# vim:ts=4:sw=4:sts=4:et
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Utility functions that cannot be categorised anywhere else.

@undocumented: _is_running_in_ipython
"""

from contextlib import contextmanager
from collections import MutableMapping
from itertools import chain

import os
import tempfile

__all__ = ["dbl_epsilon", "multidict", "named_temporary_file", "rescale", \
        "safemin", "safemax"]
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
__license__ = u"""\
Copyright (C) 2006-2012  Tamás Nepusz <ntamas@gmail.com>
Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc.,  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301 USA
"""

def _is_running_in_ipython():
    """Internal function that determines whether igraph is running inside
    IPython or not."""
    try:
        # get_ipython is injected into the Python builtins by IPython so
        # this should succeed in IPython but throw a NameError otherwise
        get_ipython
        return True
    except NameError:
        return False


@contextmanager
def named_temporary_file(*args, **kwds):
    """Context manager that creates a named temporary file and
    returns its name.

    All parameters are passed on to ``tempfile.mkstemp``, see
    its documentation for more info.
    """
    handle, tmpfile = tempfile.mkstemp(*args, **kwds)
    os.close(handle)
    try:
        yield tmpfile
    finally:
        os.unlink(tmpfile)

def rescale(values, out_range = (0., 1.), in_range = None, clamp = False,
        scale = None):
    """Rescales a list of numbers into a given range.

    `out_range` gives the range of the output values; by default, the minimum
    of the original numbers in the list will be mapped to the first element
    in the output range and the maximum will be mapped to the second element.
    Elements between the minimum and maximum values in the input list will be
    interpolated linearly between the first and second values of the output
    range.

    `in_range` may be used to override which numbers are mapped to the first
    and second values of the output range. This must also be a tuple, where
    the first element will be mapped to the first element of the output range
    and the second element to the second.

    If `clamp` is ``True``, elements which are outside the given `out_range`
    after rescaling are clamped to the output range to ensure that no number
    will be outside `out_range` in the result.

    If `scale` is not ``None``, it will be called for every element of `values`
    and the rescaling will take place on the results instead. This can be used,
    for instance, to transform the logarithm of the original values instead of
    the actual values. A typical use-case is to map a range of values to color
    identifiers on a logarithmic scale. Scaling also applies to the `in_range`
    parameter if present.

    Examples:

        >>> rescale(range(5), (0, 8))
        [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0]
        >>> rescale(range(5), (2, 10))
        [2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0]
        >>> rescale(range(5), (0, 4), (1, 3))
        [-2.0, 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0]
        >>> rescale(range(5), (0, 4), (1, 3), clamp=True)
        [0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0]
        >>> rescale([0]*5, (1, 3))
        [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
        >>> from math import log10
        >>> rescale([1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000], (0, 8), scale=log10)
        [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0]
        >>> rescale([1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000], (0, 4), (10, 1000), scale=log10)
        [-2.0, 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0]
    """
    if scale is not None:
        values = [scale(value) for value in values]

    if in_range is None:
        mi, ma = min(values), max(values)
    else:
        mi, ma = in_range
        if scale is not None:
            mi, ma = scale(mi), scale(ma)

    ratio = float(ma - mi)
    if not ratio:
        return [(out_range[0] + out_range[1]) / 2.] * len(values)

    min_out, max_out = map(float, out_range)
    ratio = (max_out - min_out) / ratio
    result = [(x - mi) * ratio + min_out for x in values]

    if clamp:
        return [max(min(x, max_out), min_out) for x in result]
    else:
        return result

def str_to_orientation(value, reversed_horizontal=False, reversed_vertical=False):
    """Tries to interpret a string as an orientation value.

    The following basic values are understood: ``left-right``, ``bottom-top``,
    ``right-left``, ``top-bottom``. Possible aliases are:

      - ``horizontal``, ``horiz``, ``h`` and ``lr`` for ``left-right``

      - ``vertical``, ``vert``, ``v`` and ``tb`` for top-bottom.

      - ``lr`` for ``left-right``.

      - ``rl`` for ``right-left``.

    ``reversed_horizontal`` reverses the meaning of ``horizontal``, ``horiz``
    and ``h`` to ``rl`` (instead of ``lr``); similarly, ``reversed_vertical``
    reverses the meaning of ``vertical``, ``vert`` and ``v`` to ``bt``
    (instead of ``tb``).

    Returns one of ``lr``, ``rl``, ``tb`` or ``bt``, or throws ``ValueError``
    if the string cannot be interpreted as an orientation.
    """

    aliases = {"left-right": "lr", "right-left": "rl", "top-bottom": "tb",
            "bottom-top": "bt", "top-down": "tb", "bottom-up": "bt",
            "top-bottom": "tb", "bottom-top": "bt", "td": "tb", "bu": "bt"}

    dir = ["lr", "rl"][reversed_horizontal]
    aliases.update(horizontal=dir, horiz=dir, h=dir)

    dir = ["tb", "bt"][reversed_vertical]
    aliases.update(vertical=dir, vert=dir, v=dir)

    result = aliases.get(value, value)
    if result not in ("lr", "rl", "tb", "bt"):
        raise ValueError("unknown orientation: %s" % result)
    return result


def consecutive_pairs(iterable, circular=False):
    """Returns consecutive pairs of items from the given iterable.

    When `circular` is ``True``, the pair consisting of the last
    and first elements is also returned.

    Example:

        >>> list(consecutive_pairs(range(5)))
        [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)]
        >>> list(consecutive_pairs(range(5), circular=True))
        [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0)]
        >>> list(consecutive_pairs([]))
        []
        >>> list(consecutive_pairs([], circular=True))
        []
        >>> list(consecutive_pairs([0]))
        []
        >>> list(consecutive_pairs([0], circular=True))
        [(0, 0)]
    """
    it = iter(iterable)

    try:
        prev = it.next()
    except StopIteration:
        return
    first = prev

    for item in it:
        yield prev, item
        prev = item

    if circular:
        try:
            yield item, first
        except UnboundLocalError:
            yield first, first

class multidict(MutableMapping):
    """A dictionary-like object that is customized to deal with multiple
    values for the same key.

    Each value in this dictionary will be a list. Methods which emulate
    the methods of a standard Python `dict` object will return or manipulate
    the first items of the lists only. Special methods are provided to
    deal with keys having multiple values.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        self._dict = {}
        if len(args) > 1:
            raise ValueError("%r expected at most 1 argument, got %d" % \
                    (self.__class__.__name__, len(args)))
        if args:
            args = args[0]
            self.update(args)
        self.update(kwds)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        """Returns whether there are any items associated to the given `key`."""
        try:
            return len(self._dict[key]) > 0
        except KeyError:
            return False

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        """Removes all the items associated to the given `key`."""
        del self._dict[key]

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        """Returns an arbitrary item associated to the given key. Raises ``KeyError``
        if no such key exists.

        Example:

            >>> d = multidict([("spam", "eggs"), ("spam", "bacon")])
            >>> d["spam"]
            'eggs'
        """
        try:
            return self._dict[key][0]
        except IndexError:
            raise KeyError(key)

    def __iter__(self):
        """Iterates over the keys of the multidict."""
        return iter(self._dict)

    def __len__(self):
        """Returns the number of distinct keys in this multidict."""
        return len(self._dict)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        """Sets the item associated to the given `key`. Any values associated to the
        key will be erased and replaced by `value`.

        Example:

           >>> d = multidict([("spam", "eggs"), ("spam", "bacon")])
           >>> d["spam"] = "ham"
           >>> d["spam"]
           'ham'
        """
        self._dict[key] = [value]

    def add(self, key, value):
        """Adds `value` to the list of items associated to `key`.

        Example:

            >>> d = multidict()
            >>> d.add("spam", "ham")
            >>> d["spam"]
            'ham'
            >>> d.add("spam", "eggs")
            >>> d.getlist("spam")
            ['ham', 'eggs']
        """
        try:
            self._dict[key].append(value)
        except KeyError:
            self._dict[key] = [value]

    def clear(self):
        """Removes all the items from the multidict."""
        self._dict.clear()

    def get(self, key, default=None):
        """Returns an arbitrary item associated to the given `key`. If `key`
        does not exist or has zero associated items, `default` will be
        returned."""
        try:
            items = self._dict[key]
            return items[0]
        except (KeyError, IndexError):
            return default

    def getlist(self, key):
        """Returns the list of values for the given `key`. An empty list will
        be returned if there is no such key."""
        try:
            return self._dict[key]
        except KeyError:
            return []

    def iterlists(self):
        """Iterates over ``(key, values)`` pairs where ``values`` is the list
        of values associated with ``key``."""
        return self._dict.iteritems()

    def lists(self):
        """Returns a list of ``(key, values)`` pairs where ``values`` is the list
        of values associated with ``key``."""
        return self._dict.items()

    def update(self, arg, **kwds):
        if hasattr(arg, "keys") and callable(arg.keys):
            for key in arg.keys():
                self.add(key, arg[key])
        else:
            for key, value in arg:
                self.add(key, value)
        for key, value in kwds.iteritems():
            self.add(key, value)

def safemax(iterable, default=0):
    """Safer variant of ``max()`` that returns a default value if the iterable
    is empty.

    Example:

        >>> safemax([-5, 6, 4])
        6
        >>> safemax([])
        0
        >>> safemax((), 2)
        2
    """
    it = iter(iterable)
    try:
        first = it.next()
    except StopIteration:
        return default
    else:
        return max(chain([first], it))

def safemin(iterable, default=0):
    """Safer variant of ``min()`` that returns a default value if the iterable
    is empty.

    Example:

        >>> safemin([-5, 6, 4])
        -5
        >>> safemin([])
        0
        >>> safemin((), 2)
        2
    """
    it = iter(iterable)
    try:
        first = it.next()
    except StopIteration:
        return default
    else:
        return min(chain([first], it))

def dbl_epsilon():
    """Approximates the machine epsilon value for doubles."""
    epsilon = 1.0
    while 1.0 + epsilon / 2.0 != 1.0:
        epsilon /= 2
    return epsilon

dbl_epsilon = dbl_epsilon()