# go_term

go_id: GO:0042466
term: chemokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).


go_id: GO:0042467
term: orthokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.


go_id: GO:0042468
term: klinokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.


go_id: GO:0042470
term: melanosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.


go_id: GO:0042471
term: ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


go_id: GO:0042472
term: inner ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.


go_id: GO:0042473
term: outer ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.


go_id: GO:0042474
term: middle ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).


go_id: GO:0042475
term: odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.


go_id: GO:0042476
term: odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


go_id: GO:0042479
term: positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


go_id: GO:0042480
term: negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


go_id: GO:0042481
term: regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042482
term: positive regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042483
term: negative regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042487
term: regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0042488
term: positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0042489
term: negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


go_id: GO:0042490
term: mechanoreceptor differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


go_id: GO:0042491
term: auditory receptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


go_id: GO:0042492
term: gamma-delta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


go_id: GO:0042494
term: detection of bacterial lipoprotein
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


go_id: GO:0042495
term: detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042496
term: detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042497
term: triacyl lipopeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042498
term: diacyl lipopeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042500
term: aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


go_id: GO:0042501
term: serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042509
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042510
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.


go_id: GO:0042511
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.


go_id: GO:0042512
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.


go_id: GO:0042513
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.


go_id: GO:0042514
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.


go_id: GO:0042515
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.


go_id: GO:0042516
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.


go_id: GO:0042517
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.


go_id: GO:0042518
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.


go_id: GO:0042519
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.


go_id: GO:0042520
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.


go_id: GO:0042521
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.


go_id: GO:0042522
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.


go_id: GO:0042523
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.


go_id: GO:0042524
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.


go_id: GO:0042525
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.


go_id: GO:0042526
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.


go_id: GO:0042527
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.


go_id: GO:0042528
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.


go_id: GO:0042529
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.


go_id: GO:0042530
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.


go_id: GO:0042531
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042532
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042533
term: tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


go_id: GO:0042534
term: regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


go_id: GO:0042535
term: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


go_id: GO:0042536
term: negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


go_id: GO:0042537
term: benzene-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.


go_id: GO:0042538
term: hyperosmotic salinity response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0042539
term: hypotonic salinity response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0042540
term: hemoglobin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.


go_id: GO:0042541
term: hemoglobin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


go_id: GO:0042542
term: response to hydrogen peroxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0042544
term: melibiose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0042545
term: cell wall modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


go_id: GO:0042546
term: cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0042547
term: cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.


go_id: GO:0042548
term: regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042549
term: photosystem II stabilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042550
term: photosystem I stabilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The stabilization of the photosystem I protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042551
term: neuron maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.


go_id: GO:0042552
term: myelination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0042554
term: superoxide anion generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.


go_id: GO:0042558
term: pteridine-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042559
term: pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042560
term: pteridine-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042561
term: alpha-amyrin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = alpha-amyrin. This reaction is a cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into alpha-amyrin.


go_id: GO:0042562
term: hormone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


go_id: GO:0042563
term: importin alpha-subunit nuclear export complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha-subunit/CAS/Ran, and which functions to shuttle the importin alpha-subunit out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.


go_id: GO:0042564
term: NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha and beta-subunits and any protein which has a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The complex acts to import proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


go_id: GO:0042565
term: RNA nuclear export complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


go_id: GO:0042566
term: hydrogenosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.


go_id: GO:0042567
term: insulin-like growth factor ternary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


go_id: GO:0042568
term: insulin-like growth factor binary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


go_id: GO:0042571
term: immunoglobulin complex, circulating
ontology: CC
definition:
An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.


go_id: GO:0042572
term: retinol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042573
term: retinoic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042574
term: retinal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042575
term: DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.


go_id: GO:0042578
term: phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.


go_id: GO:0042579
term: microbody
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


go_id: GO:0042580
term: mannosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.


go_id: GO:0042581
term: specific granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


go_id: GO:0042582
term: azurophil granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


go_id: GO:0042583
term: chromaffin granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042584
term: chromaffin granule membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042585
term: germinal vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.


go_id: GO:0042587
term: glycogen granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.


go_id: GO:0042588
term: zymogen granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.


go_id: GO:0042590
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042593
term: glucose homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0042594
term: response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0042595
term: behavioral response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0042597
term: periplasmic space
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).


go_id: GO:0042599
term: lamellar body
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


go_id: GO:0042600
term: chorion
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


go_id: GO:0042601
term: endospore-forming forespore
ontology: CC
definition:
Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions.


go_id: GO:0042603
term: capsule
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.


go_id: GO:0042609
term: CD4 receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD4, a receptor found on the surface of T cells, monocytes and macrophages.


go_id: GO:0042610
term: CD8 receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD8, a receptor found on the surface of thymocytes and cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes.


go_id: GO:0042611
term: MHC protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


go_id: GO:0042616
term: paclitaxel metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.


go_id: GO:0042617
term: paclitaxel biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.


go_id: GO:0042618
term: poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0042619
term: poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0042620
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042621
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042624
term: ATPase activity, uncoupled
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction is not directly coupled to any other reaction.


go_id: GO:0042625
term: ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042627
term: chylomicron
ontology: CC
definition:
A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


go_id: GO:0042628
term: mating plug formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.


go_id: GO:0042629
term: mast cell granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.


go_id: GO:0042630
term: behavioral response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0042631
term: cellular response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0042632
term: cholesterol homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0042633
term: hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


go_id: GO:0042634
term: regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042635
term: positive regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042636
term: negative regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042637
term: catagen
ontology: BP
definition:
The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.


go_id: GO:0042649
term: prothylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.


go_id: GO:0042650
term: prothylakoid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.


go_id: GO:0042652
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment
ontology: CC
definition:
The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


go_id: GO:0042653
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment
ontology: CC
definition:
The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


go_id: GO:0042657
term: MHC class II protein binding, via lateral surface
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the lateral surface of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.


go_id: GO:0042658
term: MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the antigen binding groove of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.


go_id: GO:0042662
term: negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


go_id: GO:0042667
term: auditory receptor cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042668
term: auditory receptor cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042670
term: retinal cone cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.


go_id: GO:0042671
term: retinal cone cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042672
term: retinal cone cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042675
term: compound eye cone cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.


go_id: GO:0042676
term: compound eye cone cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.


go_id: GO:0042679
term: compound eye cone cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042680
term: compound eye cone cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042684
term: cardioblast cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042685
term: cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042686
term: regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042688
term: crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


go_id: GO:0042690
term: negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0042691
term: positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0042692
term: muscle cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.


go_id: GO:0042694
term: muscle cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042698
term: ovulation cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


go_id: GO:0042701
term: progesterone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


go_id: GO:0042702
term: uterine wall growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels.


go_id: GO:0042703
term: menstruation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.


go_id: GO:0042704
term: uterine wall breakdown
ontology: BP
definition:
The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.


go_id: GO:0042705
term: ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.


go_id: GO:0042706
term: eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


go_id: GO:0042707
term: ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


go_id: GO:0042709
term: succinate-CoA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.


go_id: GO:0042710
term: biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0042713
term: sperm ejaculation
ontology: BP
definition:
The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.


go_id: GO:0042714
term: dosage compensation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0042715
ontology: BP
term:
dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome

definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0042717
term: plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.


go_id: GO:0042718
term: yolk granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Discrete structures that partition the water-insoluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.


go_id: GO:0042719
term: mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.


go_id: GO:0042720
term: mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0042721
term: mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane.


go_id: GO:0042722
term: alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


go_id: GO:0042724
term: thiamine-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), and related compounds.


go_id: GO:0042725
term: thiamine-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


go_id: GO:0042726
term: flavin-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042727
term: flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042728
term: flavin-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042729
term: DASH complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.


go_id: GO:0042730
term: fibrinolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


go_id: GO:0042731
term: PH domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0042733
term: embryonic digit morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.


go_id: GO:0042734
term: presynaptic membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042737
term: drug catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.


go_id: GO:0042738
term: exogenous drug catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated externally to the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042739
term: endogenous drug catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated internally within the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042740
term: exogenous antibiotic catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042741
term: endogenous antibiotic catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated internally within the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042743
term: hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


go_id: GO:0042745
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


go_id: GO:0042747
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


go_id: GO:0042748
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.


go_id: GO:0042750
term: hibernation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.


go_id: GO:0042751
term: estivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.


go_id: GO:0042752
term: regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0042753
term: positive regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


go_id: GO:0042754
term: negative regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


go_id: GO:0042755
term: eating behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


go_id: GO:0042757
term: giant axon
ontology: CC
definition:
Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.


go_id: GO:0042758
term: long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0042759
term: long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0042760
term: very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


go_id: GO:0042761
term: very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


go_id: GO:0042762
term: regulation of sulfur metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.


go_id: GO:0042763
term: intracellular immature spore
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.


go_id: GO:0042764
term: ascospore-type prospore
ontology: CC
definition:
An immature spore undergoing development. The spore usually consists of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s). This type of spore is observed in ascospore-forming fungi.


go_id: GO:0042765
term: GPI-anchor transamidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxyl-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


go_id: GO:0042769
term: DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0042771
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0042772
term: DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.


go_id: GO:0042773
term: ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0042774
term: plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042775
term: mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


go_id: GO:0042776
term: mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042777
term: plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042778
term: tRNA end turnover
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


go_id: GO:0042779
term: tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both.


go_id: GO:0042781
term: 3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


go_id: GO:0042782
term: passive evasion of host immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of immune avoidance that does not directly interfere with the host immune system; for example, some viruses enter a state of latency where their protein production is drastically downregulated, meaning that they are not detected by the host immune system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042783
term: active evasion of host immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the host immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in host MHC class I and II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042784
term: active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042785
term: active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042786
term: active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042789
term: mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0042790
term: transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0042791
term: 5S class rRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042794
term: rRNA transcription from plastid promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0042795
term: snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.


go_id: GO:0042796
term: snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042797
term: tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042799
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


go_id: GO:0042800
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


go_id: GO:0042801
term: polo kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the addition of a phosphate group onto a serine or threonine residue in any member of the polo kinase class of proteins.


go_id: GO:0051260
term: protein homooligomerization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


go_id: GO:0042805
term: actinin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.


go_id: GO:0042807
term: central vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.


go_id: GO:0042809
term: vitamin D receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


go_id: GO:0042810
term: pheromone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042811
term: pheromone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042812
term: pheromone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042816
term: vitamin B6 metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042817
term: pyridoxal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042818
term: pyridoxamine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042819
term: vitamin B6 biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042820
term: vitamin B6 catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042821
term: pyridoxal biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


go_id: GO:0042822
term: pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


go_id: GO:0042823
term: pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


go_id: GO:0042824
term: MHC class I peptide loading complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042825
term: TAP complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.


go_id: GO:0042827
term: platelet dense granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


go_id: GO:0042832
term: defense response to protozoan
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042834
term: peptidoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0042836
term: D-glucarate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


go_id: GO:0042837
term: D-glucarate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


go_id: GO:0042838
term: D-glucarate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


go_id: GO:0042840
term: D-glucuronate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0042841
term: D-glucuronate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0042842
term: D-xylose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0042843
term: D-xylose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0042844
term: glycol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042845
term: glycol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042846
term: glycol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042847
term: sorbose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


go_id: GO:0042848
term: sorbose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


go_id: GO:0042849
term: L-sorbose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


go_id: GO:0042850
term: L-sorbose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


go_id: GO:0042851
term: L-alanine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042852
term: L-alanine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042853
term: L-alanine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042854
term: eugenol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042855
term: eugenol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042856
term: eugenol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042857
term: chrysobactin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042858
term: chrysobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042859
term: chrysobactin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042861
term: achromobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


go_id: GO:0042862
term: achromobactin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


go_id: GO:0042863
term: pyochelin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042864
term: pyochelin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042865
term: pyochelin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042868
term: antisense RNA metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042869
term: aldarate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of aldarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042870
term: D-glucarate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042873
term: aldonate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of aldonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042874
term: D-glucuronate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042875
term: D-galactonate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042878
term: D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042880
term: D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042881
term: D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042882
term: L-arabinose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042883
term: cysteine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042884
term: microcin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042885
term: microcin B17 transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042886
term: amide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042889
term: 3-phenylpropionic acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042891
term: antibiotic transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042892
term: chloramphenicol transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042893
term: polymyxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042894
term: fosmidomycin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042895
term: antibiotic transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042896
term: chloramphenicol transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042897
term: polymyxin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042898
term: fosmidomycin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042899
term: arabinan transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042900
term: arabinose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042901
term: arabinan transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042902
term: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0042904
term: 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


go_id: GO:0042905
term: 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


go_id: GO:0042906
term: xanthine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0042907
term: xanthine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0042908
term: xenobiotic transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042909
term: acridine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042910
term: xenobiotic transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042911
term: acridine transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042912
term: colicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


go_id: GO:0042913
term: group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042914
term: colicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


go_id: GO:0042915
term: group A colicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042916
term: alkylphosphonate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an alkylphosphonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042918
term: alkanesulfonate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.


go_id: GO:0042919
term: benzoate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042920
term: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042921
term: glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.


go_id: GO:0042922
term: neuromedin U receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.


go_id: GO:0042923
term: neuropeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).


go_id: GO:0042924
term: neuromedin U binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.


go_id: GO:0042925
term: benzoate transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042926
term: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042927
term: siderophore transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042928
term: ferrichrome transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a ferrichrome into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0042929
term: ferrichrome transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0042930
term: enterobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042931
term: enterobactin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042932
term: chrysobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042933
term: chrysobactin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042934
term: achromobactin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042935
term: achromobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042936
term: dipeptide transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042937
term: tripeptide transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042938
term: dipeptide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042939
term: tripeptide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042940
term: D-amino acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042941
term: D-alanine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042942
term: D-serine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042943
term: D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


go_id: GO:0042944
term: D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042945
term: D-serine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042946
term: glucoside transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


go_id: GO:0042947
term: glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of the membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


go_id: GO:0042948
term: salicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042949
term: arbutin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042950
term: salicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042951
term: arbutin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042952
term: beta-ketoadipate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


go_id: GO:0042953
term: lipoprotein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042954
term: lipoprotein transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0042955
term: dextrin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042956
term: maltodextrin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042957
term: dextrin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042958
term: maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042960
term: antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0042961
term: antimonite-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


go_id: GO:0042962
term: acridine:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).


go_id: GO:0042964
term: thioredoxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase.


go_id: GO:0042965
term: glutaredoxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase.


go_id: GO:0042966
term: biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.


go_id: GO:0042968
term: homoserine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042969
term: lactone transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


go_id: GO:0042970
term: homoserine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


go_id: GO:0042971
term: lactone transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


go_id: GO:0042972
term: licheninase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


go_id: GO:0042974
term: retinoic acid receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.


go_id: GO:0042975
term: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta or gamma.


go_id: GO:0042976
term: activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0042977
term: activation of JAK2 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0044325
term: ion channel binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0042982
term: amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042983
term: amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042984
term: regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.


go_id: GO:0042985
term: negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.


go_id: GO:0042986
term: positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.


go_id: GO:0042987
term: amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042988
term: X11-like protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with X11-like protein, a neuron-specific adaptor protein.


go_id: GO:0042990
term: regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042992
term: negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042993
term: positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042996
term: regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042997
term: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042998
term: positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042999
term: regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043000
term: Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043001
term: Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043002
term: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043003
term: positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043004
term: cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane.


go_id: GO:0043006
term: activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal.


go_id: GO:0043008
term: ATP-dependent protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0043009
term: chordate embryonic development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.


go_id: GO:0043010
term: camera-type eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


go_id: GO:0043011
term: myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


go_id: GO:0043016
term: regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


go_id: GO:0043017
term: positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


go_id: GO:0043018
term: negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


go_id: GO:0043020
term: NADPH oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


go_id: GO:0043025
term: neuronal cell body
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


go_id: GO:0043027
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043029
term: T cell homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043031
term: negative regulation of macrophage activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


go_id: GO:0043034
term: costamere
ontology: CC
definition:
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0043036
term: starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0043038
term: amino acid activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043039
term: tRNA aminoacylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.


go_id: GO:0043040
term: tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043042
term: amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
ontology: BP
definition:
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


go_id: GO:0043043
term: peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


go_id: GO:0043044
term: ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors.


go_id: GO:0043045
term: DNA methylation involved in embryo development
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.


go_id: GO:0043046
term: DNA methylation involved in gamete generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.


go_id: GO:0043048
term: dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


go_id: GO:0043049
term: otic placode formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.


go_id: GO:0043050
term: pharyngeal pumping
ontology: BP
definition:
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.


go_id: GO:0043051
term: regulation of pharyngeal pumping
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


go_id: GO:0043052
term: thermotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


go_id: GO:0043055
term: maintenance of dauer
ontology: BP
definition:
Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


go_id: GO:0043058
term: regulation of backward locomotion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


go_id: GO:0043059
term: regulation of forward locomotion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


go_id: GO:0043060
term: meiotic metaphase I plate congression
ontology: BP
definition:
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0043061
term: meiotic metaphase II plate congression
ontology: BP
definition:
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0043062
term: extracellular structure organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


go_id: GO:0043063
term: intercellular bridge organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.


go_id: GO:0044781
term: bacterial-type flagellum organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


go_id: GO:0044782
term: cilium organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


go_id: GO:0043065
term: positive regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043067
term: regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0043068
term: positive regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0043069
term: negative regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0048555
term: generative cell nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.


go_id: GO:0043076
term: megasporocyte nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.


go_id: GO:0043078
term: polar nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043079
term: antipodal cell nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.


go_id: GO:0043083
term: synaptic cleft
ontology: CC
definition:
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.


go_id: GO:0043084
term: penile erection
ontology: BP
definition:
The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


go_id: GO:0043091
term: L-arginine import
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of L-arginine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0043093
term: FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


go_id: GO:0043094
term: cellular metabolic compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043096
term: purine nucleobase salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043097
term: pyrimidine nucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043098
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043099
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043100
term: pyrimidine nucleobase salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043101
term: purine-containing compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043107
term: type IV pilus-dependent motility
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


go_id: GO:0043110
term: rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.


go_id: GO:0043111
term: replication fork arrest
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork.


go_id: GO:0043112
term: receptor metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0043113
term: receptor clustering
ontology: BP
definition:
The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


go_id: GO:0043120
term: tumor necrosis factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.


go_id: GO:0043123
term: positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


go_id: GO:0043124
term: negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


go_id: GO:0043129
term: surfactant homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli.


go_id: GO:0043130
term: ubiquitin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.


go_id: GO:0043132
term: NAD transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


go_id: GO:0043133
term: hindgut contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


go_id: GO:0043134
term: regulation of hindgut contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


go_id: GO:0043135
term: 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


go_id: GO:0043137
term: DNA replication, removal of RNA primer
ontology: BP
definition:
Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


go_id: GO:0043140
term: ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.


go_id: GO:0043141
term: ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.


go_id: GO:0043142
term: single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.


go_id: GO:0043143
term: regulation of translation by machinery localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


go_id: GO:0043144
term: snoRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature snoRNA.


go_id: GO:0043145
term: snoRNA 3'-end cleavage
ontology: BP
definition:
The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


go_id: GO:0043149
term: stress fiber assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.


go_id: GO:0043150
term: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


go_id: GO:0043151
term: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


go_id: GO:0043153
term: entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
ontology: BP
definition:
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


go_id: GO:0043154
term: negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043155
term: negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0043156
term: chromatin remodeling in response to cation stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


go_id: GO:0043157
term: response to cation stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


go_id: GO:0043158
term: heterocyst differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.


go_id: GO:0043159
term: acrosomal matrix
ontology: CC
definition:
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.


go_id: GO:0043161
term: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0043162
term: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


go_id: GO:0043163
term: cell envelope organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


go_id: GO:0043164
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


go_id: GO:0043165
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


go_id: GO:0043168
term: anion binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with anions, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net negative charge.


go_id: GO:0043169
term: cation binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cations, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive charge.


go_id: GO:0043170
term: macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0043171
term: peptide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


go_id: GO:0043172
term: ferredoxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.


go_id: GO:0043173
term: nucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043174
term: nucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043175
term: RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.


go_id: GO:0043176
term: amine binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043177
term: organic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


go_id: GO:0043178
term: alcohol binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.


go_id: GO:0043179
term: rhythmic excitation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


go_id: GO:0043180
term: rhythmic inhibition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


go_id: GO:0043186
term: P granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


go_id: GO:0043187
term: cell septum surface
ontology: CC
definition:
The extracellular (rather than the intracellular) exterior of a dividing septum; this surface is usually composed of cell wall material, for example, lineal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in S. pombe.


go_id: GO:0043194
term: axon initial segment
ontology: CC
definition:
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.


go_id: GO:0043195
term: terminal bouton
ontology: CC
definition:
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


go_id: GO:0043196
term: varicosity
ontology: CC
definition:
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


go_id: GO:0043197
term: dendritic spine
ontology: CC
definition:
Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.


go_id: GO:0043198
term: dendritic shaft
ontology: CC
definition:
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.


go_id: GO:0043199
term: sulfate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.


go_id: GO:0043200
term: response to amino acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


go_id: GO:0043201
term: response to leucine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043206
term: extracellular fibril organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of extracellular fibrils, extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and/or proteins.


go_id: GO:0043207
term: response to external biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


go_id: GO:0043208
term: glycosphingolipid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0043209
term: myelin sheath
ontology: CC
definition:
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0043210
term: alkanesulfonate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


go_id: GO:0043211
term: carbohydrate-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0043212
term: carbohydrate-exporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).


go_id: GO:0043213
term: bacteriocin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.


go_id: GO:0043214
term: bacteriocin-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of bacteriocins across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0043215
term: daunorubicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043217
term: myelin maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


go_id: GO:0043218
term: compact myelin
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.


go_id: GO:0043219
term: lateral loop
ontology: CC
definition:
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.


go_id: GO:0043220
term: Schmidt-Lanterman incisure
ontology: CC
definition:
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0043221
term: SMC family protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.


go_id: GO:0043223
term: cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


go_id: GO:0043224
term: nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


go_id: GO:0043225
term: anion transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).


go_id: GO:0043226
term: organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043227
term: membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043228
term: non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0043229
term: intracellular organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043230
term: extracellular organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.


go_id: GO:0043232
term: intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0043233
term: organelle lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


go_id: GO:0043234
term: protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.


go_id: GO:0043235
term: receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0043236
term: laminin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.


go_id: GO:0043237
term: laminin-1 binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.


go_id: GO:0043240
term: Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


go_id: GO:0043241
term: protein complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.


go_id: GO:0043242
term: negative regulation of protein complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043243
term: positive regulation of protein complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043244
term: regulation of protein complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043245
term: extraorganismal space
ontology: CC
definition:
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.


go_id: GO:0043246
term: megasome
ontology: CC
definition:
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


go_id: GO:0043249
term: erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


go_id: GO:0043250
term: sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0043251
term: sodium-dependent organic anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043252
term: sodium-independent organic anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043255
term: regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0043256
term: laminin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.


go_id: GO:0043263
term: cellulosome
ontology: CC
definition:
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.


go_id: GO:0043264
term: extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.


go_id: GO:0043266
term: regulation of potassium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043268
term: positive regulation of potassium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043269
term: regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043270
term: positive regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043271
term: negative regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043272
term: ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0043273
term: CTPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


go_id: GO:0043274
term: phospholipase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


go_id: GO:0043276
term: anoikis
ontology: BP
definition:
Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0043278
term: response to morphine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


go_id: GO:0043279
term: response to alkaloid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


go_id: GO:0043280
term: positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043282
term: pharyngeal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


go_id: GO:0043286
term: regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043287
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043288
term: apocarotenoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043289
term: apocarotenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043290
term: apocarotenoid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043291
term: RAVE complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.


go_id: GO:0043293
term: apoptosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


go_id: GO:0043294
term: mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


go_id: GO:0043295
term: glutathione binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


go_id: GO:0043296
term: apical junction complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.


go_id: GO:0043297
term: apical junction assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


go_id: GO:0043303
term: mast cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


go_id: GO:0043307
term: eosinophil activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


go_id: GO:0043308
term: eosinophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.


go_id: GO:0043312
term: neutrophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.


go_id: GO:0043316
term: cytotoxic T cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.


go_id: GO:0043319
term: positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


go_id: GO:0043320
term: natural killer cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


go_id: GO:0043323
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


go_id: GO:0043324
term: pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


go_id: GO:0043325
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


go_id: GO:0043328
ontology: BP
term:
protein targeting to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

definition:
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


go_id: GO:0043329
ontology: BP
term:
protein targeting to membrane involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

definition:
The process of directing proteins towards a membrane using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway; the destruction of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with a ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway.


go_id: GO:0043330
term: response to exogenous dsRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043331
term: response to dsRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043332
term: mating projection tip
ontology: CC
definition:
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


go_id: GO:0043333
term: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043334
term: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043335
term: protein unfolding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


go_id: GO:0043336
term: site-specific telomere resolvase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.


go_id: GO:0043337
term: CDP-diacylglycerol-phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0043338
term: CTP:2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.


go_id: GO:0043353
term: enucleate erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0043354
term: enucleate erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043362
term: nucleate erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043363
term: nucleate erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


go_id: GO:0043364
term: catalysis of free radical formation
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a reaction that generates a free radical, a highly reactive molecule with an unsatisfied electron valence pair.


go_id: GO:0043365
term: [formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


go_id: GO:0043366
term: beta selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


go_id: GO:0043367
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043368
term: positive T cell selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


go_id: GO:0043369
term: CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


go_id: GO:0043370
term: regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043371
term: negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043372
term: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043373
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043374
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043375
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043376
term: regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043377
term: negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043378
term: positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043382
term: positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043384
term: pre-T cell receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


go_id: GO:0043385
term: mycotoxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043386
term: mycotoxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043387
term: mycotoxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043388
term: positive regulation of DNA binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0043390
term: aflatoxin B1 metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by various species from the Aspergillus group of fungi.


go_id: GO:0043391
term: aflatoxin B2 metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B2, a mycotoxin produced by the fungal species Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius.


go_id: GO:0043392
term: negative regulation of DNA binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0043394
term: proteoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


go_id: GO:0043395
term: heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


go_id: GO:0043396
term: corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.


go_id: GO:0043397
term: regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.


go_id: GO:0043398
term: HLH domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Helix Loop Helix, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.


go_id: GO:0043399
term: tRNA A64-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043400
term: cortisol secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.


go_id: GO:0043403
term: skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.


go_id: GO:0043404
term: corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0043408
term: regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.


go_id: GO:0043409
term: negative regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


go_id: GO:0043410
term: positive regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.


go_id: GO:0043412
term: macromolecule modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


go_id: GO:0043413
term: macromolecule glycosylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043414
term: macromolecule methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043417
term: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


go_id: GO:0043418
term: homocysteine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0043419
term: urea catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


go_id: GO:0043422
term: protein kinase B binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.


go_id: GO:0043425
term: bHLH transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0043426
term: MRF binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.


go_id: GO:0043427
term: carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


go_id: GO:0043428
term: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043429
term: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043430
term: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043431
term: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043433
term: negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


go_id: GO:0043434
term: response to peptide hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


go_id: GO:0043435
term: response to corticotropin-releasing hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


go_id: GO:0043436
term: oxoacid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


go_id: GO:0043438
term: acetoacetic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043441
term: acetoacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043442
term: acetoacetic acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043446
term: cellular alkane metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043447
term: alkane biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.


go_id: GO:0043448
term: alkane catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.


go_id: GO:0043449
term: cellular alkene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043450
term: alkene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


go_id: GO:0043451
term: alkene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


go_id: GO:0043452
term: cellular alkyne metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043453
term: alkyne biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


go_id: GO:0043454
term: alkyne catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


go_id: GO:0043455
term: regulation of secondary metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


go_id: GO:0043456
term: regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043457
term: regulation of cellular respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.


go_id: GO:0043458
term: ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP.


go_id: GO:0043461
term: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.


go_id: GO:0043463
term: regulation of rhamnose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


go_id: GO:0043464
term: malolactic fermentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


go_id: GO:0043465
term: regulation of fermentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


go_id: GO:0043467
term: regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


go_id: GO:0043468
term: regulation of fucose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.


go_id: GO:0043469
term: regulation of D-xylose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


go_id: GO:0043470
term: regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0043471
term: regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043473
term: pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.


go_id: GO:0043474
term: pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.


go_id: GO:0043475
term: pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.


go_id: GO:0043476
term: pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043477
term: pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.


go_id: GO:0043478
term: pigment accumulation in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043479
term: pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043480
term: pigment accumulation in tissues
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043481
term: anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043482
term: cellular pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043483
term: anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043484
term: regulation of RNA splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


go_id: GO:0043487
term: regulation of RNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.


go_id: GO:0043488
term: regulation of mRNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0043490
term: malate-aspartate shuttle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


go_id: GO:0043491
term: protein kinase B signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


go_id: GO:0043492
term: ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance.


go_id: GO:0043493
term: viral terminase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0043494
term: CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.


go_id: GO:0043495
term: protein anchor
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with both a protein or protein complex and a membrane, in order to maintain the localization of the protein at a specific location on the membrane.


go_id: GO:0043496
term: regulation of protein homodimerization activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


go_id: GO:0043497
term: regulation of protein heterodimerization activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


go_id: GO:0043500
term: muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


go_id: GO:0043501
term: skeletal muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.


go_id: GO:0043503
term: skeletal muscle fiber adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


go_id: GO:0043505
term: CENP-A containing nucleosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


go_id: GO:0043509
term: activin A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).


go_id: GO:0043510
term: activin B complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).


go_id: GO:0043511
term: inhibin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.


go_id: GO:0043512
term: inhibin A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.


go_id: GO:0043513
term: inhibin B complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.


go_id: GO:0043514
term: interleukin-12 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


go_id: GO:0043515
term: kinetochore binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.


go_id: GO:0043516
term: regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043517
term: positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043518
term: negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043519
term: regulation of myosin II filament organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043520
term: regulation of myosin II filament assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043521
term: regulation of myosin II filament disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043522
term: leucine zipper domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.


go_id: GO:0043524
term: negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


go_id: GO:0043525
term: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043528
term: tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.


go_id: GO:0043529
term: GET complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex involved in ER/Golgi trafficking (Golgi to ER Traffic). In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


go_id: GO:0043530
term: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate = AMP + NH2. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0043532
term: angiostatin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043534
term: blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043535
term: regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043536
term: positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043537
term: negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043538
term: regulation of actin phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.


go_id: GO:0043540
term: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043541
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043543
term: protein acylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.


go_id: GO:0043544
term: lipoamide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.


go_id: GO:0043545
term: molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


go_id: GO:0043546
term: molybdopterin cofactor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


go_id: GO:0043548
term: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


go_id: GO:0043549
term: regulation of kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


go_id: GO:0043550
term: regulation of lipid kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


go_id: GO:0043551
term: regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


go_id: GO:0043552
term: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0043553
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0043554
term: aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor
ontology: BP
definition:
The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.


go_id: GO:0043555
term: regulation of translation in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043556
term: regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0043557
term: regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0043558
term: regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


go_id: GO:0043559
term: insulin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


go_id: GO:0043560
term: insulin receptor substrate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.


go_id: GO:0043561
term: regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0043562
term: cellular response to nitrogen levels
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


go_id: GO:0043563
term: odorant transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of odorants, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0043564
term: Ku70:Ku80 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.


go_id: GO:0043565
term: sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


go_id: GO:0043566
term: structure-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific structure or configuration e.g. triplex DNA binding or bent DNA binding.


go_id: GO:0043567
term: regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043568
term: positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043569
term: negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043571
term: maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.


go_id: GO:0043572
term: plastid fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.


go_id: GO:0043573
term: leucoplast fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


go_id: GO:0043574
term: peroxisomal transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


go_id: GO:0043575
term: detection of osmotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0043576
term: regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.


go_id: GO:0043577
term: chemotropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0043578
term: nuclear matrix organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


go_id: GO:0043579
term: elaioplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.


go_id: GO:0043580
term: periplasmic space organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.


go_id: GO:0043581
term: mycelium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mycelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mycelium consists of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.


go_id: GO:0043582
term: sporangium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.


go_id: GO:0043583
term: ear development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


go_id: GO:0043584
term: nose development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


go_id: GO:0043585
term: nose morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


go_id: GO:0043586
term: tongue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


go_id: GO:0043587
term: tongue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


go_id: GO:0043588
term: skin development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0043589
term: skin morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0043591
term: endospore external encapsulating structure
ontology: CC
definition:
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.


go_id: GO:0043592
term: exosporium
ontology: CC
definition:
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.


go_id: GO:0043593
term: endospore coat
ontology: CC
definition:
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.


go_id: GO:0043594
term: outer endospore membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


go_id: GO:0043595
term: endospore cortex
ontology: CC
definition:
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0043596
term: nuclear replication fork
ontology: CC
definition:
The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0043597
term: cytoplasmic replication fork
ontology: CC
definition:
The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0043598
term: cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.


go_id: GO:0043599
term: nuclear DNA replication factor C complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.


go_id: GO:0043600
term: cytoplasmic replisome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.


go_id: GO:0043601
term: nuclear replisome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


go_id: GO:0043602
term: nitrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


go_id: GO:0043603
term: cellular amide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043604
term: amide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043605
term: cellular amide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043606
term: formamide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043607
term: formamide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043608
term: formamide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043614
term: multi-eIF complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.


go_id: GO:0043615
term: astrocyte cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.


go_id: GO:0043616
term: keratinocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


go_id: GO:0043617
term: cellular response to sucrose starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.


go_id: GO:0043618
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043619
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0043620
term: regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043622
term: cortical microtubule organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


go_id: GO:0043623
term: cellular protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.


go_id: GO:0043624
term: cellular protein complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.


go_id: GO:0043625
term: delta DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


go_id: GO:0043627
term: response to estrogen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


go_id: GO:0043629
term: ncRNA polyadenylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.


go_id: GO:0043630
term: ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.


go_id: GO:0043632
term: modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.


go_id: GO:0043633
term: polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.


go_id: GO:0043634
term: polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.


go_id: GO:0043635
term: methylnaphthalene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


go_id: GO:0043636
term: bisphenol A catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.


go_id: GO:0043637
term: puromycin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


go_id: GO:0043638
term: puromycin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


go_id: GO:0043639
term: benzoate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


go_id: GO:0043640
term: benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.


go_id: GO:0043641
term: novobiocin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


go_id: GO:0043642
term: novobiocin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


go_id: GO:0043643
term: tetracycline metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0043644
term: tetracycline biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0043645
term: cephalosporin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043646
term: cephalosporin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043647
term: inositol phosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


go_id: GO:0043648
term: dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


go_id: GO:0043649
term: dicarboxylic acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


go_id: GO:0043650
term: dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


go_id: GO:0043651
term: linoleic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


go_id: GO:0043653
term: mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.


go_id: GO:0043654
term: recognition of apoptotic cell
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.


go_id: GO:0043655
term: extracellular space of host
ontology: CC
definition:
The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0043657
term: host cell
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.


go_id: GO:0043658
term: host symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.


go_id: GO:0043659
term: symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).


go_id: GO:0043660
term: bacteroid-containing symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.


go_id: GO:0043661
term: peribacteroid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


go_id: GO:0043662
term: peribacteroid fluid
ontology: CC
definition:
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.


go_id: GO:0043663
term: host bacteroid-containing symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.


go_id: GO:0043664
term: host peribacteroid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


go_id: GO:0043665
term: host peribacteroid fluid
ontology: CC
definition:
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.


go_id: GO:0043666
term: regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.


go_id: GO:0043669
term: ectexine
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.


go_id: GO:0043674
term: columella
ontology: CC
definition:
A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).


go_id: GO:0043677
term: germination pore
ontology: CC
definition:
A small pore in the outer wall of a mycelial spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location.


go_id: GO:0043678
term: intine
ontology: CC
definition:
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0043679
term: axon terminus
ontology: CC
definition:
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


go_id: GO:0043683
term: type IV pilus biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.


go_id: GO:0043684
term: type IV secretion system complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).


go_id: GO:0043685
term: conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043686
term: co-translational protein modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0043687
term: post-translational protein modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0043688
term: conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043689
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one single cell organism to another via adhesion molecules, occurring as a part of flocculation.


go_id: GO:0043690
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one single cell organism to another during flocculation via the interaction a protein in the cell wall of one cell with a carbohydrate in the cell wall of another  In Saccharomyces this process is mannose-sensitive.


go_id: GO:0043691
term: reverse cholesterol transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.


go_id: GO:0043693
term: monoterpene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


go_id: GO:0043694
term: monoterpene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


go_id: GO:0043695
term: detection of pheromone
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0043696
term: dedifferentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.


go_id: GO:0043697
term: cell dedifferentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


go_id: GO:0043698
term: iridosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043699
term: leucosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.


go_id: GO:0043700
term: pterinosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043701
term: cyanosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043702
term: carotenoid vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vescicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043703
term: photoreceptor cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0043704
term: photoreceptor cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0043705
term: cyanophycin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.


go_id: GO:0043706
ontology: BP
term:
heterophilic cell adhesion involved in cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein

definition:
The attachment of an erythrocyte to the microvasculature via a parasite cell adhesion molecule. This may be via attachment to host endothelial cell ECM or to endothelial cell adhesion molecules. An example of this occurs during infection with the malaria parasite.


go_id: GO:0043707
term: cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


go_id: GO:0043708
term: cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.


go_id: GO:0043709
term: cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.


go_id: GO:0043710
term: cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.


go_id: GO:0043711
term: pilus organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.


go_id: GO:0043712
term: 2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.


go_id: GO:0043715
term: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.


go_id: GO:0043716
term: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.


go_id: GO:0043719
term: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


go_id: GO:0043720
term: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.


go_id: GO:0043723
term: 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.


go_id: GO:0043726
term: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043728
term: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0043729
term: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one formate-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + formate.


go_id: GO:0043730
term: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


go_id: GO:0043731
term: 6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.


go_id: GO:0043733
term: DNA-3-methylbase glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


go_id: GO:0043734
term: DNA-N1-methyladenine dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA and RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0043916
term: DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0052821
term: DNA-7-methyladenine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0052822
term: DNA-3-methylguanine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0043737
term: deoxyribonuclease V activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043738
term: reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.


go_id: GO:0043739
term: G/U mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0043740
term: GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043743
term: LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


go_id: GO:0043744
term: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043745
term: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043746
term: N2-acetyl-L-lysine aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + L-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + N2-acetyl-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0043748
term: O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0043750
term: phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.


go_id: GO:0043752
term: adenosylcobinamide kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).


go_id: GO:0043754
term: dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


go_id: GO:0043757
term: adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.


go_id: GO:0043759
term: branched-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0043760
term: acetyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0043764
term: UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] glucosamine N-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043765
term: T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.


go_id: GO:0043767
term: pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).


go_id: GO:0043768
term: S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043769
term: Tpg-containing telomere binding complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.


go_id: GO:0043770
term: demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043772
term: acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043773
term: coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


go_id: GO:0043774
term: coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043775
term: cobyrinate a,c-diamide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobyrinate + 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043776
term: cobalt-precorrin-6B C5-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.


go_id: GO:0043777
term: cobalt-precorrin-7 C15-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.


go_id: GO:0043780
term: cobalt-precorrin-5B C1-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


go_id: GO:0043781
term: cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.


go_id: GO:0043782
term: cobalt-precorrin-3 C17-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043783
term: oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions with flavin as acceptor
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0043784
term: cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide + FMN + 3 H(+) = 2 cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + FMNH(2).


go_id: GO:0043785
term: cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.


go_id: GO:0043791
term: dimethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.


go_id: GO:0043792
term: enamidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H(2)O = 2-formylglutarate + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0043793
term: beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043797
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043799
term: glycine oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0043801
term: hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043802
term: hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043803
term: hydroxyneurosporene-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = spheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043805
term: indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043807
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043808
term: lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043810
term: ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043811
term: phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043813
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043814
term: phospholactate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043815
term: phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043816
term: phosphoserine-tRNA(Cys) ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).


go_id: GO:0043819
term: precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.


go_id: GO:0043822
term: ribonuclease M5 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


go_id: GO:0043824
term: succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0043825
term: succinylornithine transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0043826
term: sulfur oxygenase reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.


go_id: GO:0043828
term: tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).


go_id: GO:0043830
term: thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.


go_id: GO:0043833
term: methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


go_id: GO:0043834
term: trimethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.


go_id: GO:0043838
term: phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0043839
term: lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


go_id: GO:0043840
term: branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0043842
term: Kdo transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.


go_id: GO:0043845
term: DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.


go_id: GO:0043846
term: DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.


go_id: GO:0043847
term: DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).


go_id: GO:0043848
term: excinuclease cho activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.


go_id: GO:0043849
term: Ras palmitoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.


go_id: GO:0043850
term: RecFOR complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.


go_id: GO:0043851
term: methanol-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


go_id: GO:0043852
term: monomethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


go_id: GO:0043853
term: methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.


go_id: GO:0043854
term: cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0043855
term: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0043856
term: anti-sigma factor antagonist activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.


go_id: GO:0043857
term: N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043860
term: cyanophycin synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).


go_id: GO:0043864
term: indoleacetamide hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.


go_id: GO:0043866
term: adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043867
term: 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.


go_id: GO:0043869
term: alpha-aminoadipate acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


go_id: GO:0043870
term: N-acetyl-gamma-aminoadipyl-phosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0043871
term: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0043873
term: pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


go_id: GO:0043874
term: acireductone synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043879
term: glycolate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).


go_id: GO:0043882
term: malate:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0043886
term: structural constituent of carboxysome
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome, an organelle found in the Cyanobacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide.


go_id: GO:0043887
term: melibiose:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0043888
term: (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043889
term: (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043890
term: N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0043891
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0043893
term: acetate:cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).


go_id: GO:0043894
term: acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.


go_id: GO:0043895
term: cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.


go_id: GO:0043896
term: glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


go_id: GO:0043897
term: glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


go_id: GO:0043899
term: phosphoserine:homoserine phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.


go_id: GO:0043900
term: regulation of multi-organism process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.


go_id: GO:0043901
term: negative regulation of multi-organism process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.


go_id: GO:0043902
term: positive regulation of multi-organism process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.


go_id: GO:0043903
term: regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.


go_id: GO:0043913
term: chromosome segregation-directing complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.


go_id: GO:0043918
term: cadaverine aminopropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.


go_id: GO:0043919
term: agmatine aminopropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


go_id: GO:0043921
term: modulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


go_id: GO:0043922
term: negative regulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


go_id: GO:0043923
term: positive regulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process is which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.


go_id: GO:0043924
term: suramin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.


go_id: GO:0043927
ontology: BP
term:
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay

definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.


go_id: GO:0043928
term: exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.


go_id: GO:0043929
term: primary ovarian follicle growth involved in double layer follicle stage
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043930
term: primary ovarian follicle growth involved in primary follicle stage
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043931
term: ossification involved in bone maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


go_id: GO:0043932
term: ossification involved in bone remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


go_id: GO:0043933
term: macromolecular complex subunit organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0043934
term: sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043935
term: sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043936
term: asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043937
term: regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043938
term: positive regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043939
term: negative regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043940
term: regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043941
term: positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043942
term: negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043943
term: regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043944
term: negative regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043945
term: positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043946
term: positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043947
term: positive regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043948
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043949
term: regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0043950
term: positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0043951
term: negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0043952
term: protein transport by the Sec complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.


go_id: GO:0043953
term: protein transport by the Tat complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.


go_id: GO:0043954
term: cellular component maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


go_id: GO:0043955
term: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043958
term: acryloyl-CoA reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein.


go_id: GO:0043962
term: negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043963
term: modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043964
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043965
term: negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043970
term: histone H3-K9 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043971
term: histone H3-K18 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043972
term: histone H3-K23 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043973
term: histone H3-K4 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043974
term: histone H3-K27 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043975
term: histone H3-K36 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043976
term: histone H3-K79 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043977
term: histone H2A-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043978
term: histone H2A-K9 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043979
term: histone H2B-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043980
term: histone H2B-K12 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043981
term: histone H4-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043982
term: histone H4-K8 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043983
term: histone H4-K12 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043984
term: histone H4-K16 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043985
term: histone H4-R3 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043987
term: histone H3-S10 phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043988
term: histone H3-S28 phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043989
term: histone H4-S1 phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043990
term: histone H2A-S1 phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043991
term: histone H2B-S14 phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043992
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


go_id: GO:0043993
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).


go_id: GO:0043994
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


go_id: GO:0043995
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0043996
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).


go_id: GO:0043997
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


go_id: GO:0043998
term: H2A histone acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0043999
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0044000
term: movement in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044001
term: migration in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044002
term: acquisition of nutrients from host
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044003
term: modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044004
term: disruption by symbiont of host cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cells. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044005
term: induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism causes the formation of a mass of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044006
term: induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism causes the formation in its host organism of a growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044007
term: dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism from a host to another host or from a host to another place in the environment. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044008
term: dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host by vector
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism from one host to another (or another place in the environment) by means of a third organism (often an insect or other animal). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044009
term: viral transmission by vector
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of virions by means of an organism (often an insect or other animal) in order to create new infection.


go_id: GO:0044010
term: single-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044011
term: single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044012
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K9 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


go_id: GO:0044013
term: H2B histone acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0044014
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0044015
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K12 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


go_id: GO:0044016
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).


go_id: GO:0044017
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).


go_id: GO:0044018
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).


go_id: GO:0044019
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K72 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).


go_id: GO:0044020
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4.


go_id: GO:0044022
term: histone kinase activity (H3-S28 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-28 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


go_id: GO:0044023
term: histone kinase activity (H4-S1 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H4.


go_id: GO:0044024
term: histone kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.


go_id: GO:0044025
term: histone kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-14 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


go_id: GO:0044027
term: hypermethylation of CpG island
ontology: BP
definition:
An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


go_id: GO:0044029
term: hypomethylation of CpG island
ontology: BP
definition:
An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


go_id: GO:0044030
term: regulation of DNA methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.


go_id: GO:0044031
term: modification by symbiont of host protein by phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism adds a phosphate group to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044032
term: modulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044033
term: multi-organism metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044034
term: multi-organism biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044035
term: multi-organism catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044036
term: cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0044037
term: multi-organism cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall, involving more than one organism. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0044038
term: cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.


go_id: GO:0044040
term: multi-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044041
term: multi-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044043
term: multi-organism glucan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, involving more than one organism.


go_id: GO:0044044
term: interaction with host via substance in symbiont surface
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance on the surface of the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044045
term: interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044046
term: interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis.


go_id: GO:0044047
term: interaction with host via protein secreted by type I secretion system
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type I secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044048
term: interaction with host via protein secreted by type V secretion system
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type V secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044049
term: interaction with host via protein secreted by type VI secretion system
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type VI secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044050
term: interaction with host via substance released by sporangium lysis
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044051
term: interaction with host via substance released by symbiont cytolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via cytolysis of symbiont cells. Cytolysis is the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044052
term: interaction with host via substance released by membrane budding
ontology: BP
definition:
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via symbiont membrane budding, the evagination of a membrane resulting in formation of a vesicle.


go_id: GO:0044053
term: translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044055
term: modulation by symbiont of host system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a system process in the host. A system process is a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.


go_id: GO:0044056
term: modulation by symbiont of host digestive system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044057
term: regulation of system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.


go_id: GO:0044058
term: regulation of digestive system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044059
term: modulation by symbiont of host endocrine process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044060
term: regulation of endocrine process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0044061
term: modulation by symbiont of host excretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of excretion, the elimination by the host organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


go_id: GO:0044062
term: regulation of excretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


go_id: GO:0044063
term: modulation by symbiont of host neurological system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


go_id: GO:0044064
term: modulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


go_id: GO:0044065
term: regulation of respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


go_id: GO:0044066
term: modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.


go_id: GO:0044067
term: modification by symbiont of host intercellular junctions
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.


go_id: GO:0044068
term: modulation by symbiont of host cellular process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044069
term: modulation by symbiont of host anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044070
term: regulation of anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0044071
term: modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.


go_id: GO:0044072
term: negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.


go_id: GO:0044073
term: modulation by symbiont of host translation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044074
term: negative regulation by symbiont of host translation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044075
term: modulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044076
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044077
term: modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044078
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044079
term: modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044080
term: modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0044081
term: modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


go_id: GO:0044082
term: modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044083
term: modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044084
term: host cell membrane pore complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.


go_id: GO:0044085
term: cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044087
term: regulation of cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044088
term: regulation of vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


go_id: GO:0044089
term: positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044090
term: positive regulation of vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


go_id: GO:0044091
term: membrane biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


go_id: GO:0044092
term: negative regulation of molecular function
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


go_id: GO:0044093
term: positive regulation of molecular function
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


go_id: GO:0044094
term: host cell nuclear part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044095
term: host cell nucleoplasm
ontology: CC
definition:
That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044096
term: type IV pilus
ontology: CC
definition:
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.


go_id: GO:0044099
term: polar tube
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.


go_id: GO:0044100
term: sporoplasm
ontology: CC
definition:
The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.


go_id: GO:0044102
term: purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


go_id: GO:0044107
term: cellular alcohol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044108
term: cellular alcohol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, carried out at the level of an individual cell.


go_id: GO:0044109
term: cellular alcohol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, occurring at the level of the individual cell.


go_id: GO:0044110
term: growth involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044111
term: development involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044112
term: growth in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.


go_id: GO:0044113
term: development in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.


go_id: GO:0044114
term: development of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044115
term: development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044116
term: growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044117
term: growth of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044118
term: development of symbiont in host cell
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044119
term: growth of symbiont in host cell
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044120
term: development of symbiont in host organelle
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044121
term: growth of symbiont in host organelle
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a symbiont, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044122
term: development of symbiont in host vascular tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044123
term: growth of symbiont in host vascular tissue
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044124
term: development of symbiont in host intercellular space
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044125
term: growth of symbiont in host intercellular space
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044132
term: development of symbiont on or near host
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044134
term: development of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044135
term: growth of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044136
term: development of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044137
term: growth of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044138
term: modulation of development of symbiont on or near host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044139
term: modulation of growth of symbiont on or near host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044140
term: negative regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in the symbiont's size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044141
term: negative regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044142
term: positive regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's increase in size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044143
term: positive regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044144
term: modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044145
term: modulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044146
term: negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044147
term: negative regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044148
term: positive regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044149
term: positive regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044150
term: development of organism on or near symbiont surface
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044151
term: growth of organism on or near symbiont surface
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044152
term: development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044153
term: growth on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044154
term: histone H3-K14 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0044155
term: host caveola
ontology: CC
definition:
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044156
term: host cell junction
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0044158
term: host cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0044159
term: host thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0044163
term: host cytoskeleton
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of host cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the host cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the host cell. The various elements of the host cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of host cellular shape but also have roles in other host cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


go_id: GO:0044164
term: host cell cytosol
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0044165
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


go_id: GO:0044168
term: host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


go_id: GO:0044170
term: host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


go_id: GO:0044172
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.


go_id: GO:0044173
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


go_id: GO:0044174
term: host cell endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.


go_id: GO:0044176
term: host cell filopodium
ontology: CC
definition:
Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.


go_id: GO:0044177
term: host cell Golgi apparatus
ontology: CC
definition:
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


go_id: GO:0044179
term: hemolysis in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


go_id: GO:0044184
term: host cell late endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


go_id: GO:0044187
term: host cell lysosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


go_id: GO:0044188
term: host cell lysosomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044190
term: host cell mitochondrial envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0044191
term: host cell mitochondrial membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


go_id: GO:0044192
term: host cell mitochondrial inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


go_id: GO:0044194
term: cytolytic granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.


go_id: GO:0044195
term: nucleoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.


go_id: GO:0044197
term: Rel homology domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.


go_id: GO:0044199
term: host cell nuclear envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


go_id: GO:0044200
term: host cell nuclear membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0044202
term: host cell nuclear outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


go_id: GO:0044203
term: host cell nuclear lamina
ontology: CC
definition:
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.


go_id: GO:0044205
term: 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen.


go_id: GO:0044206
term: UMP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044207
term: translation initiation ternary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


go_id: GO:0044208
term: 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


go_id: GO:0044209
term: AMP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044210
term: 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


go_id: GO:0044211
term: CTP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044213
term: intronic transcription regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA region that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


go_id: GO:0044214
term: spanning component of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0044219
term: host cell plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.


go_id: GO:0044221
term: host cell synapse
ontology: CC
definition:
The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.


go_id: GO:0044222
term: anammoxosome
ontology: CC
definition:
An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.


go_id: GO:0044223
term: pirellulosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044227
term: methane-oxidizing organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.


go_id: GO:0044229
term: host cell periplasmic space
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


go_id: GO:0044230
term: host cell envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


go_id: GO:0044231
term: host cell presynaptic membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0044232
term: organelle membrane contact site
ontology: CC
definition:
A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.


go_id: GO:0044233
term: ER-mitochondrion membrane contact site
ontology: CC
definition:
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.


go_id: GO:0044236
term: multicellular organismal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways in a single multicellular organism that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.


go_id: GO:0044238
term: primary metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


go_id: GO:0044239
term: salivary polysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides by salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is released by salivary glands, usually in the mouth.


go_id: GO:0044240
term: multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0044241
term: lipid digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044242
term: cellular lipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044243
term: multicellular organismal catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.


go_id: GO:0044244
term: multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0044245
term: polysaccharide digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044246
term: regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044247
term: cellular polysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044248
term: cellular catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044249
term: cellular biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044250
term: negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation
ontology: BP
definition:
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.


go_id: GO:0044251
term: protein catabolic process by pepsin
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by pepsin in the stomach. Pepsin is generated from its precursor pepsinogen, which is activated by hydrolchloric acid (gastric acid).


go_id: GO:0044252
term: negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044253
term: positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044254
term: multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in a multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044256
term: protein digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044258
term: intestinal lipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


go_id: GO:0044259
term: multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044260
term: cellular macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044261
term: multicellular organismal carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in a single multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044262
term: cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044263
term: multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044264
term: cellular polysaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044265
term: cellular macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044266
term: multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044267
term: cellular protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.


go_id: GO:0044268
term: multicellular organismal protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044269
term: glycerol ether catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


go_id: GO:0044270
term: cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


go_id: GO:0044271
term: cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


go_id: GO:0044272
term: sulfur compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


go_id: GO:0044273
term: sulfur compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


go_id: GO:0044274
term: multicellular organismal biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044275
term: cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044276
term: multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in a single multicellular organism occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.


go_id: GO:0044278
term: cell wall disruption in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process carried out by an organism that results in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044280
term: subplasmalemmal coating
ontology: CC
definition:
Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0044281
term: small molecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044282
term: small molecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044283
term: small molecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044284
term: mitochondrial crista junction
ontology: CC
definition:
A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


go_id: GO:0044285
term: bridge contact site
ontology: CC
definition:
Site of contact between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane found in neuronal mitochondria; may play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the inner and outer boundary membranes.


go_id: GO:0044286
term: peg and socket contact
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.


go_id: GO:0044288
term: puncta adhaerentia
ontology: CC
definition:
A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.


go_id: GO:0044291
term: cell-cell contact zone
ontology: CC
definition:
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


go_id: GO:0044292
term: dendrite terminus
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.


go_id: GO:0044293
term: dendriole
ontology: CC
definition:
Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


go_id: GO:0044296
term: dendritic tuft
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.


go_id: GO:0044297
term: cell body
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.


go_id: GO:0044298
term: cell body membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.


go_id: GO:0044299
term: C-fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.


go_id: GO:0044300
term: cerebellar mossy fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons as "mossy" appearance in Golgi stained preparations.


go_id: GO:0044301
term: climbing fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to "climb" along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.


go_id: GO:0044304
term: main axon
ontology: CC
definition:
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.


go_id: GO:0044305
term: calyx of Held
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0044309
term: neuron spine
ontology: CC
definition:
A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.


go_id: GO:0044310
term: osmiophilic body
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.


go_id: GO:0044311
term: exoneme
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.


go_id: GO:0044312
term: crystalloid
ontology: CC
definition:
A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.


go_id: GO:0044313
term: protein K6-linked deubiquitination
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


go_id: GO:0044314
term: protein K27-linked ubiquitination
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


go_id: GO:0044315
term: protein secretion by the type VII secretion system
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.


go_id: GO:0044316
term: cone cell pedicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


go_id: GO:0044317
term: rod spherule
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.


go_id: GO:0044319
term: wound healing, spreading of cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


go_id: GO:0044320
term: cellular response to leptin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044321
term: response to leptin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


go_id: GO:0044322
term: endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
ontology: CC
definition:
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


go_id: GO:0044323
term: retinoic acid-responsive element binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


go_id: GO:0044324
term: regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


go_id: GO:0044328
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.


go_id: GO:0044329
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.


go_id: GO:0044330
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


go_id: GO:0044331
term: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


go_id: GO:0044332
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.


go_id: GO:0044333
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


go_id: GO:0044334
ontology: BP
term:
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


go_id: GO:0044335
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044336
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0044337
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0044338
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044339
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044340
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.


go_id: GO:0044341
term: sodium-dependent phosphate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.


go_id: GO:0044342
term: type B pancreatic cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


go_id: GO:0044343
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


go_id: GO:0044344
term: cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


go_id: GO:0044345
term: stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.


go_id: GO:0044346
term: fibroblast apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


go_id: GO:0044348
term: plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.


go_id: GO:0044349
term: DNA excision
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


go_id: GO:0044350
term: micropinocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.


go_id: GO:0044351
term: macropinocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


go_id: GO:0044356
term: clearance of foreign intracellular DNA by conversion of DNA cytidine to uridine
ontology: BP
definition:
A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA. The process begins by the deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines. These atypical DNA nucleosides are then converted by a uracil DNA glycosylase to abasic lesions, and the process ends with the degradation of the foreign DNA.


go_id: GO:0044357
term: regulation of rRNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.


go_id: GO:0044358
term: envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044360
term: modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044361
term: negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044362
term: negative regulation of molecular function in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044363
term: modulation of potassium channel activity in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044364
term: disruption of cells of other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells.


go_id: GO:0044365
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044367
term: feeding from tissue of other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a particular tissue e.g. vascular tissue.


go_id: GO:0044368
term: feeding from vascular tissue of another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a vascular tissue.


go_id: GO:0044369
term: feeding on blood of other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The behaviour of feeding on the blood of another organism via specialized mouth parts and chemical agents used to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of hosts.


go_id: GO:0044370
term: injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of forcing a substance into the bloodstream of another organism, whilst feeding on blood of other organism. The substance may facilitate the feeding process, e.g. by preventing the blood from clotting.


go_id: GO:0044371
term: feeding from phloem of other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The behaviour of consuming phloem sap, usually by penetration of the phloem wall, for the purposes of nutrition.


go_id: GO:0044373
term: cytokinin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0044374
term: sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044375
term: regulation of peroxisome size
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


go_id: GO:0044376
term: RNA polymerase II complex import to nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II core complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0044377
term: RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044378
term: non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044380
term: protein localization to cytoskeleton
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0044381
term: glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0044382
term: CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex localization to heterochromatin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process by which a CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.


go_id: GO:0044383
term: host chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044384
term: host outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044385
term: integral to membrane of host cell
ontology: CC
definition:
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. Occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044386
term: integral to host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. Occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044387
term: negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


go_id: GO:0044388
term: small protein activating enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small protein activating enzyme, such as ubiquitin-activating enzyme.


go_id: GO:0044389
term: ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.


go_id: GO:0044390
term: ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.


go_id: GO:0044391
term: ribosomal subunit
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.


go_id: GO:0044395
term: protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.


go_id: GO:0044396
term: actin cortical patch organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


go_id: GO:0044397
term: actin cortical patch internalization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process of actin cortical patch localization in which the patch moves from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.


go_id: GO:0044398
term: envenomation resulting in induction of edema in other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.


go_id: GO:0044399
term: multi-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044400
term: multi-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044401
term: multi-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation,  resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription.  The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044402
term: competition with other organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism within a multispecies community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that community.


go_id: GO:0044405
term: recognition of host
ontology: BP
definition:
The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044406
term: adhesion of symbiont to host
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044407
term: single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044410
term: entry into host through natural portals
ontology: BP
definition:
Penetration by an organism into its host organism via naturally occurring openings in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044411
term: entry into host through host barriers
ontology: BP
definition:
Penetration by an organism into its host organism via active breaching of the physical barriers of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044413
term: avoidance of host defenses
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, suppresses or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044414
term: suppression of host defenses
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044415
term: evasion or tolerance of host defenses
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044416
term: induction by symbiont of host defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044417
term: translocation of molecules into host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044418
term: translocation of DNA into host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044420
term: extracellular matrix component
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).


go_id: GO:0044421
term: extracellular region part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


go_id: GO:0044422
term: organelle part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0044424
term: intracellular part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044425
term: membrane part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0044426
term: cell wall part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0044427
term: chromosomal part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.


go_id: GO:0044428
term: nuclear part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.


go_id: GO:0044429
term: mitochondrial part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.


go_id: GO:0044430
term: cytoskeletal part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.


go_id: GO:0044431
term: Golgi apparatus part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


go_id: GO:0044432
term: endoplasmic reticulum part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.


go_id: GO:0044433
term: cytoplasmic vesicle part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.


go_id: GO:0044434
term: chloroplast part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.


go_id: GO:0044435
term: plastid part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.


go_id: GO:0044436
term: thylakoid part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.


go_id: GO:0044437
term: vacuolar part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.


go_id: GO:0044438
term: microbody part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


go_id: GO:0044440
term: endosomal part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.


go_id: GO:0044441
term: ciliary part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


