/// \file
/// \ingroup tutorial_tree
/// \notebook
/// This example illustrates how to make a Tree from variables or arrays
/// in a C struct - without a dictionary, by creating the branches for
/// builtin types (int, float, double) and arrays explicitly.
/// See tree2a.C for the same example using a class with dictionary
/// instead of a C-struct.
///
/// In this example, we are mapping a C struct to one of the Geant3
/// common blocks /gctrak/. In the real life, this common will be filled
/// by Geant3 at each step and only the Tree Fill function should be called.
/// The example emulates the Geant3 step routines.
///
/// to run the example, do:
/// ~~~
/// .x tree2.C   to execute with the Cling interpreter
/// .x tree2.C++ to execute with native compiler
/// ~~~
/// \macro_code
///
/// \author Rene Brun

#include "TFile.h"
#include "TTree.h"
#include "TH2.h"
#include "TRandom.h"
#include "TCanvas.h"
#include "TMath.h"

const Int_t MAXMEC = 30;

typedef struct {
  Float_t  vect[7];
  Float_t  getot;
  Float_t  gekin;
  Float_t  vout[7];
  Int_t    nmec;
  Int_t    lmec[MAXMEC];
  Int_t    namec[MAXMEC];
  Int_t    nstep;
  Int_t    pid;
  Float_t  destep;
  Float_t  destel;
  Float_t  safety;
  Float_t  sleng;
  Float_t  step;
  Float_t  snext;
  Float_t  sfield;
  Float_t  tofg;
  Float_t  gekrat;
  Float_t  upwght;
} Gctrak_t;


void helixStep(Float_t step, Float_t *vect, Float_t *vout)
{
  // extrapolate track in constant field
   Float_t field = 20;      //magnetic field in kilogauss
   enum Evect {kX,kY,kZ,kPX,kPY,kPZ,kPP};
   vout[kPP] = vect[kPP];
   Float_t h4    = field*2.99792e-4;
   Float_t rho   = -h4/vect[kPP];
   Float_t tet   = rho*step;
   Float_t tsint = tet*tet/6;
   Float_t sintt = 1 - tsint;
   Float_t sint  = tet*sintt;
   Float_t cos1t = tet/2;
   Float_t f1 = step*sintt;
   Float_t f2 = step*cos1t;
   Float_t f3 = step*tsint*vect[kPZ];
   Float_t f4 = -tet*cos1t;
   Float_t f5 = sint;
   Float_t f6 = tet*cos1t*vect[kPZ];
   vout[kX]   = vect[kX]  + (f1*vect[kPX] - f2*vect[kPY]);
   vout[kY]   = vect[kY]  + (f1*vect[kPY] + f2*vect[kPX]);
   vout[kZ]   = vect[kZ]  + (f1*vect[kPZ] + f3);
   vout[kPX]  = vect[kPX] + (f4*vect[kPX] - f5*vect[kPY]);
   vout[kPY]  = vect[kPY] + (f4*vect[kPY] + f5*vect[kPX]);
   vout[kPZ]  = vect[kPZ] + (f4*vect[kPZ] + f6);
}

void tree2w()
{
   //create a Tree file tree2.root

   //create the file, the Tree and a few branches with
   //a subset of gctrak
   TFile f("tree2.root","recreate");
   TTree t2("t2","a Tree with data from a fake Geant3");
   Gctrak_t gstep;
   t2.Branch("vect",gstep.vect,"vect[7]/F");
   t2.Branch("getot",&gstep.getot);
   t2.Branch("gekin",&gstep.gekin);
   t2.Branch("nmec",&gstep.nmec);
   t2.Branch("lmec",gstep.lmec,"lmec[nmec]/I");
   t2.Branch("destep",&gstep.destep);
   t2.Branch("pid",&gstep.pid);

   //Initialize particle parameters at first point
   Float_t px,py,pz,p,charge=0;
   Float_t vout[7];
   Float_t mass  = 0.137;
   Bool_t newParticle = kTRUE;
   gstep.step    = 0.1;
   gstep.destep  = 0;
   gstep.nmec    = 0;
   gstep.pid     = 0;

   //transport particles
   for (Int_t i=0;i<10000;i++) {
      //generate a new particle if necessary
      if (newParticle) {
         px = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         py = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         pz = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         p  = TMath::Sqrt(px*px+py*py+pz*pz);
         charge = 1; if (gRandom->Rndm() < 0.5) charge = -1;
         gstep.pid    += 1;
         gstep.vect[0] = 0;
         gstep.vect[1] = 0;
         gstep.vect[2] = 0;
         gstep.vect[3] = px/p;
         gstep.vect[4] = py/p;
         gstep.vect[5] = pz/p;
         gstep.vect[6] = p*charge;
         gstep.getot   = TMath::Sqrt(p*p + mass*mass);
         gstep.gekin   = gstep.getot - mass;
         newParticle = kFALSE;
      }

      // fill the Tree with current step parameters
      t2.Fill();

      //transport particle in magnetic field
      helixStep(gstep.step, gstep.vect, vout); //make one step

      //apply energy loss
      gstep.destep = gstep.step*gRandom->Gaus(0.0002,0.00001);
      gstep.gekin -= gstep.destep;
      gstep.getot   = gstep.gekin + mass;
      gstep.vect[6] = charge*TMath::Sqrt(gstep.getot*gstep.getot - mass*mass);
      gstep.vect[0] = vout[0];
      gstep.vect[1] = vout[1];
      gstep.vect[2] = vout[2];
      gstep.vect[3] = vout[3];
      gstep.vect[4] = vout[4];
      gstep.vect[5] = vout[5];
      gstep.nmec    = (Int_t)(5*gRandom->Rndm());
      for (Int_t l=0;l<gstep.nmec;l++) gstep.lmec[l] = l;
      if (gstep.gekin < 0.001)            newParticle = kTRUE;
      if (TMath::Abs(gstep.vect[2]) > 30) newParticle = kTRUE;
   }

   //save the Tree header. The file will be automatically closed
   //when going out of the function scope
   t2.Write();
}

void tree2r()
{
   //read the Tree generated by tree2w and fill one histogram
   //we are only interested by the destep branch.

   //note that we use "new" to create the TFile and TTree objects !
   //because we want to keep these objects alive when we leave
   //this function.
   TFile *f = new TFile("tree2.root");
   TTree *t2 = (TTree*)f->Get("t2");
   static Float_t destep;
   TBranch *b_destep = t2->GetBranch("destep");
   b_destep->SetAddress(&destep);

   //create one histogram
   TH1F *hdestep   = new TH1F("hdestep","destep in Mev",100,1e-5,3e-5);

   //read only the destep branch for all entries
   Long64_t nentries = t2->GetEntries();
   for (Long64_t i=0;i<nentries;i++) {
      b_destep->GetEntry(i);
      hdestep->Fill(destep);
   }

   //we do not close the file.
   //We want to keep the generated histograms
   //We fill a 3-d scatter plot with the particle step coordinates
   TCanvas *c1 = new TCanvas("c1","c1",600,800);
   c1->SetFillColor(42);
   c1->Divide(1,2);
   c1->cd(1);
   hdestep->SetFillColor(45);
   hdestep->Fit("gaus");
   c1->cd(2);
   gPad->SetFillColor(37);
   t2->SetMarkerColor(kRed);
   t2->Draw("vect[0]:vect[1]:vect[2]");

   // Allow to use the TTree after the end of the function.
   t2->ResetBranchAddresses();
}

void tree2() {
   tree2w();
   tree2r();
}