# go_term

go_id: GO:0009644
term: response to high light intensity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009645
term: response to low light intensity stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


go_id: GO:0009646
term: response to absence of light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


go_id: GO:0009648
term: photoperiodism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


go_id: GO:0009650
term: UV protection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.


go_id: GO:0009651
term: response to salt stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0009652
term: thigmotropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009654
term: photosystem II oxygen evolving complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).


go_id: GO:0009655
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009656
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.


go_id: GO:0009657
term: plastid organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009658
term: chloroplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0009659
term: leucoplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


go_id: GO:0009660
term: amyloplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


go_id: GO:0009661
term: chromoplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.


go_id: GO:0009662
term: etioplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


go_id: GO:0009663
term: plasmodesma organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009664
term: plant-type cell wall organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009666
term: plastid outer membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009667
term: plastid inner membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009668
term: plastid membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009669
term: sucrose:monovalent cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


go_id: GO:0009670
term: triose-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: triose-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = triose-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


go_id: GO:0009671
term: nitrate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009672
term: auxin:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: auxin(out) + H+(out) = auxin(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009673
term: low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009674
term: potassium:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0009675
term: high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009676
term: low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009677
term: double fertilization forming two zygotes
ontology: BP
definition:
Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.


go_id: GO:0009679
term: hexose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009682
term: induced systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


go_id: GO:0009683
term: indoleacetic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


go_id: GO:0009684
term: indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


go_id: GO:0009685
term: gibberellin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009686
term: gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009687
term: abscisic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009688
term: abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009689
term: induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.


go_id: GO:0009690
term: cytokinin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009691
term: cytokinin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009692
term: ethylene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


go_id: GO:0009693
term: ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


go_id: GO:0009694
term: jasmonic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


go_id: GO:0009695
term: jasmonic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative.


go_id: GO:0009696
term: salicylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009697
term: salicylic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009699
term: phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


go_id: GO:0009700
term: indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


go_id: GO:0009701
term: isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


go_id: GO:0009704
term: de-etiolation
ontology: BP
definition:
The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.


go_id: GO:0009705
term: plant-type vacuole membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009706
term: chloroplast inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.


go_id: GO:0009708
term: benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


go_id: GO:0009709
term: terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


go_id: GO:0009710
term: tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


go_id: GO:0009711
term: purine alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


go_id: GO:0009712
term: catechol-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


go_id: GO:0009713
term: catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


go_id: GO:0009714
term: chalcone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


go_id: GO:0009715
term: chalcone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


go_id: GO:0009716
term: flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


go_id: GO:0009717
term: isoflavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009718
term: anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


go_id: GO:0009719
term: response to endogenous stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


go_id: GO:0009720
term: detection of hormone stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009721
term: detection of auxin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009722
term: detection of cytokinin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009723
term: response to ethylene
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009724
term: detection of abscisic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009725
term: response to hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009726
term: detection of endogenous stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009727
term: detection of ethylene stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009728
term: detection of gibberellic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009729
term: detection of brassinosteroid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009730
term: detection of carbohydrate stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009731
term: detection of sucrose stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009732
term: detection of hexose stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009733
term: response to auxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009734
term: auxin-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone auxin to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009735
term: response to cytokinin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009736
term: cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009737
term: response to abscisic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009738
term: abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009739
term: response to gibberellin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009741
term: response to brassinosteroid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009743
term: response to carbohydrate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009744
term: response to sucrose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009746
term: response to hexose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009749
term: response to glucose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009750
term: response to fructose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009751
term: response to salicylic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009752
term: detection of salicylic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009753
term: response to jasmonic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009754
term: detection of jasmonic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.


go_id: GO:0009758
term: carbohydrate utilization
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


go_id: GO:0009759
term: indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009760
term: C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


go_id: GO:0009761
term: CAM photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009762
term: NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009763
term: NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009764
term: PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


go_id: GO:0009765
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting
ontology: BP
definition:
Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.


go_id: GO:0009766
term: primary charge separation
ontology: BP
definition:
In the photosynthetic reaction centers, primary charge separation is initiated by the excitation of a molecule followed by the transfer of an electron to an electron acceptor molecule following energy transfer from light harvesting complexes.


go_id: GO:0009768
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I
ontology: BP
definition:
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009769
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II
ontology: BP
definition:
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009770
term: primary charge separation in photosystem I
ontology: BP
definition:
Energized reaction-center P700 chlorophylls on photosystem I donate an electron to a loosely bound Quinone acceptor molecule X, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.


go_id: GO:0009771
term: primary charge separation in photosystem II
ontology: BP
definition:
Energized reaction-center P680 chlorophylls on photosystem II donate an electron to a loosely bound acceptor molecule, the quinone Q, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.


go_id: GO:0009772
term: photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0009773
term: photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


go_id: GO:0009777
term: photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0009778
term: cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0009779
term: noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0009780
term: photosynthetic NADP+ reduction
ontology: BP
definition:
An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.


go_id: GO:0010242
term: oxygen evolving activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


go_id: GO:0009782
term: photosystem I antenna complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


go_id: GO:0009783
term: photosystem II antenna complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


go_id: GO:0009784
term: transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009785
term: blue light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.


go_id: GO:0009788
term: negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


go_id: GO:0009789
term: positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


go_id: GO:0009791
term: post-embryonic development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.


go_id: GO:0009792
term: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


go_id: GO:0009793
term: embryo development ending in seed dormancy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009794
term: regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.


go_id: GO:0009799
term: specification of symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.


go_id: GO:0009800
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009801
term: cinnamic acid ester metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009802
term: cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009804
term: coumarin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


go_id: GO:0009805
term: coumarin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


go_id: GO:0009806
term: lignan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


go_id: GO:0009807
term: lignan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


go_id: GO:0009808
term: lignin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


go_id: GO:0009809
term: lignin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.


go_id: GO:0009810
term: stilbene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0009811
term: stilbene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


go_id: GO:0009812
term: flavonoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.


go_id: GO:0009813
term: flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


go_id: GO:0009815
term: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O(2) = CO(2) + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H(2)O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.


go_id: GO:0009820
term: alkaloid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009821
term: alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009822
term: alkaloid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009823
term: cytokinin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009824
term: AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0009825
term: multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes.


go_id: GO:0009826
term: unidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.


go_id: GO:0009827
term: plant-type cell wall modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009828
term: plant-type cell wall loosening
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009829
term: cell wall modification involved in fruit ripening
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.


go_id: GO:0009830
term: cell wall modification involved in abscission
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


go_id: GO:0009831
term: plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009832
term: plant-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009833
term: plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009834
term: plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009835
term: fruit ripening
ontology: BP
definition:
An aging process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.


go_id: GO:0009836
term: fruit ripening, climacteric
ontology: BP
definition:
A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.


go_id: GO:0019005
term: SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


go_id: GO:0009842
term: cyanelle
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid that contains unstacked, phycobilisome-bearing thylakoid membranes and is surrounded by a double membrane with a peptidoglycan layer in the intermembrane space between the two envelope membranes. Cyanelles are characteristic of algae in the class Glaucophyta, and may represent an ancestral form of plastid.


go_id: GO:0009843
term: cyanelle thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.


go_id: GO:0009845
term: seed germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.


go_id: GO:0009846
term: pollen germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.


go_id: GO:0009847
term: spore germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).


go_id: GO:0009848
term: indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009849
term: tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indoleacetic acid, independent of tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009850
term: auxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009851
term: auxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009852
term: auxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009853
term: photorespiration
ontology: BP
definition:
A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009854
term: oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009855
term: determination of bilateral symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


go_id: GO:0009856
term: pollination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the stigma and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-central cell fusion.


go_id: GO:0009861
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


go_id: GO:0009862
term: systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.


go_id: GO:0009866
term: induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009868
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009871
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009873
term: ethylene-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009879
term: determination of radial symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.


go_id: GO:0009881
term: photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009882
term: blue light photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009883
term: red or far-red light photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009884
term: cytokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0009885
term: transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009886
term: post-embryonic morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0009889
term: regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009890
term: negative regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009891
term: positive regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009892
term: negative regulation of metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


go_id: GO:0009893
term: positive regulation of metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


go_id: GO:0009894
term: regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009895
term: negative regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009896
term: positive regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009897
term: external side of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


go_id: GO:0009898
term: cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


go_id: GO:0009900
term: dehiscence
ontology: BP
definition:
The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.


go_id: GO:0009902
term: chloroplast relocation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.


go_id: GO:0009903
term: chloroplast avoidance movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.


go_id: GO:0009904
term: chloroplast accumulation movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009906
term: response to photoperiod, blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


go_id: GO:0009907
term: response to photoperiod, red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.


go_id: GO:0009908
term: flower development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.


go_id: GO:0009913
term: epidermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0009914
term: hormone transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0009915
term: phloem sucrose loading
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.


go_id: GO:0009916
term: alternative oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.


go_id: GO:0009920
term: cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009921
term: auxin efflux carrier complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.


go_id: GO:0009923
term: fatty acid elongase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of fatty acids chains 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.


go_id: GO:0009925
term: basal plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.


go_id: GO:0009926
term: auxin polar transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.


go_id: GO:0009927
term: histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.


go_id: GO:0009931
term: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions are dependent on the presence of calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0009933
term: meristem structural organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


go_id: GO:0009938
term: negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


go_id: GO:0009939
term: positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


go_id: GO:0009940
term: amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles.


go_id: GO:0009941
term: chloroplast envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0009942
term: longitudinal axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.


go_id: GO:0009943
term: adaxial/abaxial axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009944
term: polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009945
term: radial axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.


go_id: GO:0009946
term: proximal/distal axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


go_id: GO:0009947
term: centrolateral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.


go_id: GO:0009948
term: anterior/posterior axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


go_id: GO:0009950
term: dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009952
term: anterior/posterior pattern specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


go_id: GO:0009953
term: dorsal/ventral pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009954
term: proximal/distal pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


go_id: GO:0009955
term: adaxial/abaxial pattern specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009956
term: radial pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


go_id: GO:0009957
term: epidermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0009960
term: endosperm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.


go_id: GO:0009961
term: response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009962
term: regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009963
term: positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009964
term: negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009969
term: xyloglucan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


go_id: GO:0009970
term: cellular response to sulfate starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.


go_id: GO:0009971
term: anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.


go_id: GO:0009974
term: zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


go_id: GO:0009976
term: tocopherol cyclase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).


go_id: GO:0009977
term: proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of the membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.


go_id: GO:0009979
term: 16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.


go_id: GO:0009982
term: pseudouridine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


go_id: GO:0009987
term: cellular process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


go_id: GO:0009990
term: contact guidance
ontology: BP
definition:
Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


go_id: GO:0009991
term: response to extracellular stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009994
term: oocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.


go_id: GO:0009997
term: negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0010001
term: glial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.


go_id: GO:0010002
term: cardioblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0010004
term: gastrulation involving germ band extension
ontology: BP
definition:
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0010005
term: cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
ontology: CC
definition:
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


go_id: GO:0010007
term: magnesium chelatase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0010011
term: auxin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with auxin, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0010013
term: N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.


go_id: GO:0010014
term: meristem initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


go_id: GO:0010015
term: root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.


go_id: GO:0010016
term: shoot system morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


go_id: GO:0010017
term: red or far-red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010018
term: far-red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010019
term: chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0010020
term: chloroplast fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0010021
term: amylopectin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


go_id: GO:0010022
term: meristem determinacy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


go_id: GO:0010024
term: phytochromobilin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


go_id: GO:0010025
term: wax biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


go_id: GO:0010026
term: trichome differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010027
term: thylakoid membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.


go_id: GO:0010028
term: xanthophyll cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


go_id: GO:0010031
term: circumnutation
ontology: BP
definition:
The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.


go_id: GO:0010033
term: response to organic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010034
term: response to acetate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010035
term: response to inorganic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010036
term: response to boron-containing substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010037
term: response to carbon dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010039
term: response to iron ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010040
term: response to iron(II) ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010041
term: response to iron(III) ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010042
term: response to manganese ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010043
term: response to zinc ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010044
term: response to aluminum ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010045
term: response to nickel cation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010046
term: response to mycotoxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


go_id: GO:0010048
term: vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010050
term: vegetative phase change
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


go_id: GO:0010051
term: xylem and phloem pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010053
term: root epidermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


go_id: GO:0010054
term: trichoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.


go_id: GO:0010055
term: atrichoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


go_id: GO:0010065
term: primary meristem tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.


go_id: GO:0010067
term: procambium histogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.


go_id: GO:0010069
term: zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010070
term: zygote asymmetric cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


go_id: GO:0010072
term: primary shoot apical meristem specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


go_id: GO:0010074
term: maintenance of meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010076
term: maintenance of floral meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010077
term: maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010078
term: maintenance of root meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010079
term: maintenance of vegetative meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010087
term: phloem or xylem histogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010090
term: trichome morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010091
term: trichome branching
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010092
term: specification of organ identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010093
term: specification of floral organ identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010094
term: specification of carpel identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010095
term: specification of petal identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010096
term: specification of sepal identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010097
term: specification of stamen identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010098
term: suspensor development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.


go_id: GO:0010101
term: post-embryonic root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.


go_id: GO:0010102
term: lateral root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


go_id: GO:0010103
term: stomatal complex morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010106
term: cellular response to iron ion starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


go_id: GO:0010108
term: detection of glutamine
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a glutamine stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0010111
term: glyoxysome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.


go_id: GO:0010113
term: negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


go_id: GO:0010114
term: response to red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010115
term: regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0010116
term: positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0010117
term: photoprotection
ontology: BP
definition:
Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0010118
term: stomatal movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


go_id: GO:0010121
term: arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.


go_id: GO:0010122
term: arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


go_id: GO:0010123
term: acetate catabolic process to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol
ontology: BP
definition:
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate to form butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol.


go_id: GO:0010125
term: mycothiol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


go_id: GO:0010126
term: mycothiol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


go_id: GO:0010127
term: mycothiol-dependent detoxification
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


go_id: GO:0010128
term: benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


go_id: GO:0010129
term: anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0010130
term: anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0010132
term: dhurrin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


go_id: GO:0010133
term: proline catabolic process to glutamate
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


go_id: GO:0010134
term: sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


go_id: GO:0010135
term: ureide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


go_id: GO:0010136
term: ureide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


go_id: GO:0010137
term: ureide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


go_id: GO:0010138
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0010139
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0043103
term: hypoxanthine salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0010142
term: farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


go_id: GO:0010143
term: cutin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


go_id: GO:0010144
term: pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.


go_id: GO:0010145
term: fructan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010146
term: fructan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010147
term: fructan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010150
term: leaf senescence
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism.


go_id: GO:0010152
term: pollen maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


go_id: GO:0042815
term: bipolar cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size along one axis through simultaneous polarized growth from opposite ends of a cell, resulting in morphogenesis of the cell.


go_id: GO:0010154
term: fruit development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


go_id: GO:0010155
term: regulation of proton transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0048533
term: sporocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.


go_id: GO:0010157
term: response to chlorate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010158
term: abaxial cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0010159
term: specification of organ position
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new organ.


go_id: GO:0010160
term: formation of organ boundary
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that specifies organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


go_id: GO:0010161
term: red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010162
term: seed dormancy process
ontology: BP
definition:
A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


go_id: GO:0010163
term: high-affinity potassium ion import
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, energized, high affinity movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle, driven by cation symport with hydrogen or sodium ions. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0010164
term: response to cesium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010165
term: response to X-ray
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


go_id: GO:0010167
term: response to nitrate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010168
term: ER body
ontology: CC
definition:
A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


go_id: GO:0010169
term: thioglucosidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.


go_id: GO:0010170
term: glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.


go_id: GO:0010174
term: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


go_id: GO:0010176
term: homogentisate phytyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010177
term: 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.


go_id: GO:0010181
term: FMN binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FMN, flavin mononucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


go_id: GO:0010182
term: sugar mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


go_id: GO:0010184
term: cytokinin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010188
term: response to microbial phytotoxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


go_id: GO:0010189
term: vitamin E biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


go_id: GO:0010190
term: cytochrome b6f complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


go_id: GO:0010192
term: mucilage biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


go_id: GO:0010193
term: response to ozone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


go_id: GO:0035196
term: production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein.


go_id: GO:0010196
term: nonphotochemical quenching
ontology: BP
definition:
The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


go_id: GO:0010197
term: polar nucleus fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


go_id: GO:0010198
term: synergid death
ontology: BP
definition:
Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


go_id: GO:0010199
term: organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.


go_id: GO:0010200
term: response to chitin
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010201
term: response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


go_id: GO:0010202
term: response to low fluence red light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.


go_id: GO:0010203
term: response to very low fluence red light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


go_id: GO:0010204
term: defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of molecular signals that is activated during defense response and does not depend upon R-genes.


go_id: GO:0010205
term: photoinhibition
ontology: BP
definition:
The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010206
term: photosystem II repair
ontology: BP
definition:
Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


go_id: GO:0010207
term: photosystem II assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


go_id: GO:0010209
term: vacuolar sorting signal binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.


go_id: GO:0010212
term: response to ionizing radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


go_id: GO:0010213
term: non-photoreactive DNA repair
ontology: BP
definition:
A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


go_id: GO:0010214
term: seed coat development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010215
term: cellulose microfibril organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


go_id: GO:0010217
term: cellular aluminum ion homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions at the level of a cell.


go_id: GO:0010218
term: response to far red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010219
term: regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010220
term: positive regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010221
term: negative regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010223
term: secondary shoot formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.


go_id: GO:0010224
term: response to UV-B
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


go_id: GO:0010225
term: response to UV-C
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


go_id: GO:0010226
term: response to lithium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010228
term: vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem
ontology: BP
definition:
The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010229
term: inflorescence development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010230
term: alternative respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


go_id: GO:0010232
term: vascular transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.


go_id: GO:0010233
term: phloem transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a phloem tissue or in the phloem membrane.


go_id: GO:0010234
term: anther wall tapetum cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0010235
term: guard mother cell cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.


go_id: GO:0010236
term: plastoquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0010238
term: response to proline
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010239
term: chloroplast mRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0010240
term: plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


go_id: GO:0010241
term: ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


go_id: GO:0010243
term: response to organonitrogen compound
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


go_id: GO:0010244
term: response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


go_id: GO:0010246
term: rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010247
term: detection of phosphate ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0010248
term: establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010250
term: S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


go_id: GO:0010252
term: auxin homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
A homeostatic process that maintains an endogenous steady-state concentration of primary auxin, or constant level of auxin in a biological system, by a number of biochemical processes including transport, biosynthesis, catabolism and conjugation.


go_id: GO:0010253
term: UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010254
term: nectary development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010255
term: glucose mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


go_id: GO:0010256
term: endomembrane system organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.


go_id: GO:0010257
term: NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


go_id: GO:0010258
term: NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0010259
term: multicellular organismal aging
ontology: BP
definition:
An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).


go_id: GO:0010260
term: organ senescence
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that occurs in an organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010262
term: somatic embryogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


go_id: GO:0010263
term: tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


go_id: GO:0010264
term: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


go_id: GO:0010265
term: SCF complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


go_id: GO:0010266
term: response to vitamin B1
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010267
term: production of ta-siRNAs involved in RNA interference
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form trans-acting small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. ta-siRNAs arise from PolII genes and function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0010268
term: brassinosteroid homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0010269
term: response to selenium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


go_id: GO:0010270
term: photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


go_id: GO:0010271
term: regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.


go_id: GO:0010272
term: response to silver ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010273
term: detoxification of copper ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


go_id: GO:0010275
term: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


go_id: GO:0010277
term: chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.


go_id: GO:0010278
term: chloroplast outer membrane translocon
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


go_id: GO:0010279
term: indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.


go_id: GO:0010282
term: senescence-associated vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0010285
term: L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H(2)O + H(+).


go_id: GO:0010287
term: plastoglobule
ontology: CC
definition:
A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


go_id: GO:0010288
term: response to lead ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010289
term: homogalacturonan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


go_id: GO:0010290
term: chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of the membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0010291
term: carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


go_id: GO:0010295
term: (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0010296
term: prenylcysteine methylesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


go_id: GO:0010297
term: heteropolysaccharide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heteropolysaccharides. A heteropolysaccharide is a glycan composed of more than one type of monosaccharide residue.


go_id: GO:0010299
term: detoxification of cobalt ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.


go_id: GO:0010303
term: limit dextrinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.


go_id: GO:0010304
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010306
term: rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


go_id: GO:0010308
term: acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


go_id: GO:0010309
term: acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0010310
term: regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0010311
term: lateral root formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


go_id: GO:0010312
term: detoxification of zinc ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


go_id: GO:0010314
term: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.


go_id: GO:0010316
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010317
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


go_id: GO:0010318
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


go_id: GO:0010319
term: stromule
ontology: CC
definition:
Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.


go_id: GO:0010321
term: regulation of vegetative phase change
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


go_id: GO:0010322
term: regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


go_id: GO:0010323
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


go_id: GO:0010325
term: raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).


go_id: GO:0010330
term: cellulose synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


go_id: GO:0010331
term: gibberellin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with gibberellins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0010332
term: response to gamma radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


go_id: GO:0010333
term: terpene synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


go_id: GO:0010334
term: sesquiterpene synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


go_id: GO:0010335
term: response to non-ionic osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0010336
term: gibberellic acid homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.


go_id: GO:0010337
term: regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.


go_id: GO:0010338
term: leaf formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0010340
term: carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0010341
term: gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0010342
term: endosperm cellularization
ontology: BP
definition:
The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


go_id: GO:0010343
term: singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0010344
term: seed oilbody biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.


go_id: GO:0010345
term: suberin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


go_id: GO:0010346
term: shoot axis formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0010348
term: lithium:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0010350
term: cellular response to magnesium starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


go_id: GO:0010351
term: lithium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010353
term: response to trehalose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010355
term: homogentisate farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010356
term: homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010357
term: homogentisate solanesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010358
term: leaf shaping
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.


go_id: GO:0010360
term: negative regulation of anion channel activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010362
term: negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010363
term: regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


go_id: GO:0010365
term: positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


go_id: GO:0010366
term: negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


go_id: GO:0010367
term: extracellular isoamylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


go_id: GO:0010368
term: chloroplast isoamylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


go_id: GO:0010369
term: chromocenter
ontology: CC
definition:
A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure.


go_id: GO:0010371
term: regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010372
term: positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010373
term: negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010374
term: stomatal complex development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010375
term: stomatal complex patterning
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010376
term: stomatal complex formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010377
term: guard cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


go_id: GO:0010378
term: temperature compensation of the circadian clock
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


go_id: GO:0010379
term: phaseic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).


go_id: GO:0010380
term: regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


go_id: GO:0010381
term: attachment of peroxisome to chloroplast
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a location adjacent to the chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0010384
term: cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0010385
term: double-stranded methylated DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


go_id: GO:0010387
term: COP9 signalosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.


go_id: GO:0010389
term: regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010391
term: glucomannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


go_id: GO:0010392
term: galactoglucomannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


go_id: GO:0010393
term: galacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0010394
term: homogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


go_id: GO:0010395
term: rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


go_id: GO:0010396
term: rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


go_id: GO:0010397
term: apiogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


go_id: GO:0010398
term: xylogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


go_id: GO:0010399
term: rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


go_id: GO:0010401
term: pectic galactan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010402
term: pectic arabinan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010403
term: pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010404
term: cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0010405
term: arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


go_id: GO:0010406
term: classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.


go_id: GO:0010407
term: non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.


go_id: GO:0010408
term: fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


go_id: GO:0010409
term: extensin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


go_id: GO:0010410
term: hemicellulose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


go_id: GO:0010411
term: xyloglucan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


go_id: GO:0010412
term: mannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.


go_id: GO:0010413
term: glucuronoxylan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


go_id: GO:0010414
term: glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


go_id: GO:0010415
term: unsubstituted mannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


go_id: GO:0010416
term: arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


go_id: GO:0010417
term: glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0010418
term: rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


go_id: GO:0010419
term: rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


go_id: GO:0010420
term: polyprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate + H+.


go_id: GO:0010421
term: hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0010422
term: regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


go_id: GO:0010423
term: negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


go_id: GO:0010424
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0010425
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010426
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010427
term: abscisic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with abscisic acid, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0010428
term: methyl-CpNpG binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010429
term: methyl-CpNpN binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010430
term: fatty acid omega-oxidation
ontology: BP
definition:
A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


go_id: GO:0010431
term: seed maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


go_id: GO:0010432
term: bract development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010433
term: bract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010434
term: bract formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010435
term: 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


go_id: GO:0010438
term: cellular response to sulfur starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


go_id: GO:0010439
term: regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


go_id: GO:0010440
term: stomatal lineage progression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.


go_id: GO:0010441
term: guard cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010443
term: meristemoid mother cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.


go_id: GO:0010445
term: nuclear dicing body
ontology: CC
definition:
A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.


go_id: GO:0010446
term: response to alkaline pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0010447
term: response to acidic pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0010448
term: vegetative meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.


go_id: GO:0010449
term: root meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.


go_id: GO:0010450
term: inflorescence meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.


go_id: GO:0010451
term: floral meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.


go_id: GO:0010452
term: histone H3-K36 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0010453
term: regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010454
term: negative regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010455
term: positive regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010456
term: cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


go_id: GO:0010458
term: exit from mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle transition where a cell leaves M phase and enters a new G1 phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0010461
term: light-activated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010462
term: regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010463
term: mesenchymal cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


go_id: GO:0010464
term: regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


go_id: GO:0010465
term: nerve growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0010466
term: negative regulation of peptidase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


go_id: GO:0010467
term: gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


go_id: GO:0010468
term: regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


go_id: GO:0010469
term: regulation of receptor activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0010470
term: regulation of gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


go_id: GO:0010471
term: GDP-galactose:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010472
term: GDP-galactose:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0010473
term: GDP-galactose:myoinositol-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


go_id: GO:0010477
term: response to sulfur dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010478
term: chlororespiration
ontology: BP
definition:
A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.


go_id: GO:0010479
term: stele development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.


go_id: GO:0010480
term: microsporocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.


go_id: GO:0010481
term: epidermal cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0010482
term: regulation of epidermal cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0010483
term: pollen tube reception
ontology: BP
definition:
Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.


go_id: GO:0010486
term: manganese:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0010487
term: thermospermine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.


go_id: GO:0010492
term: maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010493
term: Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.


go_id: GO:0010494
term: cytoplasmic stress granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


go_id: GO:0010495
term: long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing
ontology: BP
definition:
A posttranscriptional gene silencing process in which the silencing signal originates in a tissue separate from the tissue in which the silencing takes place.


go_id: GO:0010497
term: plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0010498
term: proteasomal protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0010499
term: proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


go_id: GO:0010500
term: transmitting tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.


go_id: GO:0010503
term: negative regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.


go_id: GO:0010504
term: regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.


go_id: GO:0010505
term: positive regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.


go_id: GO:0010506
term: regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010507
term: negative regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010508
term: positive regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010510
term: regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0010511
term: regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010512
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010513
term: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010514
term: induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.


go_id: GO:0010515
term: negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0010516
term: negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


go_id: GO:0010517
term: regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010518
term: positive regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010519
term: negative regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010520
term: regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010521
term: telomerase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a telomerase. Telomerase catalyzes the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


go_id: GO:0010522
term: regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010523
term: negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010524
term: positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010525
term: regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010526
term: negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010527
term: positive regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010528
term: regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010529
term: negative regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010530
term: positive regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010531
term: activation of JAK1 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010532
term: regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010533
term: regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010534
term: regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010535
term: positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increase the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010536
term: positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010537
term: positive regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010540
term: basipetal auxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


go_id: GO:0010541
term: acropetal auxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the base towards the apex of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


go_id: GO:0010542
term: nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0010543
term: regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0010544
term: negative regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0051879
term: Hsp90 protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.


go_id: GO:0010550
term: regulation of PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010554
term: neurotransmitter secretory pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A regulated secretory pathway in which neurotransmitters are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release.


go_id: GO:0010556
term: regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010557
term: positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010558
term: negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010559
term: regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010560
term: positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010561
term: negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010562
term: positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


go_id: GO:0010563
term: negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


go_id: GO:0010564
term: regulation of cell cycle process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


go_id: GO:0010565
term: regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


go_id: GO:0010566
term: regulation of ketone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010567
term: regulation of ketone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010568
term: regulation of budding cell apical bud growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


go_id: GO:0010569
term: regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


go_id: GO:0010570
term: regulation of filamentous growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


go_id: GO:0010571
term: positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010572
term: positive regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0010573
term: vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0010574
term: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


go_id: GO:0010575
term: positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


go_id: GO:0010578
term: regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010579
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010581
term: regulation of starch biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
An process which modulate the frequency, rate or extent of starch biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch.


go_id: GO:0010582
term: floral meristem determinacy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


go_id: GO:0010583
term: response to cyclopentenone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0010584
term: pollen exine formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


go_id: GO:0010586
term: miRNA metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


go_id: GO:0010587
term: miRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


go_id: GO:0010589
term: leaf proximal/distal pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.


go_id: GO:0010590
term: regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process of physically separating progeny cells after cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.


go_id: GO:0010591
term: regulation of lamellipodium assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


go_id: GO:0010592
term: positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


go_id: GO:0010593
term: negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


go_id: GO:0010594
term: regulation of endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


go_id: GO:0010595
term: positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


go_id: GO:0010596
term: negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


go_id: GO:0010597
term: green leaf volatile biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.


go_id: GO:0010598
term: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


go_id: GO:0010599
term: production of lsiRNA involved in RNA interference
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form lsiRNA (long small interfering RNA), a class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.


go_id: GO:0010600
term: regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0010601
term: positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0010602
term: regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Regulation of the chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


go_id: GO:0010603
term: regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


go_id: GO:0010604
term: positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010605
term: negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010606
term: positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


go_id: GO:0010607
term: negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


go_id: GO:0010608
term: posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.


go_id: GO:0010609
term: mRNA localization resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.


go_id: GO:0010610
term: regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation that is part of a change in state or activity of a cell as a result of an exogenous disturbance.


go_id: GO:0010611
term: regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


go_id: GO:0010612
term: regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


go_id: GO:0010613
term: positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


go_id: GO:0010614
term: negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


go_id: GO:0010615
term: positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


go_id: GO:0010616
term: negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


go_id: GO:0010617
term: circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0010618
term: aerenchyma formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0010619
term: adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glucose binding to a G-protein coupled receptor, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


go_id: GO:0010620
term: negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0010621
term: negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.


go_id: GO:0010622
term: specification of ovule identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010623
term: developmental programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.


go_id: GO:0010624
term: regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


go_id: GO:0010625
term: positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


go_id: GO:0010626
term: negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


go_id: GO:0010628
term: positive regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


go_id: GO:0010629
term: negative regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


go_id: GO:0010630
term: regulation of transcription, start site selection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA by a mechanism that selects the start site along that template.


go_id: GO:0010631
term: epithelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0010633
term: negative regulation of epithelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


go_id: GO:0010635
term: regulation of mitochondrial fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


go_id: GO:0010636
term: positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


go_id: GO:0010637
term: negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


go_id: GO:0010638
term: positive regulation of organelle organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.


go_id: GO:0010639
term: negative regulation of organelle organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.


go_id: GO:0010640
term: regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010641
term: positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010642
term: negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010643
term: cell communication by chemical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010644
term: cell communication by electrical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010645
term: regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010646
term: regulation of cell communication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


go_id: GO:0010647
term: positive regulation of cell communication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


go_id: GO:0010648
term: negative regulation of cell communication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


go_id: GO:0010649
term: regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010650
term: positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010651
term: negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010652
term: positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010653
term: negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


go_id: GO:0010654
term: apical cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.


go_id: GO:0010656
term: negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010657
term: muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.


go_id: GO:0010658
term: striated muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.


go_id: GO:0010659
term: cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


go_id: GO:0010660
term: regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010661
term: positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010662
term: regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010663
term: positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010665
term: regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010666
term: positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010667
term: negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


go_id: GO:0010668
term: ectodermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


go_id: GO:2000379
term: positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


go_id: GO:2000375
term: negative regulation of oxygen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.


go_id: GO:2000378
term: negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


go_id: GO:0010672
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0010673
term: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0010674
term: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cell cycle process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.


go_id: GO:0010675
term: regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010676
term: positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010677
term: negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010678
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

definition:
Any cellular process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates carried out by repression of transcription.


go_id: GO:0010679
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in salicylic acid metabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of salicylic acid.


go_id: GO:0010680
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in coumarin metabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of coumarin.


go_id: GO:0010681
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in stilbene metabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of stilbene.


go_id: GO:0010682
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in flavonoid metabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0010683
term: tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


go_id: GO:0010684
term: tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


go_id: GO:0010685
term: tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


go_id: GO:0010686
term: tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


go_id: GO:0010688
term: negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0010689
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to chemical stimulus

definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a chemical stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010690
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress

definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


go_id: GO:0010691
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels

definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


go_id: GO:0010692
term: regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0010693
term: negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0010694
term: positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0010695
term: regulation of spindle pole body separation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


go_id: GO:0010696
term: positive regulation of spindle pole body separation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


go_id: GO:0010697
term: negative regulation of spindle pole body separation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


go_id: GO:0010698
term: acetyltransferase activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


go_id: GO:0010699
term: cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.


go_id: GO:0010700
term: negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0010701
term: positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0010702
term: regulation of histolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.


go_id: GO:0010703
term: negative regulation of histolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.


go_id: GO:0010704
term: meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.


go_id: GO:0010705
term: meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010706
term: ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


go_id: GO:0010707
term: globoside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of globosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


go_id: GO:0010708
term: heteroduplex formation involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.


go_id: GO:0010709
ontology: BP
term:
heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

definition:
The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.


go_id: GO:0010710
term: regulation of collagen catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0010711
term: negative regulation of collagen catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0010712
term: regulation of collagen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


go_id: GO:0010713
term: negative regulation of collagen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


go_id: GO:0010714
term: positive regulation of collagen metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


go_id: GO:0010715
term: regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0010716
term: negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0010717
term: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


go_id: GO:0010718
term: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


go_id: GO:0010719
term: negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


go_id: GO:0010720
term: positive regulation of cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


go_id: GO:0010721
term: negative regulation of cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


go_id: GO:0010722
term: regulation of ferrochelatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.


go_id: GO:0010723
term: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010724
term: regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.


go_id: GO:0010725
term: regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


go_id: GO:0010726
term: positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0010727
term: negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0010728
term: regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


go_id: GO:0010729
term: positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


go_id: GO:0010730
term: negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


go_id: GO:0010731
term: protein glutathionylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


go_id: GO:0010732
term: regulation of protein glutathionylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


go_id: GO:0010733
term: positive regulation of protein glutathionylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


go_id: GO:0010734
term: negative regulation of protein glutathionylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


go_id: GO:0010735
term: positive regulation of transcription via serum response element binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


go_id: GO:0010736
term: serum response element binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the serum response element (SRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


go_id: GO:0010737
term: protein kinase A signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


go_id: GO:0010738
term: regulation of protein kinase A signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


go_id: GO:0010739
term: positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


go_id: GO:0010742
term: macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


go_id: GO:0010743
term: regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


go_id: GO:0010744
term: positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


go_id: GO:0010745
term: negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


go_id: GO:0010746
term: regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0010747
term: positive regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0010748
term: negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0010749
term: regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


go_id: GO:0010750
term: positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


go_id: GO:0010751
term: negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


go_id: GO:0010752
term: regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0010753
term: positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0010754
term: negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


go_id: GO:0010755
term: regulation of plasminogen activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


go_id: GO:0010756
term: positive regulation of plasminogen activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


go_id: GO:0010757
term: negative regulation of plasminogen activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


go_id: GO:0010758
term: regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010759
term: positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010760
term: negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010761
term: fibroblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


go_id: GO:0010762
term: regulation of fibroblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


go_id: GO:0010763
term: positive regulation of fibroblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


go_id: GO:0010764
term: negative regulation of fibroblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


go_id: GO:0010765
term: positive regulation of sodium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010766
term: negative regulation of sodium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010767
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010768
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010769
term: regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


go_id: GO:0010770
term: positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


go_id: GO:0010771
term: negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


go_id: GO:0010772
term: meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010773
term: meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


go_id: GO:0010774
term: meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010775
term: meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.


go_id: GO:0010776
term: meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


go_id: GO:0010777
term: meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010778
term: meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010779
term: meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


go_id: GO:0010780
term: meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010781
term: meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


go_id: GO:0010782
term: proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0010783
term: proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0010784
term: proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0010785
term: clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0010786
term: clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0010787
term: COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0010788
term: COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0010789
term: meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0010790
term: meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0010791
term: DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
ontology: BP
definition:
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


go_id: GO:0010792
term: DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing
ontology: BP
definition:
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing.


go_id: GO:0010793
term: regulation of mRNA export from nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010794
term: regulation of dolichol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dolichol biosynthesis. Dolichol biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


go_id: GO:0010795
term: regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


go_id: GO:0010796
term: regulation of multivesicular body size
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.


go_id: GO:0010797
term: regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


go_id: GO:0010798
term: regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


go_id: GO:0010799
term: regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


go_id: GO:0010800
term: positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


go_id: GO:0010801
term: negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


go_id: GO:0010803
term: regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0010804
term: negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0010805
term: regulation of lysine import
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010806
term: negative regulation of lysine import
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010807
term: regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


go_id: GO:0010808
term: positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


go_id: GO:0010809
term: negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


go_id: GO:0010810
term: regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


go_id: GO:0010811
term: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


go_id: GO:0010812
term: negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


go_id: GO:0010813
term: neuropeptide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.


go_id: GO:0010817
term: regulation of hormone levels
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0010818
term: T cell chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


go_id: GO:0010819
term: regulation of T cell chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010820
term: positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010821
term: regulation of mitochondrion organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0010822
term: positive regulation of mitochondrion organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0010823
term: negative regulation of mitochondrion organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.


go_id: GO:0010824
term: regulation of centrosome duplication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


go_id: GO:0010825
term: positive regulation of centrosome duplication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


go_id: GO:0010826
term: negative regulation of centrosome duplication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


go_id: GO:0010827
term: regulation of glucose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010828
term: positive regulation of glucose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010829
term: negative regulation of glucose transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010830
term: regulation of myotube differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


go_id: GO:0010831
term: positive regulation of myotube differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


go_id: GO:0010832
term: negative regulation of myotube differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


go_id: GO:0010833
term: telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.


go_id: GO:0010835
term: regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


go_id: GO:0010836
term: negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


go_id: GO:0010837
term: regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0010838
term: positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0010839
term: negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0010840
term: regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


go_id: GO:0010841
term: positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


go_id: GO:0010842
term: retina layer formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.


go_id: GO:0044212
term: transcription regulatory region DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


go_id: GO:0010845
term: positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010846
term: activation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that starts the inactive process of reciprocal meiotic recombination. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010847
term: regulation of chromatin assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process the modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly. Chromatin assembly is the assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0010848
term: regulation of chromatin disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin disassembly. Chromatin disassembly is the controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins.


go_id: GO:0010849
term: regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


go_id: GO:0010850
term: regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0010854
term: adenylate cyclase regulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Modulates the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010855
term: adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Decreases the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010856
term: adenylate cyclase activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Increases the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010857
term: calcium-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. This reaction requires the presence of calcium.


go_id: GO:0010858
term: calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Modulates the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein in a calcium-dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0010859
term: calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile in a calcium-dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0061135
term: endopeptidase regulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0010861
term: thyroid hormone receptor activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A receptor activator activity that binds to, thyroid hormone receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances ligand-induced transcriptional activity of the receptor.


go_id: GO:0010862
term: positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.


go_id: GO:0010865
term: stipule development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.


go_id: GO:0010866
term: regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


go_id: GO:0010867
term: positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


go_id: GO:0010868
term: negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


go_id: GO:0010869
term: regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0010870
term: positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0010871
term: negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0010872
term: regulation of cholesterol esterification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.


go_id: GO:0010873
term: positive regulation of cholesterol esterification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.


go_id: GO:0010874
term: regulation of cholesterol efflux
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010875
term: positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010878
term: cholesterol storage
ontology: BP
definition:
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


go_id: GO:0010880
term: regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


go_id: GO:0010881
term: regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


go_id: GO:0010882
term: regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


go_id: GO:0010883
term: regulation of lipid storage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


go_id: GO:0010884
term: positive regulation of lipid storage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


go_id: GO:0010885
term: regulation of cholesterol storage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


go_id: GO:0010886
term: positive regulation of cholesterol storage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


go_id: GO:0010887
term: negative regulation of cholesterol storage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


go_id: GO:0010889
term: regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


go_id: GO:0010890
term: positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


go_id: GO:0010892
term: positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


go_id: GO:0010893
term: positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


go_id: GO:0010894
term: negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


go_id: GO:0010895
term: negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.


go_id: GO:0010896
term: regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


go_id: GO:0010897
term: negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


go_id: GO:0010898
term: positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


go_id: GO:0010899
term: regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


go_id: GO:0010900
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


go_id: GO:0010901
term: regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0010902
term: positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0010903
term: negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0010904
term: regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010905
term: negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010906
term: regulation of glucose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


go_id: GO:0010907
term: positive regulation of glucose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


go_id: GO:0010908
term: regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


go_id: GO:0010909
term: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


go_id: GO:0010910
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by positive regulation of epimerase activity

definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by an increase in epimerase activity. This epimerase activity catalyzes the reaction that converts D-glucuronate into its diastereoisomer in heparan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0010911
term: regulation of isomerase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


go_id: GO:0010912
term: positive regulation of isomerase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


go_id: GO:0010913
term: regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


go_id: GO:0010914
term: positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


go_id: GO:0010915
term: regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010916
term: negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010917
term: negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0010918
term: positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0010919
term: regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


go_id: GO:0010920
term: negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


go_id: GO:0010921
term: regulation of phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010922
term: positive regulation of phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010923
term: negative regulation of phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010924
term: regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010925
term: positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0048646
term: anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


go_id: GO:0010927
term: cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.


go_id: GO:0010928
term: regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


go_id: GO:0010929
term: positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


go_id: GO:0010930
term: negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


go_id: GO:0010934
term: macrophage cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0010935
term: regulation of macrophage cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0010936
term: negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0010937
term: regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization.


go_id: GO:0010939
term: regulation of necrotic cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.


go_id: GO:0010940
term: positive regulation of necrotic cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.


go_id: GO:0010941
term: regulation of cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.


go_id: GO:0010942
term: positive regulation of cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.


go_id: GO:0010944
term: negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.


go_id: GO:0010946
term: regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


go_id: GO:0010947
term: negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


go_id: GO:0010948
term: negative regulation of cell cycle process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


go_id: GO:0010949
term: negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


go_id: GO:0010950
term: positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


go_id: GO:0010951
term: negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


go_id: GO:0010952
term: positive regulation of peptidase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


go_id: GO:0010954
term: positive regulation of protein processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.


go_id: GO:0010955
term: negative regulation of protein processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.


go_id: GO:0010956
term: negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0010957
term: negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


go_id: GO:0010958
term: regulation of amino acid import
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import. Amino acid import is the directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010959
term: regulation of metal ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010960
term: magnesium ion homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0010961
term: cellular magnesium ion homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions at the level of a cell.


go_id: GO:0010962
term: regulation of glucan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0010963
term: regulation of L-arginine import
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import. L-arginine import is the directed movement of L-arginine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.


go_id: GO:0010964
term: regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing by small RNA. Chromatin silencing by small RNA is the repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.


go_id: GO:0010965
term: regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


go_id: GO:0010966
term: regulation of phosphate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010967
term: regulation of polyamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


go_id: GO:0010968
term: regulation of microtubule nucleation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.


go_id: GO:0010969
term: regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0010970
term: microtubule-based transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Microtubule-based movement that results in the net, directed movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another.


go_id: GO:0010971
term: positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010972
term: negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cell cycle regulatory process that decreases the rate or extent of progression of a cell from G2 to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010973
term: positive regulation of barrier septum assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation. Barrier septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0010974
term: negative regulation of barrier septum assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation. Barrier septum formation is he assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0010975
term: regulation of neuron projection development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


go_id: GO:0010976
term: positive regulation of neuron projection development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


go_id: GO:0010977
term: negative regulation of neuron projection development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


go_id: GO:0010978
term: gene silencing involved in chronological cell aging
ontology: BP
definition:
Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process, arising in non-dividing cells as they age, carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.


go_id: GO:0010979
term: regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


go_id: GO:0010980
term: positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


go_id: GO:0010981
term: regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0010982
term: regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010983
term: positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010984
term: regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010985
term: negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010986
term: positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010987
term: negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010988
term: regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010989
term: negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


go_id: GO:0010990
term: regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.


go_id: GO:0010991
term: negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.


go_id: GO:0010992
term: ubiquitin homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell.


go_id: GO:0010993
term: regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ubiquitin homeostasis. Ubiquitin homeostasis is any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell.


go_id: GO:0010994
term: free ubiquitin chain polymerization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


go_id: GO:0010995
term: free ubiquitin chain depolymerization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


go_id: GO:0010996
term: response to auditory stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010997
term: anaphase-promoting complex binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.


go_id: GO:0010998
term: regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.


go_id: GO:0010999
term: regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by heme
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a result of heme levels.


go_id: GO:0011000
term: replication fork arrest at mating type locus
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the mating type locus.


go_id: GO:0012505
term: endomembrane system
ontology: CC
definition:
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.


go_id: GO:0012507
term: ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.


go_id: GO:0012510
term: trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


go_id: GO:0012511
term: monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body
ontology: CC
definition:
A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.


go_id: GO:0014001
term: sclerenchyma cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sclerenchyma cell. A sclerenchyma cell is a plant cell with thick lignified walls, normally dead at maturity and specialized for structural strength. Includes fiber cells, that are greatly elongated; and sclereids, that are more isodiametric. Intermediate types exist. Cells may or may not be devoid of protoplasm at maturity. Cell form and size are variable.


go_id: GO:0014002
term: astrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


go_id: GO:0014003
term: oligodendrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0014004
term: microglia differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


go_id: GO:0014005
term: microglia development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0014006
term: regulation of microglia differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


go_id: GO:0014007
term: negative regulation of microglia differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


go_id: GO:0014008
term: positive regulation of microglia differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


go_id: GO:0014009
term: glial cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.


go_id: GO:0014010
term: Schwann cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


go_id: GO:0014011
term: Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.


go_id: GO:0014012
term: peripheral nervous system axon regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


go_id: GO:0014013
term: regulation of gliogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


go_id: GO:0014014
term: negative regulation of gliogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


go_id: GO:0014015
term: positive regulation of gliogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


go_id: GO:0014016
term: neuroblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.


go_id: GO:0014017
term: neuroblast fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast.


go_id: GO:0014018
term: neuroblast fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0014019
term: neuroblast development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.


go_id: GO:0014020
term: primary neural tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.


go_id: GO:0014021
term: secondary neural tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


go_id: GO:0014022
term: neural plate elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


go_id: GO:0014023
term: neural rod formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


go_id: GO:0014024
term: neural rod cavitation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of rod cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the neural rod during primary neurulation, producing the neural tube.


go_id: GO:0014025
term: neural keel formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


go_id: GO:0014027
term: secondary neural tube rod cavitation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of medullary cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the medullary cord during secondary neurulation, producing the neural tube.


go_id: GO:0014028
term: notochord formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.


go_id: GO:0014029
term: neural crest formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


go_id: GO:0014031
term: mesenchymal cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0014032
term: neural crest cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0014033
term: neural crest cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


go_id: GO:0014035
term: neural crest cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0014036
term: neural crest cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0014037
term: Schwann cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


go_id: GO:0014039
term: negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0014040
term: positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0014041
term: regulation of neuron maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.


go_id: GO:0014044
term: Schwann cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


go_id: GO:0014045
term: establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier
ontology: BP
definition:
Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


go_id: GO:0014046
term: dopamine secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone.


go_id: GO:0014047
term: glutamate secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.


go_id: GO:0014049
term: positive regulation of glutamate secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


go_id: GO:0014050
term: negative regulation of glutamate secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


go_id: GO:0014051
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.


go_id: GO:0014052
term: regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0014053
term: negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0014054
term: positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0014055
term: acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).


go_id: GO:0014057
term: positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


go_id: GO:0014058
term: negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


go_id: GO:0014061
term: regulation of norepinephrine secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0014063
term: negative regulation of serotonin secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


go_id: GO:0014064
term: positive regulation of serotonin secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


go_id: GO:0014065
term: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.


go_id: GO:0014066
term: regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.


go_id: GO:0014067
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.


go_id: GO:0014068
term: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.


go_id: GO:0014069
term: postsynaptic density
ontology: CC
definition:
The postsynaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases. The postsynaptic density may be part of a neuron or a muscle cell or a glial cell.


go_id: GO:0014070
term: response to organic cyclic compound
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014071
term: response to cycloalkane
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


go_id: GO:0014072
term: response to isoquinoline alkaloid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.


go_id: GO:0014073
term: response to tropane
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


go_id: GO:0014074
term: response to purine-containing compound
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014075
term: response to amine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


go_id: GO:0014076
term: response to fluoxetine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.


go_id: GO:0014701
term: junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


go_id: GO:0014702
term: free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


go_id: GO:0014703
term: oscillatory muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.


go_id: GO:0014704
term: intercalated disc
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.


go_id: GO:0014705
term: C zone
ontology: CC
definition:
A region of the A band in which myosin-binding protein C is located and that can be seen by electron microscopy. This is a functional zone that also includes myosin.


go_id: GO:0014706
term: striated muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.


go_id: GO:0014707
term: branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


go_id: GO:0014709
term: positive regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


go_id: GO:0014710
term: negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


go_id: GO:0014711
term: regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0014712
term: positive regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0014713
term: negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0014714
term: myoblast fate commitment in head
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, taking place in the head, whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014715
term: myoblast fate commitment in trunk
ontology: BP
definition:
The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014716
term: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Skeletal muscle satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt.


go_id: GO:0014717
term: regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


go_id: GO:0014718
term: positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


go_id: GO:0014719
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor  such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


go_id: GO:0014720
term: tonic skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.


go_id: GO:0014721
term: twitch skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.


go_id: GO:0014722
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


go_id: GO:0014723
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.


go_id: GO:0014725
term: regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


go_id: GO:0014726
term: negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


go_id: GO:0014727
term: positive regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


go_id: GO:0014728
term: regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.


go_id: GO:0014729
term: regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


go_id: GO:0014730
term: skeletal muscle regeneration at neuromuscular junction
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage at the neuromuscular junction. Regeneration of neuromuscular junctions occurs in an orderly way and relies on communication between nerve and muscle. Skeletal myofibers regenerate after injury and form neuro-muscular junctions with motor axons similar to normal ones. Regenerating myofibers develop within the basal lamina sheaths (satellite cells) of original myofibers.


go_id: GO:0014731
term: spectrin-associated cytoskeleton
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0014732
term: skeletal muscle atrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


go_id: GO:0014733
term: regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


go_id: GO:0014734
term: skeletal muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


go_id: GO:0014747
term: positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0014748
term: negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0014801
term: longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.


go_id: GO:0014803
term: longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum envelope. The longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen is continuous with the lumen contained within the terminal cisternae.


go_id: GO:0014804
term: terminal cisterna lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.


go_id: GO:0014805
term: smooth muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


go_id: GO:0014806
term: smooth muscle hyperplasia
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


go_id: GO:0014808
term: release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


go_id: GO:0014809
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


go_id: GO:0014810
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


go_id: GO:0014811
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


go_id: GO:0014812
term: muscle cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0014813
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.


go_id: GO:0014814
term: axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.


go_id: GO:0014815
ontology: BP
term:
initiation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation by growth factor signalling, involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

definition:
Signalling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the activation of satellite cell, where this process is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


go_id: GO:0014816
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.


go_id: GO:0014817
term: satellite cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0014818
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0014820
term: tonic smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.


go_id: GO:0014821
term: phasic smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations.


go_id: GO:0014823
term: response to activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014824
term: artery smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.


go_id: GO:0014825
term: stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the fundus of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.


go_id: GO:0014826
term: vein smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.


go_id: GO:0014827
term: intestine smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.


go_id: GO:0014828
term: distal stomach smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.


go_id: GO:0014829
term: vascular smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.


go_id: GO:0014830
term: arteriole smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.


go_id: GO:0014831
term: gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).


go_id: GO:0014832
term: urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.


go_id: GO:0014833
term: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division
ontology: BP
definition:
The asymmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool.


go_id: GO:0014834
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells.  Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.


go_id: GO:0014835
term: myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014836
term: myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014837
term: myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014838
term: myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014839
term: myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014841
term: skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


go_id: GO:0014843
term: growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


go_id: GO:0014844
term: myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014845
term: stomach body smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.


go_id: GO:0014846
term: esophagus smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.


go_id: GO:0014847
term: proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.


go_id: GO:0014848
term: urinary tract smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.


go_id: GO:0014849
term: ureter smooth muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


go_id: GO:0014850
term: response to muscle activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014852
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.


go_id: GO:0014853
term: regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


go_id: GO:0014854
term: response to inactivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014855
term: striated muscle cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.


go_id: GO:0014856
term: skeletal muscle cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0014858
term: positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


go_id: GO:0014859
term: negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


go_id: GO:0014860
term: neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.


go_id: GO:0014861
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.


go_id: GO:0014862
term: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.


go_id: GO:0014863
term: detection of inactivity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0014864
term: detection of muscle activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0014865
term: detection of activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0014866
term: skeletal myofibril assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.


go_id: GO:0014868
ontology: BP
term:
cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

definition:
A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0014869
term: detection of muscle inactivity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0014870
term: response to muscle inactivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0014871
ontology: BP
term:
cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

definition:
The process in which actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0014872
term: myoblast division
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


go_id: GO:0014873
term: response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014874
term: response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014875
term: detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014876
term: response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014877
term: response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014878
term: response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014879
term: detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014880
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0014881
term: regulation of myofibril size
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


go_id: GO:0014882
term: regulation of myofibril number
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


go_id: GO:0014883
term: transition between fast and slow fiber
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


go_id: GO:0014884
term: detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014885
term: detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014886
term: transition between slow and fast fiber
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


go_id: GO:0014887
term: cardiac muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


go_id: GO:0014888
term: striated muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


go_id: GO:0014889
term: muscle atrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


go_id: GO:0014890
term: smooth muscle atrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


go_id: GO:0014891
term: striated muscle atrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


go_id: GO:0014893
term: response to rest involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014894
term: response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


go_id: GO:0014895
term: smooth muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


go_id: GO:0014896
term: muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


go_id: GO:0014897
term: striated muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


go_id: GO:0014898
term: cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


go_id: GO:0014899
term: cardiac muscle atrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.


go_id: GO:0014900
term: muscle hyperplasia
ontology: BP
definition:
A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


go_id: GO:0014901
term: satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that initiates skeletal muscle satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


go_id: GO:0014902
term: myotube differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


