@inproceedings{Coyle2017, title={KM3NeT-ORCA: oscillation research with cosmics in the abyss}, author={Coyle, Paschal and KM3NeT Collaboration and others}, booktitle={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume={888}, number={1}, pages={012024}, year={2017}, organization={IOP Publishing} } @article{Aiello2019, title={Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope to point-like neutrino sources}, author={Aiello, Sebastiano and Akrame, SE and Ameli, F and Anassontzis, EG and Andre, Michel and Androulakis, G and Anghinolfi, Marco and Anton, G and Ardid, Miguel and Aublin, Julien and others}, journal={Astroparticle Physics}, volume={111}, pages={100--110}, year={2019}, publisher={Elsevier} } @article{Adrian2016, title={Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0}, author={Adrian-Martinez, Silvia and Ageron, M and Aharonian, F and Aiello, S and Albert, A and Ameli, F and Anassontzis, E and Andre, M and Androulakis, G and Anghinolfi, M and others}, journal={Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics}, volume={43}, number={8}, pages={084001}, year={2016}, publisher={IOP Publishing} } @article{Lubsandorzhiev2006, title = "On the history of photomultiplier tube invention", journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", volume = "567", number = "1", pages = "236 - 238", year = "2006", note = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on New Developments in Photodetection", issn = "0168-9002", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.221", url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900206009260", author = "B.K. Lubsandorzhiev", keywords = "Photomultiplier, Photocathode, Dynode, Secondary electrons", abstract = "In this very short note we review some historical aspects of photomultiplier tube invention. It is our tribute to the memory of great Soviet-Russian physicist and engineer Leonid Aleksandrovitch Kubetsky whose life and scientific achievements are described briefly. Particular efforts are made to shed light on a controversial issue of who invented the first photomultiplier tube. It is asserted that if to recognize L.A. Kubetsky's priority on the photomultiplier tube invention the last Beaune Conference would be held on the eve of the 75th Anniversary of that great event." } @article{hamamatsu2006, title={Photomultiplier tube handbook}, author={Photonics, KK Hamamatsu}, journal={Electron Tube Division,}, year={2006} } @MastersThesis{Eeden2019, author = {Thijs Juan van Eeden}, title = {{Measuring the Angular Acceptance of the KM3NeT Digital Optical Module}}, school = {Technische Universiteit Delft}, address = {the Netherlands}, year = {2019}, } @article{Baudis2015, title={Measurements of the position-dependent photo-detection sensitivity of the Hamamatsu R11410 and R8520 photomultiplier tubes}, author={Baudis, L and D'Amato, S and Kessler, G and Kish, A and Wulf, J}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.04055}, year={2015} } @article{Herold2011, title = "PMT characterisation for the KM3NeT project", journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", volume = "639", number = "1", pages = "70 - 72", year = "2011", note = "Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors", issn = "0168-9002", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.018", url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210020115", author = "B. Herold and O. Kalekin and J. Reubelt", keywords = "High energy neutrino detection, Cherenkov light, Photomultiplier, KM3NeT", abstract = "The KM3NeT project aims to design and to construct at least a cubic kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The main task is to instrument this deep-sea water volume with optical modules, each housing one or several photomultiplier tubes. Three-, 8- and 10-in. PMTs from ET Enterprises, Hamamatsu and MELZ-FEU have been investigated as candidates for the telescope's optical modules. Various parameters of these photomultiplier tubes have been measured in a test bench at the Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics. These results are presented." } @article{photonics1994, title={Photomultiplier tubes, principles and applications}, author={Photonics, Philips}, journal={Philips Export BV}, year={1994} } @phdthesis{phdthesis, author = {Taillandier, Virgil}, year = {2013}, month = {10}, pages = {}, title = {High speed imaging detectors with diamond dynode materials} } @book{Wright2017, title={The photomultiplier handbook}, author={Wright, AG}, year={2017}, publisher={Oxford University Press} } @article{Knoll1979, title={Radiation detection and measurement(Book)}, author={Knoll, Glenn F}, journal={New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1979. 831 p}, year={1979} } @article{Shockley1938, author={W. {Shockley} and J. R. {Pierce}}, journal={Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers}, title={A Theory of Noise for Electron Multipliers}, year={1938}, volume={26}, number={3}, pages={321-332}, keywords={Electron multipliers;Frequency;Surface treatment;Fluctuations;Circuit noise;Telephony;Laboratories;Cities and towns;Electron emission;Fourier series}, doi={10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127}, ISSN={2162-6626}, month={March},} @article{Aiello2018, doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/p05035}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088\%2F1748-0221\%2F13\%2F05\%2Fp05035}, year = 2018, month = {may}, publisher = {{IOP} Publishing}, volume = {13}, number = {05}, pages = {P05035--P05035}, author = {S. Aiello and S.E. Akrame and F. Ameli and E. G. Anassontzis and M. Andre and G. Androulakis and M. Anghinolfi and G. Anton and M. Ardid and J. Aublin and T. Avgitas and M. Baars and C. Bagatelas and G. Barbarino and B. Baret and J. Barrios-Mart{\'{\i}} and A. Belias and E. Berbee and A. van den Berg and V. Bertin and S. Biagi and A. Biagioni and C. Biernoth and R. Bormuth and J. Boumaaza and S. Bourret and M. Bouwhuis and C. Bozza and H. Br{\^{a}}nza{\c{s}} and N. Briukhanova and R. Bruijn and J. Brunner and E. Buis and R. Buompane and J. Busto and D. Calvo and A. Capone and L. Caramete and S. Celli and M. Chabab and S. Cherubini and V. Chiarella and T. Chiarusi and M. Circella and R. Cocimano and J.A.B. Coelho and A. Coleiro and M. Colomer Molla and R. Coniglione and P. Coyle and A. Creusot and G. Cuttone and A. D\'Onofrio and R. Dallier and C. De Sio and I. Di Palma and A.F. D{\'{\i}}az and C. Distefano and A. Domi and R. Don{\`{a}} and C. Donzaud and D. Dornic and M. Dörr and M. Durocher and T. Eberl and D. van Eijk and I. El Bojaddaini and D. Elsaesser and A. Enzenhöfer and G. Ferrara and L.A. Fusco and T. Gal and F. Garufi and S. Gauchery and S. Gei{\ss}elsöder and L. Gialanella and E. Giorgio and A. Giuliante and S.R. Gozzini and R. Gracia Ruiz and K. Graf and D. Grasso and T. Gr{\'{e}}goire and G. Grella and S. Hallmann and H. van Haren and T. Heid and A. Heijboer and A. Hekalo and J.J. Hern{\'{a}}ndez-Rey and J. Hofestädt and G. Illuminati and C.W. James and M. Jongen and B. Jongewaard and M. de Jong and P. de Jong and M. Kadler and P. Kalaczy{\'{n}}ski and O. Kalekin and U.F. Katz and N.R. Khan Chowdhury and G. Kieft and D. Kie{\ss}ling and E.N. Koffeman and P. Kooijman and A. Kouchner and M. Kreter and V. Kulikovskiy and R. Lahmann and R. Le Breton and F. Leone and E. Leonora and G. Levi and M. Lincetto and A. Lonardo and F. Longhitano and M. Lotze and S. Loucatos and G. Maggi and J. Ma{\'{n}}czak and K. Mannheim and A. Margiotta and A. Marinelli and C. Markou and L. Martin and J.A. Mart{\'{\i}}nez-Mora and A. Martini and F. Marzaioli and R. Mele and K.W. Melis and P. Migliozzi and E. Migneco and P. Mijakowski and L. S. Miranda and C.M. Mollo and M. Morganti and M. Moser and A. Moussa and R. Muller and M. Musumeci and L. Nauta and S. Navas and C.A. Nicolau and C. Nielsen and M. Organokov and A. Orlando and V. Panagopoulos and G. Papalashvili and R. Papaleo and G.E. P{\u{a}}v{\u{a}}la{\c{s}} and G. Pellegrini and C. Pellegrino and J. P{\'{e}}rez Romero and M. Perrin-Terrin and P. Piattelli and K. Pikounis and O. Pisanti and C. Poir{\`{e}} and G. Polydefki and G.E. Poma and V. Popa and M. Post and T. Pradier and G. Pühlhofer and S. Pulvirenti and L. Quinn and F. Raffaelli and N. Randazzo and S. Razzaque and D. Real and L. Resvanis and J. Reubelt and G. Riccobene and M. Richer and A. Rovelli and I. Salvadori and D.F.E. Samtleben and A. S{\'{a}}nchez Losa and M. Sanguineti and A. Santangelo and P. Sapienza and B. Schermer and V. Sciacca and J. Seneca and I. Sgura and R. Shanidze and A. Sharma and F. Simeone and A. Sinopoulou and B. Spisso and M. Spurio and D. Stavropoulos and J. Steijger and S.M. Stellacci and B. Strandberg and D. Stransky and T. Stüven and M. Taiuti and F. Tatone and Y. Tayalati and E. Tenllado and T. Thakore and P. Timmer and A. Trovato and S. Tsagkli and E. Tzamariudaki and D. Tzanetatos and C. Valieri and B. Vallage and V. Van Elewyck and F. Versari and S. Viola and D. Vivolo and M. Volkert and L. de Waardt and J. Wilms and E. de Wolf and D. Zaborov and J.D. Zornoza and J. Z{\'{u}}{\~{n}}iga}, title = {Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the {KM}3NeT Neutrino Telescope}, journal = {Journal of Instrumentation}, abstract = {The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.} } @article{Bellamy1994, title = "Absolute calibration and monitoring of a spectrometric channel using a photomultiplier", journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", volume = "339", number = "3", pages = "468 - 476", year = "1994", issn = "0168-9002", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90183-X", url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029490183X", author = "E.H. Bellamy and G. Bellettini and J. Budagov and F. Cervelli and I. Chirikov-Zorin and M. Incagli and D. Lucchesi and C. Pagliarone and S. Tokar and F. Zetti", abstract = "A method for measuring the photomultiplier gain using a realistic photomultiplier response function is described. A precision of about 1% for the deconvoluted gain parameter can be achieved." } @article{Kissick2010, author = {Kissick, David J. and Muir, Ryan D. and Simpson, Garth J.}, title = {Statistical Treatment of Photon/Electron Counting: Extending the Linear Dynamic Range from the Dark Count Rate to Saturation}, journal = {Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {82}, number = {24}, pages = {10129-10134}, year = {2010}, doi = {10.1021/ac102219c}, note ={PMID: 21114249}, URL = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102219c}, eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102219c} } @article{Prescott1966, title = "A statistical model for photomultiplier single-electron statistics", journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods", volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "173 - 179", year = "1966", issn = "0029-554X", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(66)90059-0", url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029554X66900590", author = "J.R. Prescott", abstract = "A statistical model is proposed to describe secondary electron emission in photomultipliers, based on the Polya or “negative binomial” distribution, which contains the exponential and Poisson distributions as special cases. Computations of the single-electron spectra have been carried out for a variety of stage-gains. Limited comparisons with available experimental data confirm that the effective statistical distribution of secondary emission in photomultipliers is broader than Poissonian and an interpretation in terms of non-uniformity of the dynodes is discussed." } @article{Bromiley2003, title={Products and convolutions of Gaussian probability density functions}, author={Bromiley, Paul}, journal={Tina-Vision Memo}, volume={3}, number={4}, pages={1}, year={2003} } @article{Degtiarenko2017, title={Precision analysis of the photomultiplier response to ultra low signals}, volume={872}, ISSN={0168-9002}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.053}, DOI={10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.053}, journal={Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Degtiarenko, Pavel}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={1–15} } @article{Hoermann1990, title={The ACR method for generating normal random variables}, author={Hoermann, W and Derflinger, G}, journal={Operations-Research-Spektrum}, volume={12}, number={3}, pages={181--185}, year={1990}, publisher={Springer} } @article{Reubelt2018, title={Hardware studies, in-situ prototype calibration and data analysis of the novel multi-PMT digital optical module for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope}, author={Reubelt, Jonas}, year={2018} } @misc{Deepak2020, author = "Gajanana, Deepak", date = "2020", howpublished = "private communication" } @misc{Hofestaedt2017, author={Hofestaedt, Jannik}, date={2017-11-26}, url={https://elog.km3net.de/Analysis/220}, howpublished="KM3NeT Analysis ELOG, message ID 220" } @misc{Jung2020, author={Jung, Bouke}, date={2020-06-29}, url={https://elog.km3net.de/Computing+and+Software/444}, howpublished="KM3NeT Computing and Software ELOG, message ID 444" }