dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008070
term: maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.


go_id: GO:0008071
term: maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
ontology: BP
definition:
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008076
term: voltage-gated potassium channel complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.


go_id: GO:0008081
term: phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.


go_id: GO:0008083
term: growth factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.


go_id: GO:0008086
term: light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0008087
term: light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0008089
term: anterograde axon cargo transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


go_id: GO:0008090
term: retrograde axon cargo transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.


go_id: GO:0008091
term: spectrin
ontology: CC
definition:
Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.


go_id: GO:0008092
term: cytoskeletal protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).


go_id: GO:0008093
term: cytoskeletal adaptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


go_id: GO:0008094
term: DNA-dependent ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single- or double-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.


go_id: GO:0008097
term: 5S rRNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome.


go_id: GO:0008101
term: decapentaplegic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0008103
term: oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization
ontology: BP
definition:
Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008105
term: asymmetric protein localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location such that it is distributed asymmetrically.


go_id: GO:0008107
term: galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-R = GDP + alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008108
term: UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


go_id: GO:0008109
term: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008112
term: nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinamide = 1-methylnicotinamide + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0008113
term: peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the S enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0008118
term: N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein.


go_id: GO:0008119
term: thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether.


go_id: GO:0008121
term: ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


go_id: GO:0008123
term: cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008124
term: 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0008127
term: quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + O(2) + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.


go_id: GO:0008134
term: transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.


go_id: GO:0008135
term: translation factor activity, RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Functions during translation by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0008138
term: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008139
term: nuclear localization sequence binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0008140
term: cAMP response element binding protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).


go_id: GO:0008144
term: drug binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.


go_id: GO:0008146
term: sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0032785
term: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0046820
term: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.


go_id: GO:0008150
term: biological_process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.


go_id: GO:0008153
term: para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


go_id: GO:0008154
term: actin polymerization or depolymerization
ontology: BP
definition:
Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


go_id: GO:0008158
term: hedgehog receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0032786
term: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0008160
term: protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein.


go_id: GO:0046681
term: response to carbamate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.


go_id: GO:0046682
term: response to cyclodiene
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.


go_id: GO:0046680
term: response to DDT
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.


go_id: GO:0046683
term: response to organophosphorus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.


go_id: GO:0046684
term: response to pyrethroid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.


go_id: GO:0008173
term: RNA methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008174
term: mRNA methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an mRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008175
term: tRNA methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008176
term: tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0008180
term: COP9 signalosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0008186
term: RNA-dependent ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.


go_id: GO:0008187
term: poly-pyrimidine tract binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0043066
term: negative regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0008190
term: eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


go_id: GO:0008191
term: metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.


go_id: GO:0008193
term: tRNA guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.


go_id: GO:0008195
term: phosphatidate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008201
term: heparin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


go_id: GO:0008202
term: steroid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


go_id: GO:0008203
term: cholesterol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.


go_id: GO:0008204
term: ergosterol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


go_id: GO:0008205
term: ecdysone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.


go_id: GO:0008206
term: bile acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


go_id: GO:0008207
term: C21-steroid hormone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


go_id: GO:0008208
term: C21-steroid hormone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


go_id: GO:0008209
term: androgen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


go_id: GO:0008210
term: estrogen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


go_id: GO:0008211
term: glucocorticoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


go_id: GO:0008212
term: mineralocorticoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


go_id: GO:0008213
term: protein alkylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0008214
term: protein dealkylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0008215
term: spermine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


go_id: GO:0008217
term: regulation of blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


go_id: GO:0008219
term: cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as "apoptotic bodies"); and/or (3) its corpse (or its fragments) have been engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo.


go_id: GO:0012501
term: programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


go_id: GO:0070265
term: necrotic cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues.


go_id: GO:0050830
term: defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0050829
term: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0008226
term: tyramine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the biogenic amine tyramine to initiate a change in cell activity. Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine with an action resembling that of epinephrine.


go_id: GO:0008227
term: G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0008228
term: opsonization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody.


go_id: GO:0008230
term: ecdysone receptor holocomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.


go_id: GO:0008231
term: repressor ecdysone receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.


go_id: GO:0008232
term: activator ecdysone receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.


go_id: GO:0008238
term: exopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.


go_id: GO:0008242
term: omega peptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of terminal peptide residues that are substituted, cyclized or linked by isopeptide bonds (peptide linkages other than those of alpha-carboxyl to alpha-amino groups).


go_id: GO:0046611
term: lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the lysosomal membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the lysosomal lumen.


go_id: GO:0008247
term: 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex composed of two catalytic alpha subunits, which form a catalytic dimer, and a non-catalytic, regulatory beta subunit; the catalytic dimer may be an alpha1/alpha1 or alpha2/alpha2 homodimer, or an alpha1/alpha2 heterodimer. Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF).


go_id: GO:0008380
term: RNA splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


go_id: GO:0008250
term: oligosaccharyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.


go_id: GO:0008255
term: ecdysis-triggering hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of ecdysis-triggering hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, initiates pre-ecdysis and ecdysis (i.e. cuticle shedding) through direct action on the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0008263
term: pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0008265
term: Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.


go_id: GO:0008267
term: poly-glutamine tract binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polyglutamine tract, i.e. a series of consecutive glutamine residues, in a protein.


go_id: GO:0008269
term: JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


go_id: GO:0008271
term: secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0008272
term: sulfate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0008273
term: calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008274
term: gamma-tubulin ring complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule.


go_id: GO:0008275
term: gamma-tubulin small complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.


go_id: GO:0008277
term: regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.


go_id: GO:0008278
term: cohesin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).


go_id: GO:0008280
term: cohesin core heterodimer
ontology: CC
definition:
The core heterodimer of a cohesin complex; a structure required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes.


go_id: GO:0008281
term: sulfonylurea receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008282
term: ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SUR1 subunit stimulates channel activity.


go_id: GO:0008286
term: insulin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.


go_id: GO:0008287
term: protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein.


go_id: GO:0008290
term: F-actin capping protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


go_id: GO:0008291
term: acetylcholine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


go_id: GO:0008292
term: acetylcholine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


go_id: GO:0008293
term: torso signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0008294
term: calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.


go_id: GO:0008295
term: spermidine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


go_id: GO:0008297
term: single-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008299
term: isoprenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


go_id: GO:0008300
term: isoprenoid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


go_id: GO:0008301
term: DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0008303
term: caspase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is located in the cytosol and contains one or more cysteine-type endopeptidases (also called caspases), which give the complex a peptidase activity with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. These complexes may be involved e.g. in apoptotic or inflammation processes.


go_id: GO:0016281
term: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0008308
term: voltage-gated anion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0008309
term: double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008310
term: single-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008311
term: double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008312
term: 7S RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


go_id: GO:0008314
term: gurken signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to the ligand Gurken.


go_id: GO:0008316
term: structural constituent of vitelline membrane
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008318
term: protein prenyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


go_id: GO:0008321
term: Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ral family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.


go_id: GO:0008328
term: ionotropic glutamate receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.


go_id: GO:0008330
term: protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008331
term: high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0008332
term: low voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a low voltage-gated channel. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0008336
term: gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O(2) = carnitine + CO(2) + succinate.


go_id: GO:0048148
term: behavioral response to cocaine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


go_id: GO:0008346
term: larval walking behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


go_id: GO:0008347
term: glial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


go_id: GO:0008348
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


go_id: GO:0008349
term: MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


go_id: GO:0008352
term: katanin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).


go_id: GO:0008353
term: RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) = ADP + phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase II); phosphorylation occurs on residues in the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) repeats.


go_id: GO:0008354
term: germ cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.


go_id: GO:0008355
term: olfactory learning
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


go_id: GO:0008356
term: asymmetric cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.


go_id: GO:0008358
term: maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


go_id: GO:0008359
term: regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


go_id: GO:0008362
term: chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008363
term: larval chitin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008364
term: pupal chitin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008365
term: adult chitin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008366
term: axon ensheathment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.


go_id: GO:0008373
term: sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.


go_id: GO:0008375
term: acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.


go_id: GO:0008376
term: acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008377
term: light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0008378
term: galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0008381
term: mechanically-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


go_id: GO:0008385
term: IkappaB kinase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


go_id: GO:0008386
term: cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008391
term: arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


go_id: GO:0008392
term: arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008396
term: oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008398
term: sterol 14-demethylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: obtusifoliol + 3 O2 + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3-beta-ol + formate + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


go_id: GO:0008403
term: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.


go_id: GO:0008404
term: arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008405
term: arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008406
term: gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.


go_id: GO:0008407
term: chaeta morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0008408
term: 3'-5' exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.


go_id: GO:0008409
term: 5'-3' exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.


go_id: GO:0008410
term: CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


go_id: GO:0008412
term: 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008413
term: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine phosphate + diphosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.


go_id: GO:0008417
term: fucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0008418
term: protein-N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-L-asparagine + H2O = protein-L-aspartate + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal asparagine residue in a peptide or protein.


go_id: GO:0008419
term: RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0008420
term: CTD phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + H2O = (DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008421
term: long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008422
term: beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0008424
term: glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008425
term: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0008426
term: protein kinase C inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


go_id: GO:0008428
term: ribonuclease inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ribonuclease, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


go_id: GO:0008429
term: phosphatidylethanolamine binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0008431
term: vitamin E binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


go_id: GO:0008432
term: JUN kinase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.


go_id: GO:0008434
term: calcitriol receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0008437
term: thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hormone released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


go_id: GO:0016309
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008440
term: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008442
term: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008444
term: CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008448
term: N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate.


go_id: GO:0008449
term: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008454
term: alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008455
term: alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008456
term: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides.


go_id: GO:0008457
ontology: MF
term:
beta-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0008459
term: chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008467
term: [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.


go_id: GO:0008469
term: histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


go_id: GO:0016682
term: oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, oxygen as acceptor
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


go_id: GO:0008475
term: procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0008476
term: protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008480
term: sarcosine dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


go_id: GO:0008484
term: sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any sulfuric ester bond, any ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.


go_id: GO:0008486
term: diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008488
term: gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.


go_id: GO:0008489
term: UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.


go_id: GO:0008490
term: arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0046058
term: cAMP metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


go_id: GO:0008493
term: tetracycline transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of tetracycline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0008494
term: translation activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0008495
term: protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme o + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008496
term: mannan endo-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.


go_id: GO:0017121
term: phospholipid scrambling
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).


go_id: GO:0008499
term: UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


go_id: GO:0008502
term: melatonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.


go_id: GO:0008503
term: benzodiazepine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008504
term: monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0008506
term: sucrose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0008507
term: sodium:iodide symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008508
term: bile acid:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008510
term: sodium:bicarbonate symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


go_id: GO:0008511
term: sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0008512
term: sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0008513
term: secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of organic cations from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


go_id: GO:0008514
term: organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


go_id: GO:0008515
term: sucrose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of the membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.


go_id: GO:0008516
term: hexose uniporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


go_id: GO:0008517
term: folic acid transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


go_id: GO:0008518
term: reduced folate carrier activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of reduced folate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0008519
term: ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.


go_id: GO:0008520
term: L-ascorbate:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008521
term: acetyl-CoA transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0008523
term: sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


go_id: GO:0008524
term: glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


go_id: GO:0008525
term: phosphatidylcholine transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


go_id: GO:0008526
term: phosphatidylinositol transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylinositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylinositol refers to any glycophospholipids with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


go_id: GO:0008527
term: taste receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


go_id: GO:0008528
term: G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0008532
term: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008534
term: oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0008535
term: respiratory chain complex IV assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.


go_id: GO:0008537
term: proteasome activator complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.


go_id: GO:0061133
term: endopeptidase activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Increases the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0061136
term: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0008540
term: proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.


go_id: GO:0008541
term: proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


go_id: GO:0008542
term: visual learning
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.


go_id: GO:0008543
term: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


go_id: GO:0008544
term: epidermis development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


go_id: GO:0008545
term: JUN kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.


go_id: GO:0008551
term: cadmium-exporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


go_id: GO:0015662
term: ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.


go_id: GO:0008553
term: hydrogen-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.


go_id: GO:0008554
term: sodium-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.


go_id: GO:0008555
term: chloride-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cl-(out) = ADP + phosphate + Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0008556
term: potassium-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


go_id: GO:0008558
term: guanine-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).


go_id: GO:0008564
term: protein-exporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + protein+(out); drives the concomitant secretion of proteins.


go_id: GO:0008566
term: mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.


go_id: GO:0008568
term: microtubule-severing ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0030048
term: actin filament-based movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


go_id: GO:0008579
term: JUN kinase phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008582
term: regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions.


go_id: GO:0008583
term: mystery cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008584
term: male gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0008585
term: female gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0008586
term: imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0008587
term: imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.


go_id: GO:0008588
term: release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB
ontology: BP
definition:
The release of NF-kappaB from specific molecules in the cytoplasm to which it was bound, thereby allowing its translocation into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0008591
term: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


go_id: GO:0008594
term: photoreceptor cell morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008595
term: anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.


go_id: GO:0008608
term: attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.


go_id: GO:0008609
term: alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


go_id: GO:0008610
term: lipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


go_id: GO:0008611
term: ether lipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


go_id: GO:0008613
term: diuretic hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of a diuretic hormone, any peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, regulates water balance and fluid secretion.


go_id: GO:0008614
term: pyridoxine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008615
term: pyridoxine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


go_id: GO:0008616
term: queuosine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


go_id: GO:0008617
term: guanosine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


go_id: GO:0008618
term: 7-methylguanosine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


go_id: GO:0008622
term: epsilon DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.


go_id: GO:0008623
term: CHRAC
ontology: CC
definition:
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


go_id: GO:0008625
term: extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008626
term: granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells.


go_id: GO:0008627
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008628
term: hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008630
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008631
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008635
term: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.


go_id: GO:0008641
term: small protein activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


go_id: GO:0008643
term: carbohydrate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


go_id: GO:0008645
term: hexose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


go_id: GO:0008646
term: high-affinity hexose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, high-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0008647
term: low-affinity hexose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, low-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0046878
term: positive regulation of saliva secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.


go_id: GO:0008649
term: rRNA methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008650
term: rRNA (uridine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


go_id: GO:0008652
term: cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


go_id: GO:0008653
term: lipopolysaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008654
term: phospholipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


go_id: GO:0008655
term: pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0008656
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0008657
term: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase catalyzes the DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


go_id: GO:0008658
term: penicillin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with penicillin, any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


go_id: GO:0008659
term: (3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008661
term: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO(2).


go_id: GO:0008664
term: 2'-5'-RNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


go_id: GO:0008666
term: 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H(2)O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


go_id: GO:0008667
term: 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0008668
term: (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008670
term: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008671
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008673
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + ATP = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008674
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0008675
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008676
term: 3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008681
term: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008682
term: 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + O2 = 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone.


go_id: GO:0008685
term: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.


go_id: GO:0008686
term: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008687
term: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O(2) = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008688
term: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008689
term: 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.


go_id: GO:0008690
term: 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.


go_id: GO:0008693
term: 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008695
term: 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


go_id: GO:0008703
term: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008705
term: methionine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0008706
term: 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.


go_id: GO:0008707
term: 4-phytase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008709
term: cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD(+) = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0033785
term: heptose 7-phosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.


go_id: GO:0008713
term: ADP-heptose-lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


go_id: GO:0008725
term: DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0008745
term: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


go_id: GO:0008750
term: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


go_id: GO:0016651
term: oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0008755
term: O antigen polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008756
term: o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008758
term: UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.


go_id: GO:0008759
term: UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of an acetyl group from the 2-N position of glucosamine in the lipid A precursor UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008760
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008762
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008763
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.


go_id: GO:0008764
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008765
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


go_id: GO:0008766
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


go_id: GO:0008771
term: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).


go_id: GO:0008772
term: [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008779
term: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0008780
term: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008788
term: alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008793
term: aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008794
term: arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.


go_id: GO:0008807
term: carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0008808
term: cardiolipin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) + glycerol.


go_id: GO:0008810
term: cellulase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


go_id: GO:0008818
term: cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.


go_id: GO:0008819
term: cobinamide kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008820
term: cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H(+) = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008821
term: crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).


go_id: GO:0008825
term: cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0008827
term: cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ubiquinol + O2 = ubiquinone + 2 H2O; cytochrome O is the electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0008830
term: dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.


go_id: GO:0008831
term: dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008834
term: di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans-poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + di-trans-poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008835
term: diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H(2)O + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0008839
term: 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0008840
term: 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008842
term: diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


go_id: GO:0008843
term: endochitinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.


go_id: GO:0019104
term: DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0008847
term: Enterobacter ribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


go_id: GO:0009239
term: enterobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


go_id: GO:0008852
term: exodeoxyribonuclease I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the degradation of single-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008853
term: exodeoxyribonuclease III activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the degradation of double-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008854
term: exodeoxyribonuclease V activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008855
term: exodeoxyribonuclease VII activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008859
term: exoribonuclease II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


go_id: GO:0008864
term: formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(2)O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008871
term: aminoglycoside 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


go_id: GO:0008882
term: [glutamate-ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


go_id: GO:0008883
term: glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP(+) + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008884
term: glutathionylspermidine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + H2O = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine.


go_id: GO:0008885
term: glutathionylspermidine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008886
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008893
term: guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008894
term: guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008897
term: holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.


go_id: GO:0008898
term: S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0008900
term: hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


go_id: GO:0008902
term: hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008915
term: lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H(+) + UDP.


go_id: GO:0008917
term: lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008918
term: lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008920
term: lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.


go_id: GO:0008921
term: lipopolysaccharide-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008922
term: long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0008928
term: mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008932
term: lytic endotransglycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.


go_id: GO:0008933
term: lytic transglycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


go_id: GO:0008938
term: nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0008939
term: nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.


go_id: GO:0043878
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0047100
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + NADP+ + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = NADPH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008951
term: palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0008955
term: peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0071972
term: peptidoglycan L,D-transpeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.


go_id: GO:0008960
term: phosphatidylglycerol-membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0008961
term: phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.


go_id: GO:0008963
term: phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


go_id: GO:0008965
term: phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


go_id: GO:0008972
term: phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


go_id: GO:0008974
term: phosphoribulokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008979
term: prophage integrase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.


go_id: GO:0008982
term: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


go_id: GO:0008983
term: protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate 5-methyl ester; this reaction is the methylation of peptidyl-L-glutamate to form peptidyl-L-glutamate 5-methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0008984
term: protein-glutamate methylesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


go_id: GO:0008987
term: quinolinate synthetase A activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008988
term: rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


go_id: GO:0008989
term: rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0008990
term: rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0008995
term: ribonuclease E activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at 5 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


go_id: GO:0008996
term: ribonuclease G activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


go_id: GO:0008997
term: ribonuclease R activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008998
term: ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0008999
term: ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ribosomal-protein L-alanine = CoA + ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine.


go_id: GO:0009000
term: selenocysteine lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009002
term: serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.


go_id: GO:0019354
term: siroheme biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


go_id: GO:0009007
term: site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.


go_id: GO:0009009
term: site-specific recombinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences.


go_id: GO:0009011
term: starch synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


go_id: GO:0009014
term: succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(2)O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


go_id: GO:0009015
term: N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H(2)O + 2 H(+) = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO(2) + 2 NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0009016
term: succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0009019
term: tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0009020
term: tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


go_id: GO:0009025
term: tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009029
term: tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H(+) + lipid IV(a).


go_id: GO:0009035
term: Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions; ATP is simultaneously hydrolyzed. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.


go_id: GO:0009036
term: Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates and 3' hydroxyls. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site; cleavage occurs at or very near this recognition site.


go_id: GO:0009037
term: tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphotyrosyl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a tyrosine in the active site.


go_id: GO:0009044
term: xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


go_id: GO:0009047
term: dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0009048
term: dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.


go_id: GO:0009050
term: glycopeptide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, any compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.


go_id: GO:0009051
term: pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
ontology: BP
definition:
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009052
term: pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
ontology: BP
definition:
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.


go_id: GO:0009056
term: catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0009057
term: macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0009058
term: biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


go_id: GO:0009059
term: macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0009060
term: aerobic respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009061
term: anaerobic respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009062
term: fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


go_id: GO:0009063
term: cellular amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


go_id: GO:0009064
term: glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009065
term: glutamine family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009066
term: aspartate family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009067
term: aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009068
term: aspartate family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009069
term: serine family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009070
term: serine family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009071
term: serine family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009072
term: aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009073
term: aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009074
term: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009078
term: pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009079
term: pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009080
term: pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009081
term: branched-chain amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009082
term: branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009083
term: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009084
term: glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009086
term: methionine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009087
term: methionine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009088
term: threonine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009089
term: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.


go_id: GO:0009090
term: homoserine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0009091
term: homoserine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0009092
term: homoserine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


go_id: GO:0009093
term: cysteine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009094
term: L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009095
term: aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.


go_id: GO:0009097
term: isoleucine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009098
term: leucine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009099
term: valine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009100
term: glycoprotein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009101
term: glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009102
term: biotin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.


go_id: GO:0009103
term: lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009104
term: lipopolysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009106
term: lipoate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009107
term: lipoate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009108
term: coenzyme biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.


go_id: GO:0009109
term: coenzyme catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.


go_id: GO:0009110
term: vitamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


go_id: GO:0009111
term: vitamin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


go_id: GO:0009112
term: nucleobase metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.


go_id: GO:0009113
term: purine nucleobase biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


go_id: GO:0009114
term: hypoxanthine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


go_id: GO:0009115
term: xanthine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0009116
term: nucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).


go_id: GO:0009117
term: nucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009118
term: regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.


go_id: GO:0009119
term: ribonucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


go_id: GO:0009120
term: deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009123
term: nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009124
term: nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009125
term: nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009126
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009127
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009128
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009129
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009130
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009131
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009132
term: nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009133
term: nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009134
term: nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009135
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009136
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009137
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009138
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009139
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009140
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009141
term: nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009142
term: nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009143
term: nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009144
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009145
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009146
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009147
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009148
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009149
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009150
term: purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009151
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009152
term: purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009153
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009154
term: purine ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009155
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009156
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009157
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009158
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009159
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009161
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009162
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009163
term: nucleoside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009164
term: nucleoside catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009165
term: nucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009166
term: nucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009167
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009168
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009169
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009170
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009171
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009172
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009173
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009174
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009175
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009176
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009177
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009178
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009179
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009180
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009181
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009182
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009183
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009184
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009185
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009186
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009187
term: cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009188
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009189
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009190
term: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009191
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009192
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009193
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009194
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009195
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009196
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009197
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009198
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009199
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009200
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009201
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009202
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009203
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009204
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009205
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009206
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009207
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009208
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009209
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009210
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009211
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009212
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009213
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009214
term: cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009215
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009216
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009217
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009218
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009219
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009220
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009221
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009222
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009223
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009225
term: nucleotide-sugar metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009226
term: nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009227
term: nucleotide-sugar catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009228
term: thiamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


go_id: GO:0009229
term: thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


go_id: GO:0009230
term: thiamine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


go_id: GO:0009231
term: riboflavin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


go_id: GO:0009232
term: riboflavin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


go_id: GO:0009233
term: menaquinone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


go_id: GO:0009234
term: menaquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


go_id: GO:0009236
term: cobalamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


go_id: GO:0009237
term: siderophore metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


go_id: GO:0009238
term: enterobactin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


go_id: GO:0009240
term: isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.


go_id: GO:0009242
term: colanic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009243
term: O antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009244
term: lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.


go_id: GO:0009245
term: lipid A biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues.


go_id: GO:0009246
term: enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009247
term: glycolipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).


go_id: GO:0009248
term: K antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


go_id: GO:0009250
term: glucan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0009251
term: glucan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0009252
term: peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0009253
term: peptidoglycan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0009255
term: Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate
ontology: BP
definition:
A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


go_id: GO:0009256
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009257
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009258
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009259
term: ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009260
term: ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009261
term: ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009262
term: deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009263
term: deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009264
term: deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009265
term: 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009266
term: response to temperature stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009267
term: cellular response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0009268
term: response to pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0009269
term: response to desiccation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0009270
term: response to humidity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


go_id: GO:0009271
term: phage shock
ontology: BP
definition:
A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


go_id: GO:0009272
term: fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


go_id: GO:0009273
term: peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


go_id: GO:0009274
term: peptidoglycan-based cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.


go_id: GO:0009275
term: Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009276
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.


go_id: GO:0009277
term: fungal-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.


go_id: GO:0009279
term: cell outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


go_id: GO:0009288
term: bacterial-type flagellum
ontology: CC
definition:
A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.


go_id: GO:0009290
term: DNA import into cell involved in transformation
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of DNA into a cell that contributes to the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell.


go_id: GO:0009291
term: unidirectional conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types. Examples of this process are found in Prokaryotes.


go_id: GO:0009292
term: genetic transfer
ontology: BP
definition:
In the absence of a sexual life cycle, the process involved in the introduction of genetic information to create a genetically different individual.


go_id: GO:0009293
term: transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of genetic information to a bacterium from a bacteriophage or between bacterial or yeast cells mediated by a phage vector.


go_id: GO:0009294
term: DNA mediated transformation
ontology: BP
definition:
The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material.


go_id: GO:0009295
term: nucleoid
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.


go_id: GO:0042384
term: cilium assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


go_id: GO:0044780
term: bacterial-type flagellum assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


go_id: GO:0009297
term: pilus assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.


go_id: GO:0009298
term: GDP-mannose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0009300
term: antisense RNA transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


go_id: GO:0009303
term: rRNA transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


go_id: GO:0009307
term: DNA restriction-modification system
ontology: BP
definition:
A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009308
term: amine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009309
term: amine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009310
term: amine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009311
term: oligosaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009312
term: oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009313
term: oligosaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009314
term: response to radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


go_id: GO:0042493
term: response to drug
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.


go_id: GO:0009316
term: 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.


go_id: GO:0009317
term: acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.


go_id: GO:0009318
term: exodeoxyribonuclease VII complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0009319
term: cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity; consists of four polypeptide subunits and associated prosthetic groups.


go_id: GO:0009321
term: alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.


go_id: GO:0009323
term: ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to ribosomal-protein alanine, forming ribosomal-protein acetylalanine.


go_id: GO:0009325
term: nitrate reductase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009327
term: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase complex (AB-specific)
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity. Homodimeric, trimeric, and heterotetrameric complexes have been identified.


go_id: GO:0009328
term: phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


go_id: GO:0009329
term: acetate CoA-transferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0009331
term: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009332
term: glutamate-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


go_id: GO:0009333
term: cysteine synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.


go_id: GO:0009334
term: 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).


go_id: GO:0009337
term: sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.


go_id: GO:0009338
term: exodeoxyribonuclease V complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.


go_id: GO:0009339
term: glycolate oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).


go_id: GO:0009340
term: DNA topoisomerase IV complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, ParC and ParE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.


go_id: GO:0009341
term: beta-galactosidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.


go_id: GO:0009343
term: biotin carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009345
term: glycine-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).


go_id: GO:0009346
term: citrate lyase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity.


go_id: GO:0009347
term: aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0009348
term: ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A homotrimeric protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group to ornithine, forming citrulline.


go_id: GO:0009349
term: riboflavin synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


go_id: GO:0045254
term: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


go_id: GO:0009353
term: mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0045252
term: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009355
term: DNA polymerase V complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.


go_id: GO:0009357
term: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.


go_id: GO:0009359
term: Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


go_id: GO:0009360
term: DNA polymerase III complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


go_id: GO:0009361
term: succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


go_id: GO:0009366
term: enterobactin synthetase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


go_id: GO:0009368
term: endopeptidase Clp complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


go_id: GO:0009372
term: quorum sensing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which single-celled organisms monitor their population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules produced by the cells themselves.


go_id: GO:0009374
term: biotin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


go_id: GO:0009375
term: ferredoxin hydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.


go_id: GO:0009376
term: HslUV protease complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.


go_id: GO:0009378
term: four-way junction helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions.


go_id: GO:0009379
term: Holliday junction helicase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A DNA helicase complex that forms part of a Holliday junction resolvase complex, where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.


go_id: GO:0009380
term: excinuclease repair complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.


go_id: GO:0009381
term: excinuclease ABC activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.


go_id: GO:0009383
term: rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.


go_id: GO:0009386
term: translational attenuation
ontology: BP
definition:
Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.


go_id: GO:0009392
term: N-acetyl-anhydromuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


go_id: GO:0009394
term: 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009395
term: phospholipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


go_id: GO:0009398
term: FMN biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


go_id: GO:0009399
term: nitrogen fixation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.


go_id: GO:0009400
term: receptor signaling protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009401
term: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
ontology: BP
definition:
The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.


go_id: GO:0009636
term: response to toxic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009403
term: toxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009404
term: toxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0016032
term: viral process
ontology: BP
definition:
A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.


go_id: GO:0009407
term: toxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009408
term: response to heat
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


go_id: GO:0009409
term: response to cold
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


go_id: GO:0009410
term: response to xenobiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.


go_id: GO:0009411
term: response to UV
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


go_id: GO:0010038
term: response to metal ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009413
term: response to flooding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


go_id: GO:0009414
term: response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0009415
term: response to water
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


go_id: GO:0009416
term: response to light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


go_id: GO:0009420
term: bacterial-type flagellum filament
ontology: CC
definition:
The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the flagellum, which acts as a propeller. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009421
term: bacterial-type flagellum filament cap
ontology: CC
definition:
The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the flagellar filament. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009422
term: bacterial-type flagellum hook-filament junction
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of the flagellum where the hook and filament meet. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009423
term: chorismate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.


go_id: GO:0009424
term: bacterial-type flagellum hook
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009425
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the three major substructures of the flagellin-based flagellum; a structure consisting of a rod, a series of rings, the Mot proteins, the switch complex and the flagellum-specific export apparatus. The rings anchor the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane (MS ring), the peptidoglycan (P ring) and the outer membrane (L ring). Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009426
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009427
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009428
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009429
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, proximal rod
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009431
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, MS ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009433
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, C ring
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009435
term: NAD biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


go_id: GO:0009436
term: glyoxylate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


go_id: GO:0009437
term: carnitine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


go_id: GO:0009438
term: methylglyoxal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


go_id: GO:0009440
term: cyanate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


go_id: GO:0009441
term: glycolate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


go_id: GO:0009442
term: allantoin assimilation pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.


go_id: GO:0009443
term: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0009445
term: putrescine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009446
term: putrescine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009447
term: putrescine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009448
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009449
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009450
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009451
term: RNA modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


go_id: GO:0009452
term: 7-methylguanosine RNA capping
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0009453
term: energy taxis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


go_id: GO:0045155
ontology: MF
term:
electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity

definition:
Enables the directed movement of electrons from the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and the cytochrome c oxidase complex.


go_id: GO:0045156
ontology: MF
term:
electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

definition:
Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0045157
ontology: MF
term:
electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

definition:
Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0045158
ontology: MF
definition: Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.
term:
electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity


go_id: GO:0009486
term: cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].


go_id: GO:0015038
term: glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.


go_id: GO:0009496
term: plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+)[side 1] + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H(+)[side 2] + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0009767
term: photosynthetic electron transport chain
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0009503
term: thylakoid light-harvesting complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009504
term: cell plate
ontology: CC
definition:
The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0009505
term: plant-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.


go_id: GO:0009506
term: plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009507
term: chloroplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.


go_id: GO:0009509
term: chromoplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.


go_id: GO:0009510
term: plasmodesmatal desmotubule
ontology: CC
definition:
A tightly wound cylinder of membrane that is located within the plasmodesmal pore and runs the length of the plasmodesma. The desmotubule likely provides a rigid stability to plasmodesmata and confers a fixed diameter and pore size to the plasmodesmal canal, and is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum in each of the adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009511
term: plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.


go_id: GO:0009512
term: cytochrome b6f complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


go_id: GO:0009513
term: etioplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


go_id: GO:0009514
term: glyoxysome
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.


go_id: GO:0009515
term: granal stacked thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0009519
term: middle lamella
ontology: CC
definition:
Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.


go_id: GO:0009521
term: photosystem
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


go_id: GO:0009522
term: photosystem I
ontology: CC
definition:
A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).


go_id: GO:0009523
term: photosystem II
ontology: CC
definition:
A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.


go_id: GO:0009524
term: phragmoplast
ontology: CC
definition:
Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.


go_id: GO:0009526
term: plastid envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0009530
term: primary cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.


go_id: GO:0009531
term: secondary cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.


go_id: GO:0009534
term: chloroplast thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009535
term: chloroplast thylakoid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009536
term: plastid
ontology: CC
definition:
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.


go_id: GO:0009538
term: photosystem I reaction center
ontology: CC
definition:
A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0009539
term: photosystem II reaction center
ontology: CC
definition:
An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.


go_id: GO:0009540
term: zeaxanthin epoxidase [overall] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: zeaxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O; and antheraxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0009541
term: etioplast prolamellar body
ontology: CC
definition:
A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0009542
term: granum
ontology: CC
definition:
Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009543
term: chloroplast thylakoid lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009549
term: cellulose microfibril
ontology: CC
definition:
A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.


go_id: GO:0009550
term: primary plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0009551
term: secondary plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.


go_id: GO:0009553
term: embryo sac development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.


go_id: GO:0009554
term: megasporogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.


go_id: GO:0009555
term: pollen development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.


go_id: GO:0009557
term: antipodal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.


go_id: GO:0009558
term: embryo sac cellularization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009559
term: embryo sac central cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.


go_id: GO:0009560
term: embryo sac egg cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009561
term: megagametogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.


go_id: GO:0009563
term: synergid differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.


go_id: GO:0009566
term: fertilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


go_id: GO:0009567
term: double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm
ontology: BP
definition:
Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009568
term: amyloplast starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0009569
term: chloroplast starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0009570
term: chloroplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009573
term: chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009574
term: preprophase band
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.


go_id: GO:0009575
term: chromoplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.


go_id: GO:0009578
term: etioplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.


go_id: GO:0009579
term: thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0030075
term: bacterial thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.


go_id: GO:0042716
term: plasma membrane-derived chromatophore
ontology: CC
definition:
A pigment-bearing structure that is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle. This component is found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria.


go_id: GO:0009581
term: detection of external stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009582
term: detection of abiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009583
term: detection of light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009584
term: detection of visible light
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


go_id: GO:0009585
term: red, far-red light phototransduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.


go_id: GO:0009588
term: UV-A, blue light phototransduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


go_id: GO:0009589
term: detection of UV
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


go_id: GO:0009590
term: detection of gravity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009593
term: detection of chemical stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009594
term: detection of nutrient
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009595
term: detection of biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009597
term: detection of virus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009600
term: detection of nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009601
term: detection of insect
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009602
term: detection of symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0009603
term: detection of symbiotic fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009604
term: detection of symbiotic bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009605
term: response to external stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009606
term: tropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009607
term: response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


go_id: GO:0009608
term: response to symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0009609
term: response to symbiotic bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


go_id: GO:0009610
term: response to symbiotic fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.


go_id: GO:0009611
term: response to wounding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.


go_id: GO:0051707
term: response to other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.


go_id: GO:0009616
term: virus induced gene silencing
ontology: BP
definition:
Specific posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes. This silencing is triggered by viral infection, and occurs through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA of both host and viral genes.


go_id: GO:0009617
term: response to bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


go_id: GO:0009620
term: response to fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.


go_id: GO:0009623
term: response to parasitic fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic fungus, a fungus which spends all or part of its life in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.


go_id: GO:0009624
term: response to nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


go_id: GO:0009625
term: response to insect
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


go_id: GO:0009628
term: response to abiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009629
term: response to gravity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009631
term: cold acclimation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


go_id: GO:0009819
term: drought recovery
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.


go_id: GO:0009635
term: response to herbicide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.


go_id: GO:0009637
term: response to blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


go_id: GO:0009638
term: phototropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009639
term: response to red or far red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0009640
term: photomorphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009641
term: shade avoidance
ontology: BP
definition:
Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


go_id: GO:0009642
term: response to light intensity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009643
term: photosynthetic acclimation
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.


