# go_term

go_id: GO:0000001
term: mitochondrion inheritance
ontology: BP
definition:
The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0000002
term: mitochondrial genome maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000003
term: reproduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.


go_id: GO:0042254
term: ribosome biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044183
term: protein binding involved in protein folding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) that contributes to the process of protein folding.


go_id: GO:0000006
term: high-affinity zinc uptake transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in), probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0000007
term: low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0015036
term: disulfide oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


go_id: GO:0000009
term: alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


go_id: GO:0000010
term: trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000011
term: vacuole inheritance
ontology: BP
definition:
The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0000012
term: single strand break repair
ontology: BP
definition:
The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.


go_id: GO:0000014
term: single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


go_id: GO:0000015
term: phosphopyruvate hydratase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.


go_id: GO:0000017
term: alpha-glucoside transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


go_id: GO:0000018
term: regulation of DNA recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.


go_id: GO:0000022
term: mitotic spindle elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. Spindle elongation begins during prophase and ends during anaphase B.


go_id: GO:0000023
term: maltose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.


go_id: GO:0000024
term: maltose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).


go_id: GO:0000025
term: maltose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).


go_id: GO:0000026
term: alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


go_id: GO:0000027
term: ribosomal large subunit assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.


go_id: GO:0000028
term: ribosomal small subunit assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


go_id: GO:0000030
term: mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0000032
term: cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


go_id: GO:0000033
term: alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


go_id: GO:0000035
term: acyl binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid.


go_id: GO:0000036
term: ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) as part of the process of fatty acid biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0000038
term: very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


go_id: GO:0005324
term: long-chain fatty acid transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0005886
term: plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0000040
term: low-affinity iron ion transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0000041
term: transition metal ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


go_id: GO:0000042
term: protein targeting to Golgi
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein.


go_id: GO:0000045
term: autophagosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0009055
term: electron carrier activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0000048
term: peptidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-tRNA(1) + aminoacyl-tRNA(2) = tRNA(1) + peptidylaminoacyl-tRNA(2).


go_id: GO:0000050
term: urea cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000052
term: citrulline metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


go_id: GO:0000053
term: argininosuccinate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.


go_id: GO:0000059
term: protein import into nucleus, docking
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein complex assembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the association of a cargo protein, a carrier protein such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer, and a nucleoporin located at the periphery of the nuclear pore complex.


go_id: GO:0000060
term: protein import into nucleus, translocation
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.


go_id: GO:0000061
term: protein import into nucleus, substrate release
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein complex disassembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the dissociation of the cargo protein and the carrier (such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer) from each other and from the nuclear pore complex.


go_id: GO:0000062
term: fatty-acyl-CoA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.


go_id: GO:0000064
term: L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0000066
term: mitochondrial ornithine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0006260
term: DNA replication
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.


go_id: GO:0007059
term: chromosome segregation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.


go_id: GO:0051276
term: chromosome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000070
term: mitotic sister chromatid segregation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


go_id: GO:0007017
term: microtubule-based process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0000073
term: spindle pole body separation
ontology: BP
definition:
A largely uncharacterized process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane. Duplicated SPBs are connected by a bridge structure that may be severed in order to release the SPBs from one another. Following liberation, SPBs diffuse through the nuclear membrane until they are across from each other. SPB separation must take place in order for a bipolar mitotic spindle to assemble.


go_id: GO:0000075
term: cell cycle checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.


go_id: GO:0000076
term: DNA replication checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle checkpoint that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


go_id: GO:0000077
term: DNA damage checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.


go_id: GO:0044878
term: cytokinesis checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and negatively regulates mitosis in the following cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0044879
term: morphogenesis checkpoint
ontology: BP
definition:
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays mitotic onset in response to perturbations that affect cell shape via the actin cytoskeleton, septin organization, small cell size, and/or the extent of membrane growth.


go_id: GO:0000079
term: regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0000080
term: mitotic G1 phase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


go_id: GO:0000082
term: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.


go_id: GO:0000083
term: regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000084
term: mitotic S phase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000085
term: mitotic G2 phase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.


go_id: GO:0000086
term: G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.


go_id: GO:0000087
term: mitotic M phase
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000088
term: mitotic prophase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


go_id: GO:0000089
term: mitotic metaphase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000090
term: mitotic anaphase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000091
term: mitotic anaphase A
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase during which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles as part of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0000092
term: mitotic anaphase B
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0000093
term: mitotic telophase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


go_id: GO:0000917
term: barrier septum assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a barrier septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.


go_id: GO:0000921
term: septin ring assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.


go_id: GO:0000095
term: S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of S-adenosylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other. S-adenosylmethionine is S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


go_id: GO:0000096
term: sulfur amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


go_id: GO:0000097
term: sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


go_id: GO:0000098
term: sulfur amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


go_id: GO:0000099
term: sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.


go_id: GO:0000101
term: sulfur amino acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0000102
term: L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0000105
term: histidine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0000107
term: imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0000110
term: nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.


go_id: GO:0000111
term: nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


go_id: GO:0000112
term: nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).


go_id: GO:0000113
term: nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.


go_id: GO:0000117
term: regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000122
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000124
term: SAGA complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof; additional polypeptides include Spt group, consisting of Spt7, Spt3, and Spt20/Ada5, which interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP); the Ada group, consisting of Ada1, Ada2, Ada3, Ada4/Gcn5, and Ada5/Spt20, which is functionally linked to the nucleosomal HAT activity; Tra1, an ATM/PI-3 kinase-related protein that targets DNA-bound activators for recruitment to promoters; the TBP-associated factor (TAF) proteins, consisting of Taf5, Taf6, Taf9, Taf10, and Taf12, which mediate nucleosomal HAT activity and are thought to help recruit the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0000125
term: PCAF complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex, but includes fewer Spt and Ada proteins, and more TAFs.


go_id: GO:0000126
term: transcription factor TFIIIB complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


go_id: GO:0000127
term: transcription factor TFIIIC complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species. It also functions as a boundary element to partition genome content into distinct domains outside Pol III promoter regions.


go_id: GO:0000128
term: flocculation
ontology: BP
definition:
The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms in suspension to form aggregates of many cells known as flocs.


go_id: GO:0000131
term: incipient cellular bud site
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.


go_id: GO:0000132
term: establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.


go_id: GO:0000133
term: polarisome
ontology: CC
definition:
Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.


go_id: GO:0000136
term: alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, multiprotein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.


go_id: GO:0000137
term: Golgi cis cisterna
ontology: CC
definition:
The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.


go_id: GO:0000138
term: Golgi trans cisterna
ontology: CC
definition:
The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.


go_id: GO:0000140
term: acylglycerone-phosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H(+).


go_id: GO:0000142
term: cellular bud neck contractile ring
ontology: CC
definition:
A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000144
term: cellular bud neck septin ring
ontology: CC
definition:
A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.


go_id: GO:0000145
term: exocyst
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.


go_id: GO:0000146
term: microfilament motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of movement along a microfilament, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).


go_id: GO:0000147
term: actin cortical patch assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


go_id: GO:0000148
term: 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.


go_id: GO:0000149
term: SNARE binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.


go_id: GO:0000150
term: recombinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the identification and base-pairing of homologous sequences between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0000151
term: ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.


go_id: GO:0000154
term: rRNA modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


go_id: GO:0000155
term: phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.


go_id: GO:0000156
term: phosphorelay response regulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.


go_id: GO:0000159
term: protein phosphatase type 2A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.


go_id: GO:0000160
term: phosphorelay signal transduction system
ontology: BP
definition:
A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.


go_id: GO:0000162
term: tryptophan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.


go_id: GO:0000164
term: protein phosphatase type 1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


go_id: GO:0000165
term: MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


go_id: GO:0000166
term: nucleotide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0000167
term: activation of MAPKKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.


go_id: GO:0000168
term: activation of MAPKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.


go_id: GO:0000169
term: activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase activity during osmolarity sensing.


go_id: GO:0000171
term: ribonuclease MRP activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.


go_id: GO:0000172
term: ribonuclease MRP complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.


go_id: GO:0000750
term: pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000179
term: rRNA (adenine-N6,N6-)-dimethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the dimethylation two adjacent A residues in the loop closing the 3'-terminal stem of the 18S rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.


go_id: GO:0000184
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
ontology: BP
definition:
The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.


go_id: GO:0000197
term: activation of MAPKKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0000198
term: activation of MAPKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0000199
term: activation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0000200
term: inactivation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0000201
term: MAPK import into nucleus involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus that occurs in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0005515
term: protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).


go_id: GO:0019941
term: modification-dependent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.


go_id: GO:0042787
term: protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a ubiquitin group, or multiple groups, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein.


go_id: GO:0000212
term: meiotic spindle organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000213
term: tRNA-intron endonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


go_id: GO:0000214
term: tRNA-intron endonuclease complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


go_id: GO:0000215
term: tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.


go_id: GO:0000217
term: DNA secondary structure binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing secondary structure elements such as four-way junctions, bubbles, loops, Y-form DNA, or double-strand/single-strand junctions.


go_id: GO:0016469
term: proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.


go_id: GO:0000224
term: peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.


go_id: GO:0000225
term: N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


go_id: GO:0000226
term: microtubule cytoskeleton organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0000227
term: oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.


go_id: GO:0000794
term: condensed nuclear chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure that remains in the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0000793
term: condensed chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.


go_id: GO:0000234
term: phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0000235
term: astral microtubule
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


go_id: GO:0000236
term: mitotic prometaphase
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.


go_id: GO:0000237
term: leptotene
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


go_id: GO:0000238
term: zygotene
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.


go_id: GO:0000239
term: pachytene
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000240
term: diplotene
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.


go_id: GO:0000241
term: diakinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


go_id: GO:0000242
term: pericentriolar material
ontology: CC
definition:
A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.


go_id: GO:0000243
term: commitment complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the U1 snRNP with the 5' splice site of an unspliced intron in an RNA transcript.


go_id: GO:0000244
term: spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.


go_id: GO:0000245
term: spliceosomal complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.


go_id: GO:0000246
term: delta24(24-1) sterol reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP(+) = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0000248
term: C-5 sterol desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


go_id: GO:0000249
term: C-22 sterol desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


go_id: GO:0000250
term: lanosterol synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lanosterol. This is a cyclization reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.


go_id: GO:0000252
term: C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


go_id: GO:0000254
term: C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H(+) + O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0000255
term: allantoin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism.


go_id: GO:0000256
term: allantoin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


go_id: GO:0000257
term: nitrilase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


go_id: GO:0005283
term: sodium:amino acid symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005304
term: L-valine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0015188
term: L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0005337
term: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0005622
term: intracellular
ontology: CC
definition:
The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0046961
term: proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


go_id: GO:0046962
term: sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005834
term: heterotrimeric G-protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein.


go_id: GO:0000266
term: mitochondrial fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


go_id: GO:0005575
term: cellular_component
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.


go_id: GO:0000268
term: peroxisome targeting sequence binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peroxisomal targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome.


go_id: GO:0000269
term: toxin export channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0000270
term: peptidoglycan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.


go_id: GO:0000271
term: polysaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


go_id: GO:0000272
term: polysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


go_id: GO:0000274
term: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
ontology: CC
definition:
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.


go_id: GO:0000275
term: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
ontology: CC
definition:
The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


go_id: GO:0000276
term: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
ontology: CC
definition:
All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.


go_id: GO:0000277
term: [cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


go_id: GO:0000278
term: mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.


go_id: GO:0000279
term: M phase
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


go_id: GO:0000280
term: nuclear division
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.


go_id: GO:0000281
term: mitotic cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0000282
term: cellular bud site selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000753
term: cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000285
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0000288
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
ontology: BP
definition:
A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.


go_id: GO:0000289
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
ontology: BP
definition:
Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


go_id: GO:0000290
term: deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length.


go_id: GO:0000291
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.


go_id: GO:0000292
term: RNA fragment catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.


go_id: GO:0000294
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
ontology: BP
definition:
A minor degradation pathway nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that begins with an endonucleolytic cleavage to generate unprotected ends.


go_id: GO:0000295
term: adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0000296
term: spermine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0000297
term: spermine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of the membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


go_id: GO:0000298
term: endopolyphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.


go_id: GO:0016021
term: integral component of membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0019898
term: extrinsic component of membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


go_id: GO:0000301
term: retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi
ontology: BP
definition:
The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.


go_id: GO:0000302
term: response to reactive oxygen species
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


go_id: GO:0000303
term: response to superoxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


go_id: GO:0000304
term: response to singlet oxygen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


go_id: GO:0000305
term: response to oxygen radical
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


go_id: GO:0000306
term: extrinsic component of vacuolar membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of a vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


go_id: GO:0000307
term: cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.


go_id: GO:0000310
term: xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000311
term: plastid large ribosomal subunit
ontology: CC
definition:
The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


go_id: GO:0000315
term: organellar large ribosomal subunit
ontology: CC
definition:
The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


go_id: GO:0000316
term: sulfite transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of sulfite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0000320
term: re-entry into mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.


go_id: GO:0000321
term: re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest
ontology: BP
definition:
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000322
term: storage vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.


go_id: GO:0000323
term: lytic vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.


go_id: GO:0000324
term: fungal-type vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.


go_id: GO:0000325
term: plant-type vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A closed structure that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0000327
term: lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.


go_id: GO:0000328
term: fungal-type vacuole lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000329
term: fungal-type vacuole membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000330
term: plant-type vacuole lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0000331
term: contractile vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. Its function is probably osmoregulatory.


go_id: GO:0000332
term: template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Provision of the template used by reverse transcriptase to synthesize the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA.


go_id: GO:0000333
term: telomerase catalytic core complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.


go_id: GO:0000334
term: 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O(2) = cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0000337
term: regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition, the process of transposing (moving to a different location) a segment of a chromosome or a piece of a DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000339
term: RNA cap binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000340
term: RNA 7-methylguanosine cap binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0000341
term: RNA trimethylguanosine cap binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.


go_id: GO:0000342
term: RNA cap 4 binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.


go_id: GO:0000343
term: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.


go_id: GO:0000344
term: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.


go_id: GO:0000345
term: cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.


go_id: GO:0000346
term: transcription export complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.


go_id: GO:0000347
term: THO complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


go_id: GO:0000349
term: generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.


go_id: GO:0000350
term: generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
ontology: BP
definition:
Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


go_id: GO:0000352
term: trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.


go_id: GO:0000353
term: formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.


go_id: GO:0000354
term: cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0000384
term: first spliceosomal transesterification activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the first transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. The intron branch site adenosine is the nucleophile attacking the 5' splice site, resulting in cleavage at this position. In cis splicing, this is the step that forms a lariat structure of the intron RNA, while it is still joined to the 3' exon.


go_id: GO:0000386
term: second spliceosomal transesterification activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.


go_id: GO:0000365
term: mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome
ontology: BP
definition:
The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


go_id: GO:0000366
term: intergenic mRNA trans splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.


go_id: GO:0000372
term: Group I intron splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).


go_id: GO:0000373
term: Group II intron splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.


go_id: GO:0000374
term: Group III intron splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.


go_id: GO:0000376
term: RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile
ontology: BP
definition:
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0000377
term: RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile
ontology: BP
definition:
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.


go_id: GO:0000378
term: RNA exon ligation
ontology: BP
definition:
The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.


go_id: GO:0000379
term: tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage
ontology: BP
definition:
RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.


go_id: GO:0000380
term: alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


go_id: GO:0000387
term: spliceosomal snRNP assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.


go_id: GO:0000388
term: spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)
ontology: BP
definition:
Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).


go_id: GO:0000389
term: mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
ontology: BP
definition:
Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.


go_id: GO:0000390
term: spliceosomal complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.


go_id: GO:0000393
term: spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation
ontology: BP
definition:
Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.


go_id: GO:0000394
term: RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
ontology: BP
definition:
Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


go_id: GO:0000398
term: mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
ontology: BP
definition:
The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


go_id: GO:0000399
term: cellular bud neck septin structure
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000400
term: four-way junction DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.


go_id: GO:0000401
term: open form four-way junction DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.


go_id: GO:0000402
term: crossed form four-way junction DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.


go_id: GO:0000403
term: Y-form DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with segment of DNA shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.


go_id: GO:0000404
term: heteroduplex DNA loop binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.


go_id: GO:0000405
term: bubble DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0000406
term: double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0000407
term: pre-autophagosomal structure
ontology: CC
definition:
A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes.


go_id: GO:0000408
term: EKC/KEOPS complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification; originally proposed to be involved in transcription as well as promoting telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.


go_id: GO:0000414
term: regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.


go_id: GO:0000415
term: negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.


go_id: GO:0000416
term: positive regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.


go_id: GO:0000417
term: HIR complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.


go_id: GO:0000418
term: DNA-directed RNA polymerase IV complex
ontology: CC
definition:
RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.


go_id: GO:0000419
term: DNA-directed RNA polymerase V complex
ontology: CC
definition:
RNA polymerase V is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol V is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.


go_id: GO:0000421
term: autophagosome membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.


go_id: GO:0000422
term: mitophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


go_id: GO:0000427
term: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.


go_id: GO:0000429
term: carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


go_id: GO:0000430
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000431
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000432
term: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000433
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000434
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000435
term: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000436
term: carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0000437
term: carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


go_id: GO:0000439
term: core TFIIH complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.


go_id: GO:0000444
term: MIS12/MIND type complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.


go_id: GO:0000445
term: THO complex part of transcription export complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


go_id: GO:0000446
term: nucleoplasmic THO complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


go_id: GO:0000447
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000448
ontology: BP
term:
cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000449
term: endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000450
term: cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.


go_id: GO:0000451
term: rRNA 2'-O-methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0000452
term: snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.


go_id: GO:0000453
term: enzyme-directed rRNA 2'-O-methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA.


go_id: GO:0000454
term: snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.


go_id: GO:0000455
term: enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.


go_id: GO:0000456
term: dimethylation involved in SSU-rRNA maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
Dimethylation of the N6 amino groups of two consecutive adenosine residues near the 3'-end of the SSU rRNA. This process has been conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes.


go_id: GO:0000457
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000458
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000460
term: maturation of 5.8S rRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000461
term: endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


go_id: GO:0000462
term: maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000463
term: maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000464
ontology: BP
term:
endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.


go_id: GO:0000465
ontology: BP
term:
exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000466
term: maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000467
ontology: BP
term:
exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000468
ontology: BP
term:
generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000469
term: cleavage involved in rRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any phosphodiester bond hydrolysis involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000470
term: maturation of LSU-rRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000471
term: endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.


go_id: GO:0000472
term: endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


go_id: GO:0000473
term: maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000474
term: maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000475
term: maturation of 2S rRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000476
term: maturation of 4.5S rRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000477
ontology: BP
term:
generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000478
term: endonucleolytic cleavage involved in rRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any endonucleolytic cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. Some endonucleolytic cleavages produce the mature end, while others are a step in the process of generating the mature end from the pre-rRNA.


go_id: GO:0000479
term: endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000480
term: endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


go_id: GO:0000481
term: maturation of 5S rRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000482
term: maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000483
term: endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of D. melanogaster as well as in those of other dipteran species.


go_id: GO:0000484
ontology: BP
term:
cleavage between SSU-rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000485
ontology: BP
term:
cleavage between 2S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000486
ontology: BP
term:
cleavage between 5.8S rRNA and 2S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5.8S rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000487
ontology: BP
term:
maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000488
term: maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000489
term: maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


go_id: GO:0000491
term: small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


go_id: GO:0000492
term: box C/D snoRNP assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


go_id: GO:0000493
term: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


go_id: GO:0000496
term: base pairing
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target nucleic acid molecule.


go_id: GO:0000497
term: base pairing with DNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000498
term: base pairing with RNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribonucleic acid (RNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000499
term: base pairing with mRNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target mRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000500
term: RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.


go_id: GO:0000501
term: flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of cells mediated by the binding of proteins in the cell wall of one cell to carbohydrates in the cell wall of another cell.  An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which it is pH- and calcium-dependent.


go_id: GO:0000502
term: proteasome complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.


go_id: GO:0000506
term: glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.


go_id: GO:0000700
term: mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of single bases present in mismatches by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0000701
term: purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0000702
term: oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0000703
term: oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0000704
term: pyrimidine dimer DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of pyrimidine dimers by removing the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0000705
term: achiasmate meiosis I
ontology: BP
definition:
The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.


go_id: GO:0000706
term: meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0000707
term: meiotic DNA recombinase assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0000708
term: meiotic strand invasion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0000709
term: meiotic joint molecule formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.


go_id: GO:0000710
term: meiotic mismatch repair
ontology: BP
definition:
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.


go_id: GO:0000711
term: meiotic DNA repair synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.


go_id: GO:0000712
term: resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates
ontology: BP
definition:
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


go_id: GO:0000713
term: meiotic heteroduplex formation
ontology: BP
definition:
During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


go_id: GO:0000714
term: meiotic strand displacement
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0000715
term: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
ontology: BP
definition:
The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.


go_id: GO:0000716
term: transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
ontology: BP
definition:
The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.


go_id: GO:0000717
term: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding
ontology: BP
definition:
The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0000718
term: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0000719
term: photoreactive repair
ontology: BP
definition:
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


go_id: GO:0000720
term: pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair
ontology: BP
definition:
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


go_id: GO:0000723
term: telomere maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences.


go_id: GO:0000724
term: double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000725
term: recombinational repair
ontology: BP
definition:
A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.


go_id: GO:0000726
term: non-recombinational repair
ontology: BP
definition:
A DNA repair process in which that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.


go_id: GO:0000727
term: double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
ontology: BP
definition:
The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000728
term: gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA at the mating-type locus which initiates the conversion of one mating-type allele to another.


go_id: GO:0000729
term: DNA double-strand break processing
ontology: BP
definition:
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


go_id: GO:0000730
term: DNA recombinase assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0000731
term: DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.


go_id: GO:0000732
term: strand displacement
ontology: BP
definition:
The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.


go_id: GO:0000734
term: gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus.


go_id: GO:0000735
term: removal of nonhomologous ends
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


go_id: GO:0000736
term: double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends
ontology: BP
definition:
During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


go_id: GO:0000737
term: DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0000738
term: DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0036292
term: DNA rewinding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.


go_id: GO:0036310
term: annealing helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent rewinding of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to reform base pairs between strands. Often acts on ssDNA bubbles bound by replication protein A (RPA).


go_id: GO:0000741
term: karyogamy
ontology: BP
definition:
The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.


go_id: GO:0000742
term: karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


go_id: GO:0000743
term: nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000744
term: karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after the mutual exchange of nuclei.


go_id: GO:0000745
term: nuclear migration involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000746
term: conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.


go_id: GO:0000747
term: conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000748
term: conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


go_id: GO:0000749
term: response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that contributes to the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000751
term: mitotic cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000752
term: agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
During conjugation with cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000754
ontology: BP
term:
adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

definition:
In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000755
term: cytogamy
ontology: BP
definition:
During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000756
term: response to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus during the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000757
term: signal transduction involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000758
term: agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
During conjugation without cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions.


go_id: GO:0000759
term: cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0000760
term: adaptation to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


go_id: GO:0000761
term: conjugant formation
ontology: BP
definition:
During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


go_id: GO:0000762
term: pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information in response to a pheromone. It involves direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types.


go_id: GO:0000765
term: response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that contributes to the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


go_id: GO:0000766
ontology: BP
term:
negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

definition:
In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


go_id: GO:0000767
term: cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types.


go_id: GO:0000768
term: syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


go_id: GO:0000769
term: syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0000770
term: peptide pheromone export
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.


go_id: GO:0000771
term: agglutination involved in conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions prior to the formation of irreversible cellular contacts during conjugation.


go_id: GO:0000772
term: mating pheromone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell that leads to the transfer or union of genetic material between organisms or cells. The mating pheromone can either be retained on the cell surface or secreted.


go_id: GO:0000773
term: phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0000775
term: chromosome, centromeric region
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000776
term: kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


go_id: GO:0000777
term: condensed chromosome kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


go_id: GO:0000778
term: condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


go_id: GO:0000779
term: condensed chromosome, centromeric region
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000780
term: condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000781
term: chromosome, telomeric region
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0000782
term: telomere cap complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000783
term: nuclear telomere cap complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000784
term: nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal region of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0000786
term: nucleosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


go_id: GO:0000787
term: cytoplasmic nucleosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the cytoplasm into higher order structures.


go_id: GO:0000788
term: nuclear nucleosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures.


go_id: GO:0000789
term: cytoplasmic chromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0000790
term: nuclear chromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0000797
term: condensin core heterodimer
ontology: CC
definition:
The core heterodimer of a condensin complex, a multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.


go_id: GO:0000799
term: nuclear condensin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in the condensation of chromosomes that remain in the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0000802
term: transverse filament
ontology: CC
definition:
A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.


go_id: GO:0000804
term: W chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.


go_id: GO:0000805
term: X chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.


go_id: GO:0000806
term: Y chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.


go_id: GO:0000807
term: Z chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.


go_id: GO:0000810
term: diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0000811
term: GINS complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks.


go_id: GO:0000812
term: Swr1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.


go_id: GO:0000813
term: ESCRT I complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.


go_id: GO:0000814
term: ESCRT II complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


go_id: GO:0000815
term: ESCRT III complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Consists of two soluble subcomplexes of highly charged coiled-coil proteins and is required for sorting and/or concentration of multivesicular body (MVB) cargoes.


go_id: GO:0000817
term: COMA complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex in yeast consisting of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p. This complex bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly.


go_id: GO:0000818
term: nuclear MIS12/MIND complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore of a chromosome in the nucleus. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. Nuclear localization arises in some organisms because the nuclear envelope is not broken down during mitosis. In S. cerevisiae, it consists of at least four proteins: Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p, and Dsn1.


go_id: GO:0000819
term: sister chromatid segregation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


go_id: GO:0000820
term: regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0000821
term: regulation of arginine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0000823
term: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0000824
term: inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000825
term: inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


go_id: GO:0052746
term: inositol phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into inositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms.


go_id: GO:0000827
term: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.


go_id: GO:0000828
term: inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


go_id: GO:0000829
term: inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.


go_id: GO:0000830
term: inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000831
term: inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000832
term: inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000833
term: inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000834
term: inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0000836
term: Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).


go_id: GO:0000837
term: Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.


go_id: GO:0000838
term: Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


go_id: GO:0000839
term: Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


go_id: GO:0000900
term: translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


go_id: GO:0000901
term: translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.


go_id: GO:0000903
term: regulation of cell shape during vegetative growth phase
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell during the vegetative growth phase. The vegetative growth phase is the growth phase during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding or other asexual methods.


go_id: GO:0000904
term: cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


go_id: GO:0000905
term: sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


go_id: GO:0000906
term: 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0000907
term: sulfonate dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0000908
term: taurine dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO(2) + succinate + sulfite.


go_id: GO:0000909
term: sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.


go_id: GO:0000910
term: cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0000911
term: cytokinesis by cell plate formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0000912
term: assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0000913
term: preprophase band assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the preprophase band, a dense band of microtubules that marks the position in the cell where cytokinesis will occur in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation.


go_id: GO:0000914
term: phragmoplast assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).


go_id: GO:0000915
term: actomyosin contractile ring assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0000916
term: actomyosin contractile ring contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0000919
term: cell plate assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of assembly, maturation, and growth of the cell plate to the cell periphery in cells that divide by cell plate formation; often involves deposition of cell wall material in and around the phragmoplast.


go_id: GO:0000920
term: cell separation after cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of physically separating progeny cells after cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.


go_id: GO:0000922
term: spindle pole
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


go_id: GO:0000923
term: equatorial microtubule organizing center
ontology: CC
definition:
A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0000924
term: gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal
ontology: CC
definition:
A centrosome-localized multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins assembled into a ring structure that is thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the core repeating units of the ring.


go_id: GO:0000927
term: gamma-tubulin small complex, centrosomal
ontology: CC
definition:
A centrosomal complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules, at least two conserved non-tubulin proteins that multimerize along with additional non-tubulin proteins in animal cells into larger functional complexes. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex. An example of this structure is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0000928
term: gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins located in the spindle pole body and isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0000930
term: gamma-tubulin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.


go_id: GO:0000931
term: gamma-tubulin large complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


go_id: GO:0000932
term: cytoplasmic mRNA processing body
ontology: CC
definition:
A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci.


go_id: GO:0000934
term: porous cell septum
ontology: CC
definition:
A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.


go_id: GO:0000935
term: barrier septum
ontology: CC
definition:
A septum which spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.


go_id: GO:0000937
term: dolipore septum
ontology: CC
definition:
A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).


go_id: GO:0000938
term: GARP complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.


go_id: GO:0000939
term: condensed chromosome inner kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; in mammals the CREST antigens (CENP proteins) are found in this layer; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000940
term: condensed chromosome outer kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.


go_id: GO:0000941
term: condensed nuclear chromosome inner kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.


go_id: GO:0000942
term: condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.


go_id: GO:0000943
term: retrotransposon nucleocapsid
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.


go_id: GO:0000944
term: base pairing with rRNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000945
term: base pairing with snRNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target snRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000946
term: base pairing with tRNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with transfer ribonucleic acid (mRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target tRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0000947
term: amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


go_id: GO:0000948
term: amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


go_id: GO:0000949
term: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


go_id: GO:0000950
term: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


go_id: GO:0000951
term: methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


go_id: GO:0000952
term: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


go_id: GO:0000953
term: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


go_id: GO:0000954
term: methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


go_id: GO:0000955
term: amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.


go_id: GO:0000956
term: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0000957
term: mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000958
term: mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000959
term: mitochondrial RNA metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000960
term: regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


go_id: GO:0000961
term: negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


go_id: GO:0000962
term: positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


go_id: GO:0000963
term: mitochondrial RNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000964
term: mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000965
term: mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0000969
term: tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate
ontology: BP
definition:
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.


go_id: GO:0000970
term: tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate
ontology: BP
definition:
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.


go_id: GO:0000971
term: tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate
ontology: BP
definition:
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.


go_id: GO:0000972
term: transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery
ontology: BP
definition:
The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.


go_id: GO:0000973
term: posttranscriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery
ontology: BP
definition:
The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed.


go_id: GO:0000974
term: Prp19 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.


go_id: GO:0000975
term: regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates a DNA-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


go_id: GO:0000976
term: transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0000977
term: RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0000978
term: RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0000979
term: RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0000980
term: RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distal enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of some promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.


go_id: GO:0000981
term: RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0000982
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0000983
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription by Pol II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0000984
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0000985
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0000986
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0000987
term: core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0000988
term: transcription factor activity, protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0000989
term: transcription factor activity, transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0000990
term: transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0000991
term: transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0000992
term: polymerase III regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.


go_id: GO:0000993
term: RNA polymerase II core binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.


go_id: GO:0000994
term: RNA polymerase III core binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase III core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.


go_id: GO:0000995
term: transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase III binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0000996
term: core DNA-dependent RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA-dependent core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of promoter DNA sequence motifs.


go_id: GO:0000997
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of the core promoter for the mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0000999
term: RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Type 1 promoters require TFIIIA for promoter recognition, which then recruits TFIIIC. TFIIIC in turn recruits TFIIIB, which recruits Pol III to the promoter.


go_id: GO:0001000
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one omega subunit.


go_id: GO:0001001
term: mitochondrial single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


go_id: GO:0001002
term: RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.


go_id: GO:0001003
term: RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


go_id: GO:0001004
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting

definition:
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the Pol III recruiting factor TFIIIB to the promoter.


go_id: GO:0001005
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting

definition:
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the Pol III recruiting factor TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 1 Pol III promoters, this requires both TFIIIA and TFIIIC.


go_id: GO:0001006
term: RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0001007
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001008
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 2 Pol III promoters, this requires TFIIIC activity.


go_id: GO:0001009
term: transcription from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III), originating at a type 2 RNAP III promoter. Type 2 RNAP III promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


go_id: GO:0001010
term: transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription. The recruited factor may bind DNA directly, or may be colocalized via protein-protein interactions.


go_id: GO:0001011
term: transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, RNA polymerase recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and recruiting RNA polymerase to the DNA in order to form the preinitiation complex (PIC).


go_id: GO:0001012
term: RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by RNA polymerase II. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001013
term: RNA polymerase I regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by RNA polymerase I. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001014
term: snoRNA transcription from a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


go_id: GO:0001015
term: snoRNA transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001016
term: RNA polymerase III regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001017
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001018
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a high affinity and sequence specific interaction or as a lower affinity interaction observed once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001019
term: plastid RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001020
term: RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription.


go_id: GO:0001021
term: RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Type 2 promoters require TFIIIC for promoter recognition, which then recruits TFIIIB, which in turn which recruits Pol III to the promoter.


go_id: GO:0001022
term: transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription initiation process on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.


go_id: GO:0001023
term: transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription initiation process on a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


go_id: GO:0001024
term: transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription initiation process on a type 3 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0001025
term: RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.


go_id: GO:0001026
term: TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III promoter by one or more other transcription factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001027
term: RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter by TFIIIA-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001028
term: RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter by a TFIIIC-type factor, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001029
term: RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter by SNAP-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001030
term: RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.


go_id: GO:0001031
term: RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


go_id: GO:0001032
term: RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0001033
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter TFIIIB recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 3 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 3 Pol III promoters, this requires SNAPc activity.


go_id: GO:0001034
term: RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase III. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001035
term: transcription from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III), originating at a type 3 RNAP III promoter. A type 3 RNAP III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0001036
term: transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription initiation process on a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


go_id: GO:0001037
term: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a hybrid promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


go_id: GO:0001038
term: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter TFIIIB recruiting transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter by sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors, direct DNA binding, or a combination of both, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001039
term: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


go_id: GO:0001040
term: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.


go_id: GO:0001041
term: transcription from a RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) promoter. A hybrid RNAP III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


go_id: GO:0001042
term: RNA polymerase I core binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.


go_id: GO:0001043
term: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Hybrid type promoters contain both gene-internal and upstream elements. An example of a hybrid promoter is the U6 snRNA gene.


go_id: GO:0001044
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001045
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001046
term: core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0001047
term: core promoter binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0001048
term: RNA polymerase IV core binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase IV core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in siRNA production.


go_id: GO:0001049
term: RNA polymerase V core binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase V core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in production of noncoding transcripts at target loci for silencing.


go_id: GO:0001050
term: single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


go_id: GO:0001051
term: plastid single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit plastid RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


go_id: GO:0001052
term: plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the bacterial-type plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one double prime subunit.


go_id: GO:0001053
term: plastid sigma factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a plastid PEP core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of plastid PEP core promoter DNA sequence motifs.


go_id: GO:0001054
term: RNA polymerase I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001055
term: RNA polymerase II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001056
term: RNA polymerase III activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001057
term: RNA polymerase IV activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001058
term: RNA polymerase V activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001059
term: transcription from RNA polymerase IV promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase IV (Pol III), originating at a Pol IV-specific promoter.


go_id: GO:0001060
term: transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V (Pol III), originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.


go_id: GO:0001061
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a bacterial-type specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001062
term: plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001063
term: plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001064
term: single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001065
term: mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001066
term: plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0001067
term: regulatory region nucleic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


go_id: GO:0001068
term: transcription regulatory region RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0001069
term: regulatory region RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


go_id: GO:0001070
term: RNA binding transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001071
term: nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA or RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001072
term: transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


go_id: GO:0001073
term: transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


go_id: GO:0001074
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001075
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001076
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001077
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001078
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001079
term: nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


go_id: GO:0001080
term: nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


go_id: GO:0001081
term: nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


go_id: GO:0001082
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001083
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001084
term: transcription factor activity, TFIID-class binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001085
term: RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0001086
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIA-class binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001087
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIB-class binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001088
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIE-class binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIE class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001089
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIF-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001090
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIH-class binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIH class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001091
term: RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001092
term: TFIIA-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001093
term: TFIIB-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001094
term: TFIID-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001095
term: TFIIE-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIE class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001096
term: TFIIF-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001097
term: TFIIH-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIH class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0001098
term: basal transcription machinery binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery which is composed of the RNA polymerase core enzyme and the basal transcription factor(s), the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001099
term: basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II which is composed of the RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits, and the basal RNA polymerase II transcription factors, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001100
term: negative regulation of exit from mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


go_id: GO:0001101
term: response to acid chemical
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


go_id: GO:0001102
term: RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription.


go_id: GO:0001103
term: RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription repressing factor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription.


go_id: GO:0001104
term: RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001105
term: RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001106
term: RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001108
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase holo enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery which is composed of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme and a sigma factor, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001109
term: promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


go_id: GO:0001110
term: promoter clearance from RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.


go_id: GO:0001111
term: promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


go_id: GO:0001112
term: DNA-templated transcriptional open complex formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


go_id: GO:0001113
term: transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


go_id: GO:0001115
term: protein-DNA-RNA complex subunit organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


go_id: GO:0001116
term: protein-DNA-RNA complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


go_id: GO:0001118
term: transcription ternary complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0001119
term: protein-DNA-RNA complex remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


go_id: GO:0001121
term: transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase, originating at a bacterial-type promoter.


go_id: GO:0001122
term: promoter clearance from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phase of transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance generally involves dissociation of the sigma initiation factor.


go_id: GO:0001123
term: transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the assembly of bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.


go_id: GO:0001124
term: transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001125
term: transcription termination from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase using a DNA template is completed.


go_id: GO:0001126
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001128
term: RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or stability of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC). Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001129
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001130
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001131
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001132
term: RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding RNA
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.


go_id: GO:0001133
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific transcription regulatory region DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA by RNA polymerase II and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001134
term: transcription factor activity, transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, recruiting that specific transcription factor to the transcription machinery complex and thus permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001135
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001136
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIE-class transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIE-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001137
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIF-class transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIF-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001138
term: transcription factor activity, TFIIH-class transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIH-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001139
term: transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way in order to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001140
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional activator activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001141
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional repressor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter.


go_id: GO:0001142
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001143
ontology: MF
term:
mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter for mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001144
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001145
term: mitochondrial RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001146
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to promote transcription termination by mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001147
term: transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0001148
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001149
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a termination site for bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to promote transcription termination by bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001150
term: bacterial-type RNA polymerase enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is an enhancer region that helps activate transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Enhancers for sigma-54 holoenzymes are typically located 80 to 150 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site, although they can be further away or may be downstream of the promoter. Some transcription units dependent on sigma-70 holoenzymes may also include enhancer sequences.


go_id: GO:0001151
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a bacterial-type enhancer region in order to activate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. Enhancers for sigma-54 holoenzymes are typically located 80 to 150 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site. Some transcription units dependent on sigma-70 holoenzymes may also include enhancer sequences.


go_id: GO:0001152
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIC recruiting

definition:
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the transcription factor TFIIIC to the promoter.


go_id: GO:0001153
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to an RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP III.


go_id: GO:0001154
term: TFIIIB-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


go_id: GO:0001155
term: TFIIIA-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) at type 1 promoters (5S genes) by RNA polymerase III.


go_id: GO:0001156
term: TFIIIC-class transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIC class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


go_id: GO:0001158
term: enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.


go_id: GO:0001159
term: core promoter proximal region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0001160
term: transcription termination site DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


go_id: GO:0001161
term: intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


go_id: GO:0001162
term: RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


go_id: GO:0001163
term: RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001164
term: RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.


go_id: GO:0001165
term: RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element), a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001166
term: RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase I (Pol I) enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.


go_id: GO:0001167
term: RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.


go_id: GO:0001168
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element, UE), a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase I in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001169
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001170
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase I (Pol I) enhancer in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001171
term: reverse transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.


go_id: GO:0001173
term: DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0001174
term: transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0001175
term: transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0001176
term: transcriptional start site selection at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0001177
term: regulation of transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


go_id: GO:0001178
term: regulation of transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0001179
term: RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001180
term: transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at an polymerase I promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of rRNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.


go_id: GO:0001181
term: transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase I binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) complex, typically composed of fourteen subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001182
term: promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


go_id: GO:0001183
term: transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
ontology: BP
definition:
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001184
term: promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I at a promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


go_id: GO:0001185
term: termination of RNA polymerase I transcription from promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the synthesis of an rRNA molecule from a promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.


go_id: GO:0001186
term: transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I transcription factor recruiting
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP I.


go_id: GO:0001187
ontology: MF
term:
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element binding transcription factor recruiting

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery and also binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor to recruit it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0001188
term: RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.


go_id: GO:0001189
ontology: BP
term:
RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly at the promoter for the nuclear large rRNA transcript

definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on CORE promoter element DNA of the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript to form a transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from the large rRNA promoter, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of the large rRNA transcript.


go_id: GO:0001190
term: transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001191
term: transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.


go_id: GO:0001192
term: maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.


go_id: GO:0001193
ontology: BP
term:
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter

definition:
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001194
ontology: BP
term:
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter

definition:
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter.


go_id: GO:0001195
ontology: BP
term:
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter

definition:
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


go_id: GO:0001196
term: regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001197
term: positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001198
term: negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001199
term: transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001200
term: RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001201
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor that binds the core promoter proximal region in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001202
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor, perhaps by regulating the ability to interact selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), or by regulating some other function of the transcription factor, in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001203
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of zinc (Zn), in such a way that zinc ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor, perhaps by regulating the ability to interact selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), or by regulating some other function of the transcription factor, in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.


go_id: GO:0001204
ontology: MF
term:
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001205
term: transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001206
term: transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001209
term: transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001210
term: transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001211
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001212
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of zinc (Zn), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001213
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of metal ion, such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001214
ontology: MF
term:
RNA polymerase II transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal regionsequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of metal ion, such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001215
ontology: MF
term:
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001218
ontology: MF
term:
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.


go_id: GO:0001219
ontology: MF
term:
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, copper ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), in such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001220
ontology: MF
term:
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, cadmium ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd), in such a way that cadmium (Cd) ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0001221
term: transcription cofactor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription cofactor, any protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001222
term: transcription corepressor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription corepressor, any protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001223
term: transcription coactivator binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


go_id: GO:0001224
term: RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription cofactor for RNA polymerase II, any protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with RNA polymerase II transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0001225
term: RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription of RNA polymerase II via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0001226
term: RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor, any protein involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0001227
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001228
ontology: MF
term:
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding

definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the transcription regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.


go_id: GO:0001300
term: chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs when the cell is in a non-dividing, or quiescent, state.


go_id: GO:0001301
term: progressive alteration of chromatin involved in cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
The chromatin modification process that occurs during the lifespan of the cell that results in changes in chromatin structure. Such changes may lead to gene dysregulation and ultimately to a loss in cell homeostasis, bringing about an aging phenotype.


go_id: GO:0001302
term: replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs as the cell continues cycles of growth and division.


go_id: GO:0001303
term: nucleolar fragmentation involved in replicative aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A nucleolar fragmentation process that gives rise to multiple rounded structures and that occurs in conjunction with increasing age in dividing cells.


go_id: GO:0001305
term: progressive alteration of chromatin involved in chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in changes in chromatin structure contributing to chronological cell aging, occurring in non-dividing cells.


go_id: GO:0001306
term: age-dependent response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001307
term: extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0001308
term: negative regulation of chromatin silencing involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, which occurs as a dividing cell ages, leading to expression of genes that are typically not expressed due to silencing by regulatory proteins.


go_id: GO:1903824
term: negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.


go_id: GO:0001310
term: extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules containing ribosomal DNA repeats in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0001311
ontology: BP
term:
formation of extrachromosomal circular rDNA by homologous recombination involved in replicative cell aging

definition:
Excision from the chromosome and circularization of DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA in dividing cells as they age.


go_id: GO:0001312
term: replication of extrachromosomal rDNA circles involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Replication of rDNA following its excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age. Extrachromosomal rDNA forms a circle that contains at least one autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), which supports replication independent of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0001313
term: formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, in dividing cells as they age.


go_id: GO:0001314
term: replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0001315
term: age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001316
term: age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring during the process of replicative cell aging as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001317
term: accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Accumulation of proteins that have undergone reactions with reactive oxygen species in aging dividing cells and exhibit modifications such as increased protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.


go_id: GO:0001318
term: formation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Chemical reaction, between proteins and reactive oxygen species, that occurs in dividing cells as they age and leads to a variety of changes in the affected proteins, including increases in protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.


go_id: GO:0001319
term: inheritance of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein localization process in which progeny cells acquire, or are barred from acquiring, proteins that have been altered by reaction with reactive oxygen species in dividing aging cells.


go_id: GO:0001320
term: age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001321
term: age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A process of general metabolic decline that arises in dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.


go_id: GO:0001322
term: age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in replicative cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001323
term: age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
A process of general metabolic decline that arises in non-dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.


go_id: GO:0001324
term: age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0001325
term: formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.


go_id: GO:0001326
term: replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


go_id: GO:0001400
term: mating projection base
ontology: CC
definition:
The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.


go_id: GO:0001401
term: mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


go_id: GO:0001403
term: invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
ontology: BP
definition:
A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


go_id: GO:0044409
term: entry into host
ontology: BP
definition:
Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001405
term: presequence translocase-associated import motor
ontology: CC
definition:
Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the presequence translocase complex; hydrolyzes ATP to provide the force to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.


go_id: GO:0001406
term: glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


go_id: GO:0001407
term: glycerophosphodiester transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of glycerophosphodiesters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


go_id: GO:0001408
term: guanine nucleotide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0001409
term: guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0001410
term: chlamydospore formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.


go_id: GO:0001501
term: skeletal system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).


go_id: GO:0001503
term: ossification
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


go_id: GO:0001504
term: neurotransmitter uptake
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


go_id: GO:0042136
term: neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


go_id: GO:0042137
term: sequestering of neurotransmitter
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


go_id: GO:0001507
term: acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


go_id: GO:0001508
term: action potential
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.


go_id: GO:0004197
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0001510
term: RNA methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


go_id: GO:0001527
term: microfibril
ontology: CC
definition:
Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.


go_id: GO:0001512
term: dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.


go_id: GO:0001514
term: selenocysteine incorporation
ontology: BP
definition:
The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


go_id: GO:0001515
term: opioid peptide activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


go_id: GO:0001516
term: prostaglandin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.


go_id: GO:0001517
term: N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0001519
term: peptide amidation
ontology: BP
definition:
The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


go_id: GO:0001520
term: outer dense fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
Structure or material found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds each of the nine microtubule doublets, giving a 9 + 9 + 2 arrangement rather than the 9 + 2 pattern usually seen. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile.


go_id: GO:0001522
term: pseudouridine synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs.


go_id: GO:0001523
term: retinoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


go_id: GO:0001525
term: angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0006029
term: proteoglycan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


go_id: GO:0006790
term: sulfur compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


go_id: GO:0050698
term: proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


go_id: GO:0030023
term: extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity
ontology: MF
definition:
A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


go_id: GO:0001532
term: interleukin-21 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001533
term: cornified envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).


go_id: GO:0001534
term: radial spoke
ontology: CC
definition:
Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


go_id: GO:0001537
term: N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0001539
term: cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility
ontology: BP
definition:
Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.


go_id: GO:0001541
term: ovarian follicle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0001542
term: ovulation from ovarian follicle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0001544
term: initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


go_id: GO:0001545
term: primary ovarian follicle growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).


go_id: GO:0001546
term: preantral ovarian follicle growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.


go_id: GO:0001548
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum
ontology: BP
definition:
The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0001549
term: cumulus cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


go_id: GO:0001550
term: ovarian cumulus expansion
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.


go_id: GO:0001553
term: luteinization
ontology: BP
definition:
The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


go_id: GO:0001554
term: luteolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy.


go_id: GO:0001555
term: oocyte growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


go_id: GO:0001556
term: oocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


go_id: GO:0008152
term: metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.


go_id: GO:0016049
term: cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


go_id: GO:0001559
term: regulation of cell growth by detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to the cytoplasm modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.


go_id: GO:0001560
term: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.


go_id: GO:0001561
term: fatty acid alpha-oxidation
ontology: BP
definition:
A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.


go_id: GO:0001562
term: response to protozoan
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


go_id: GO:0001563
term: detection of protozoan
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001566
term: non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0001568
term: blood vessel development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


go_id: GO:0001569
term: patterning of blood vessels
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.


go_id: GO:0001570
term: vasculogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


go_id: GO:0001571
term: non-tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of tyrosine kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0001572
term: lactosylceramide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


go_id: GO:0001573
term: ganglioside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0001574
term: ganglioside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0001575
term: globoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.


go_id: GO:0001576
term: globoside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).


go_id: GO:0007157
term: heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0016936
term: galactoside binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


go_id: GO:0001579
term: medium-chain fatty acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of medium-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


go_id: GO:0001580
term: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001581
term: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001582
term: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001583
term: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001586
term: Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.


go_id: GO:0001587
term: Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


go_id: GO:0001588
term: dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001591
term: dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001594
term: trace-amine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


go_id: GO:0001596
term: angiotensin type I receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


go_id: GO:0001608
term: G-protein coupled nucleotide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0001609
term: G-protein coupled adenosine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0001614
term: purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0038036
term: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0070915
term: lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0001621
term: ADP receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001626
term: nociceptin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0001631
term: cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


go_id: GO:0001632
term: leukotriene B4 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


go_id: GO:0001634
term: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A G-protein coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0001637
term: G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0001639
term: PLC activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A G-protein coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


go_id: GO:0001640
term: adenylate cyclase inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.


go_id: GO:0001641
term: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


go_id: GO:0001646
term: cAMP receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001647
term: G-protein coupled cytokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0001648
term: proteinase activated receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity that is initiated by cleavage of the N terminus of the receptor by a serine protease, resulting in the generation of a new tethered ligand that interacts with the receptor.


go_id: GO:0001649
term: osteoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.


go_id: GO:0001650
term: fibrillar center
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.


go_id: GO:0001651
term: dense fibrillar component
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.


go_id: GO:0001652
term: granular component
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0001654
term: eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.


go_id: GO:0001655
term: urogenital system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0001656
term: metanephros development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


go_id: GO:0001657
term: ureteric bud development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0001658
term: branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


go_id: GO:0001660
term: fever generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.


go_id: GO:0001661
term: conditioned taste aversion
ontology: BP
definition:
A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


go_id: GO:0001665
term: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + glycano-(1->3)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein = CMP + glycano-[(2->6)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl]-(N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein.


go_id: GO:0001666
term: response to hypoxia
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


go_id: GO:0001669
term: acrosomal vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.


go_id: GO:0001676
term: long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0001677
term: formation of translation initiation ternary complex
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


go_id: GO:0001678
term: cellular glucose homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.


go_id: GO:0001680
term: tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition
ontology: BP
definition:
Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition.


go_id: GO:0001681
term: sialate O-acetylesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate (free or glycosidically bound) + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate.


go_id: GO:0005858
term: axonemal dynein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion. May contain two or three dynein heavy chains as well as several light chains.


go_id: GO:0005868
term: cytoplasmic dynein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.


go_id: GO:0001691
term: pseudophosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Maintains the phosphorylation state of certain molecules by associating with them and preventing them from associating with active phosphatases, and thus inhibiting the enzyme activity without interacting with the enzyme. Often pertains to proteins belonging to dual-specificity phosphatase family but lacking critical active site residues.


go_id: GO:0001692
term: histamine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


go_id: GO:0001694
term: histamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


go_id: GO:0001695
term: histamine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


go_id: GO:0001696
term: gastric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


go_id: GO:0001697
term: histamine-induced gastric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.


go_id: GO:0001700
term: embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0001701
term: in utero embryonic development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0001702
term: gastrulation with mouth forming second
ontology: BP
definition:
A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.


go_id: GO:0001703
term: gastrulation with mouth forming first
ontology: BP
definition:
A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


go_id: GO:0001707
term: mesoderm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0001708
term: cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


go_id: GO:0001709
term: cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


go_id: GO:0001710
term: mesodermal cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.


go_id: GO:0001711
term: endodermal cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


go_id: GO:0001712
term: ectodermal cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.


go_id: GO:0001713
term: ectodermal cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0001714
term: endodermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0001715
term: ectodermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0001717
term: conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


go_id: GO:0001720
term: conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).


go_id: GO:0005882
term: intermediate filament
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins.


go_id: GO:0045098
term: type III intermediate filament
ontology: CC
definition:
A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.


go_id: GO:0001725
term: stress fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.


go_id: GO:0001726
term: ruffle
ontology: CC
definition:
Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.


go_id: GO:0001730
term: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.


go_id: GO:0001732
term: formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex
ontology: BP
definition:
Joining of the large subunit, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


go_id: GO:0001733
term: galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


go_id: GO:0001734
term: mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RRACH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RRm6ACH; R is a purine, and H is C, A, or U.


go_id: GO:0001736
term: establishment of planar polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


go_id: GO:0001737
term: establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
ontology: BP
definition:
Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


go_id: GO:0001738
term: morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


go_id: GO:0001740
term: Barr body
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


go_id: GO:0001741
term: XY body
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


go_id: GO:0001742
term: oenocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


go_id: GO:0001744
term: optic lobe placode formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Establishment of the optic placode, a thickened area of densely packed ectoderm cells directly overlying the optic vesicle in the early embryo. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.


go_id: GO:0001745
term: compound eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0001746
term: Bolwig's organ morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


go_id: GO:0001748
term: optic lobe placode development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0001751
term: compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


go_id: GO:0001752
term: compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


go_id: GO:0042051
term: compound eye photoreceptor development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0001754
term: eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.


go_id: GO:0001755
term: neural crest cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.


go_id: GO:0001756
term: somitogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


go_id: GO:0001758
term: retinal dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.


go_id: GO:0001759
term: organ induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.


go_id: GO:0001760
term: aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H(+) = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO(2).


go_id: GO:0001761
term: beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0001762
term: beta-alanine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0001763
term: morphogenesis of a branching structure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.


go_id: GO:0001764
term: neuron migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.


go_id: GO:0001765
term: membrane raft assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0001766
term: membrane raft polarization
ontology: BP
definition:
The clustering and aggregation of membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes.


go_id: GO:0001767
term: establishment of lymphocyte polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.


go_id: GO:0001768
term: establishment of T cell polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.


go_id: GO:0001769
term: establishment of B cell polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.


go_id: GO:0001770
term: establishment of natural killer cell polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.


go_id: GO:0001771
term: immunological synapse formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


go_id: GO:0001772
term: immunological synapse
ontology: CC
definition:
An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


go_id: GO:0001773
term: myeloid dendritic cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


go_id: GO:0001774
term: microglial cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


go_id: GO:0001775
term: cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


go_id: GO:0001776
term: leukocyte homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0001777
term: T cell homeostatic proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0001778
term: plasma membrane repair
ontology: BP
definition:
The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.


go_id: GO:0001779
term: natural killer cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.


go_id: GO:0001780
term: neutrophil homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils such that the total number of neutrophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0001781
term: neutrophil apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


go_id: GO:0001782
term: B cell homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0001783
term: B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0001785
term: prostaglandin J receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with prostaglandin J (PGJ(2)), a metabolite of prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001786
term: phosphatidylserine binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


go_id: GO:0001788
term: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.


go_id: GO:0001789
term: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to S1P second messenger
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of sphingosine kinase and a subsequent increase in cellular levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).


go_id: GO:0001790
term: polymeric immunoglobulin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes.


go_id: GO:0001792
term: polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001793
term: IgM receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001794
term: type IIa hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.


go_id: GO:0001795
term: type IIb hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


go_id: GO:0001796
term: regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001797
term: negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001798
term: positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001799
term: regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001800
term: negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001801
term: positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001802
term: type III hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.


go_id: GO:0001803
term: regulation of type III hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001804
term: negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001805
term: positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001806
term: type IV hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.


go_id: GO:0001807
term: regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001808
term: negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001809
term: positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001810
term: regulation of type I hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001811
term: negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001812
term: positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0001813
term: regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


go_id: GO:0001815
term: positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


go_id: GO:0001816
term: cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0001820
term: serotonin secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.


go_id: GO:0001821
term: histamine secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems.


go_id: GO:0001822
term: kidney development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


go_id: GO:0001823
term: mesonephros development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.


go_id: GO:0001824
term: blastocyst development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.


go_id: GO:0001826
term: inner cell mass cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.


go_id: GO:0001829
term: trophectodermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.


go_id: GO:0001832
term: blastocyst growth
ontology: BP
definition:
An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.


go_id: GO:0001836
term: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.


go_id: GO:0001837
term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


go_id: GO:0001839
term: neural plate morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.


go_id: GO:0001840
term: neural plate development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0001841
term: neural tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0001842
term: neural fold formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.


go_id: GO:0001843
term: neural tube closure
ontology: BP
definition:
The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


go_id: GO:0001844
term: protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0001845
term: phagolysosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.


go_id: GO:0001846
term: opsonin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.


go_id: GO:0001847
term: opsonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an opsonin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001849
term: complement component C1q binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C1q component of the classical complement cascade.


go_id: GO:0001855
term: complement component C4b binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade.


go_id: GO:0001857
term: complement component C1q receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C1q component of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001858
term: complement component iC3b receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the iC3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001859
term: complement component C3dg receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001860
term: complement component C3d receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001861
term: complement component C4b receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001862
term: collectin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a collectin, a member of a group of structurally related pattern recognition molecules characterized by having a carbohydrate recognition domain of the C-type lectin family at the C-terminus and a collagenous domain at the N-terminus.


go_id: GO:0001863
term: collectin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001864
term: pentraxin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pentraxin, a member of a family of inflammatory proteins with a radially symmetric arrangement of five identical, noncovalently linked chains in a pentagonal array.


go_id: GO:0001867
term: complement activation, lectin pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


go_id: GO:0001868
term: regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


go_id: GO:0001869
term: negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


go_id: GO:0001870
term: positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


go_id: GO:0001871
term: pattern binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0001873
term: polysaccharide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


go_id: GO:0001875
term: lipopolysaccharide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


go_id: GO:0001878
term: response to yeast
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.


go_id: GO:0001879
term: detection of yeast
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001880
term: Mullerian duct regression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.


go_id: GO:0001881
term: receptor recycling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.


go_id: GO:0001882
term: nucleoside binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0001883
term: purine nucleoside binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0001884
term: pyrimidine nucleoside binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0001886
term: endothelial cell morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.


go_id: GO:0001887
term: selenium compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.


go_id: GO:0001888
term: glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


go_id: GO:0001889
term: liver development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.


go_id: GO:0001890
term: placenta development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


go_id: GO:0001891
term: phagocytic cup
ontology: CC
definition:
An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.


go_id: GO:0001892
term: embryonic placenta development
ontology: BP
definition:
The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


go_id: GO:0001893
term: maternal placenta development
ontology: BP
definition:
Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


go_id: GO:0001894
term: tissue homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


go_id: GO:0001895
term: retina homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


go_id: GO:0001897
term: cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001898
term: regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001899
term: negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001900
term: positive regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001905
term: activation of membrane attack complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.


go_id: GO:0001906
term: cell killing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


go_id: GO:0001907
term: killing by symbiont of host cells
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0001912
term: positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


go_id: GO:0001913
term: T cell mediated cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


go_id: GO:0001916
term: positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


go_id: GO:0001917
term: photoreceptor inner segment
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


go_id: GO:0001922
term: B-1 B cell homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


go_id: GO:0001923
term: B-1 B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


go_id: GO:0001924
term: regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


go_id: GO:0001926
term: positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0001931
term: uropod
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


go_id: GO:0001932
term: regulation of protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.


go_id: GO:0001933
term: negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


go_id: GO:0001934
term: positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


go_id: GO:0001935
term: endothelial cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


go_id: GO:0001941
term: postsynaptic membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).


go_id: GO:0001942
term: hair follicle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.


go_id: GO:0001944
term: vasculature development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.


go_id: GO:0001945
term: lymph vessel development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0001947
term: heart looping
ontology: BP
definition:
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.


go_id: GO:0001948
term: glycoprotein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (monosaccharide) residues. These also include proteoglycans.


go_id: GO:0001949
term: sebaceous gland cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.


go_id: GO:0001952
term: regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0001953
term: negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0001954
term: positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0001955
term: blood vessel maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.


go_id: GO:0001956
term: positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.


go_id: GO:0001957
term: intramembranous ossification
ontology: BP
definition:
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


go_id: GO:0001959
term: regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0001960
term: negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0001961
term: positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0001962
term: alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


go_id: GO:0001963
term: synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


go_id: GO:0001965
term: G-protein alpha-subunit binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0001967
term: suckling behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.


go_id: GO:0001968
term: fibronectin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.


go_id: GO:0001969
term: regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


go_id: GO:0001970
term: positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


go_id: GO:0001971
term: negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


go_id: GO:0001972
term: retinoic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0001973
term: adenosine receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0001975
term: response to amphetamine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


go_id: GO:0001977
term: renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume
ontology: BP
definition:
A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0001978
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


go_id: GO:0001979
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0001980
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0001981
term: baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0001982
term: baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0001983
term: baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0001984
ontology: BP
term:
vasodilation of artery involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001985
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001986
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001987
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001988
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001989
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001990
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0001991
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.


go_id: GO:0001992
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


go_id: GO:0001993
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0001994
ontology: BP
term:
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0001995
term: norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0001996
term: positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.


go_id: GO:0001997
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0001998
term: angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.


go_id: GO:0001999
ontology: BP
definition: The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.
term:
renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure


go_id: GO:0002000
term: detection of renal blood flow
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0002002
term: regulation of angiotensin levels in blood
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates the level of angiotensin in the blood by balancing the maturation of renin substrate to mature angiotensin and the catabolism of mature angiotensin.


go_id: GO:0002003
term: angiotensin maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood.


go_id: GO:0002004
term: secretion of vasopressin involved in fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of the hormone vasopressin into the blood stream by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland contributing to fast regulation of blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0002006
term: vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control
ontology: BP
definition:
The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.


go_id: GO:0002007
term: detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0002008
term: excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from the carotid and aortic bodies is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0002009
term: morphogenesis of an epithelium
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


go_id: GO:0002010
term: excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from the arterial baroreceptors is relayed to the vasomotor center causing it to signal increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0002011
term: morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


go_id: GO:0002012
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0002013
term: detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center
ontology: BP
definition:
The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0002014
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0002016
term: regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.


go_id: GO:0002017
term: regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.


go_id: GO:0002018
term: renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.


go_id: GO:0002021
term: response to dietary excess
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.


go_id: GO:0002023
term: reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess
ontology: BP
definition:
An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.


go_id: GO:0002024
term: diet induced thermogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system.


go_id: GO:0002025
ontology: BP
term:
vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.


go_id: GO:0002026
term: regulation of the force of heart contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


go_id: GO:0002028
term: regulation of sodium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0002029
term: desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.


go_id: GO:0002030
term: inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


go_id: GO:0002032
term: desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.


go_id: GO:0002034
term: regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


go_id: GO:0002035
term: brain renin-angiotensin system
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0002037
term: negative regulation of L-glutamate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.


go_id: GO:0002040
term: sprouting angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.


go_id: GO:0002041
term: intussusceptive angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.


go_id: GO:0002042
term: cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0002043
term: blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0002044
term: blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0002045
term: regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0002046
term: opsin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception.


go_id: GO:0002047
term: phenazine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.


go_id: GO:0002051
term: osteoblast fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


go_id: GO:0002053
term: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.


go_id: GO:0002054
term: nucleobase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases.


go_id: GO:0002060
term: purine nucleobase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


go_id: GO:0002061
term: pyrimidine nucleobase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a pyrimidine skeleton.


go_id: GO:0002062
term: chondrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


go_id: GO:0002063
term: chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


go_id: GO:0002064
term: epithelial cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


go_id: GO:0002065
term: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


go_id: GO:0002066
term: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


go_id: GO:0002067
term: glandular epithelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


go_id: GO:0002068
term: glandular epithelial cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


go_id: GO:0002069
term: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


go_id: GO:0002070
term: epithelial cell maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


go_id: GO:0002071
term: glandular epithelial cell maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


go_id: GO:0002072
term: optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002074
term: extraocular skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002075
term: somitomeric trunk muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002076
term: osteoblast development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.


go_id: GO:0002077
term: acrosome matrix dispersal
ontology: BP
definition:
The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that allows for their release into the egg. The dispersal of the components allows for the inner acrosomal membrane to interact with the egg.


go_id: GO:0002079
term: inner acrosomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0002080
term: acrosomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.


go_id: GO:0002081
term: outer acrosomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.


go_id: GO:0002082
term: regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.


go_id: GO:0002083
term: 4-hydroxybenzoate decaprenyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0002085
term: inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


go_id: GO:0002086
term: diaphragm contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


go_id: GO:0002087
term: regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0002088
term: lens development in camera-type eye
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002089
term: lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0002091
term: negative regulation of receptor internalization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


go_id: GO:0002094
term: polyprenyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


go_id: GO:0002095
term: caveolar macromolecular signaling complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).


