This is info-stnd.info, produced by texi2any version 6.0 from
info-stnd.texi.
This manual is for Stand-alone GNU Info (version 6.0, 11 May 2015), a
program for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from
Texinfo source files).
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License" in the Texinfo manual.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom."
This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* info stand-alone: (info-stnd). Read Info documents without Emacs.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Top, Next: Stand-alone Info, Up: (dir)
Stand-alone GNU Info
********************
If you do not know how to use Info, but have a working Info reader, you
should read the Info manual before this one (*note (info)Top::), as it
includes more background information and a thorough tutorial.
This documentation describes the stand-alone Info reader that is part
of the Texinfo distribution, not the Info reader that is part of GNU
Emacs.
* Menu:
* Stand-alone Info:: What is Info?
* Invoking Info:: Options you can pass on the command line.
* Cursor Commands:: Commands which move the cursor within a node.
* Scrolling Commands:: Commands for reading the text within a node.
* Node Commands:: Commands for selecting a new node.
* Searching Commands:: Commands for searching an Info file.
* Xref Commands:: Commands for selecting cross references.
* Window Commands:: Commands which manipulate multiple windows.
* Printing Nodes:: How to print out the contents of a node.
* Miscellaneous Commands:: A few commands that defy categorization.
* Variables:: How to change the default behavior of Info.
* Custom Key Bindings:: How to define your own key-to-command bindings.
* Index:: Global index.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Stand-alone Info, Next: Invoking Info, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Stand-alone Info
******************
The "Info" program described here is a stand-alone program, part of the
Texinfo distribution, which is used to view Info files on an ASCII
terminal. "Info files" are typically the result of processing Texinfo
files with the program 'makeinfo' (also in the Texinfo distribution).
Texinfo itself (*note (texinfo)Top::) is a documentation system that
uses a single source file to produce both on-line information and
printed output. You can typeset and print the files that you read in
Info.
GNU Emacs also provides an Info reader (just type 'M-x info' in
Emacs). Emacs Info and stand-alone Info have nearly identical user
interfaces, although customization and other details are different (this
manual explains the stand-alone Info reader). The Emacs Info reader
supports the X Window System and other such bitmapped interfaces, not
just plain ASCII, so if you want a prettier display for Info files, you
should try it. You can use Emacs Info without using Emacs for anything
else. (Type 'C-x C-c' to exit; this also works in the stand-alone Info
reader.)
Please report bugs in this stand-alone Info program to
<bug-texinfo@gnu.org>. Bugs in the Emacs Info reader should be sent to
<bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org>.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Invoking Info, Next: Cursor Commands, Prev: Stand-alone Info, Up: Top
2 Invoking Info
***************
GNU Info accepts several options to control the initial node or nodes
being viewed, and to specify which directories to search for Info files.
Here is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell:
info [OPTION...] [MANUAL] [MENU-OR-INDEX-ITEM...]
Info will look for an entry called MANUAL in the directory files,
which are named 'dir', that it finds in its search path. The search is
case-insensitive and considers substrings. (If MANUAL is not given, by
default Info displays a composite directory listing, constructed by
combining the 'dir' files.) A basic example:
info coreutils
This looks for an entry labelled 'coreutils', or 'Coreutils', etc.,
and if found, displays the referenced file (e.g., 'coreutils.info') at
the location given. 'info coreu' will find it too, if there is no
better match.
Another example:
info ls
Assuming the normal 'dir' entry for 'ls', this will show the 'ls'
documentation, which happens to be within the 'coreutils' manual rather
than a separate manual. The 'dir' entries can point to an any node
within a manual, so that users don't have to be concerned with the exact
structure used by different authors.
If no entry is found in the directories, Info looks for files in its
search path with names based on MANUAL. If MANUAL is not found, Info
looks for it with a number of known extensions of Info files, namely
'.info', '-info', '/index', and '.inf'. For every known extension, if a
regular file is not found, Info looks for a compressed file. Info
supports files compressed with 'gzip', 'xz', 'bzip2', 'lzip', 'lzma',
'compress' and 'yabba' programs, assumed to have extensions '.z', '.gz',
'.xz', '.bz2', '.lz', '.lzma', '.Z', and '.Y' respectively.(1)
You can specify the name of a node to visit with the '--node' or '-n'
option. Alternatively, you can specify the file and node together using
the same format that occurs in Info cross-references. These two
examples both load the 'Files' node within the 'emacs' manual:
info emacs -n Files
info '(emacs)Files'
If you want to load a file without looking in the search path,
specify MANUAL either as an absolute path, or as a path relative to the
current directory which contains at least one slash character. (You can
also use the '--file' option for similar behavior, described below.)
Examples:
info /usr/local/share/info/bash.info
info ./document.info
Info looks for MANUAL only in the explicitly specified directory, and
adds that directory to its search path.
Info treats any remaining arguments as the names of menu items, or
(see below) index entries. The first argument is a menu item in the
'Top' node of the file loaded, the second argument is a menu item in the
first argument's node, etc. You can move to the node of your choice by
specifying the menu names which describe the path to that node. For
example,
info emacs buffers
info texinfo Overview 'Using Texinfo'
The first example selects the menu item 'Buffers' in the node
'(emacs)Top'. The second example loads the 'texinfo' file and looks in
its top-level menu for a 'Overview' item, looks in the menu of the node
referenced, and finally displays the node referenced by the 'Using
Texinfo' item.
If there was only one MENU-ITEM argument and it wasn't found as a
menu item, Info looks for it as an index entry. For example:
info libc printf
This loads the libc Info manual and first looks for 'printf' in the
top-level menu as usual; since it isn't there (at this writing), it then
looks in the indices. If it's found there (which it is), displays the
relevant node at the given location.
A complete list of options follows.
'--all'
'-a'
Find all files matching MANUAL. Three usage patterns are
supported, as follows.
First, if '--all' is used together with '--where', 'info' prints
the names of all matching files found on standard output (including
'*manpages*' if relevant) and exits.
Second, if '--all' is used together with '--output', the contents
of all matched files are dumped to the specified output file.
Otherwise, an interactive session is initiated. If more than one
file matches, a menu node is displayed listing the matches and
allowing you to select one. This menu node can be brought back at
any time by pressing 'C-x f'. If there is only one match, 'info'
starts as usual.
The '--index-search' and '--node' options cannot be used together
with this option.
'--apropos=STRING'
'-k STRING'
Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file
installed on your system. Info looks up the named STRING in all
the indices it can find, prints the results to standard output, and
then exits. If you are not sure which Info file explains certain
issues, this option is your friend. (If your system has a lot of
Info files installed, searching all of them might take some time!)
You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see *note
Searching Commands::.
'--debug=NUMBER'
'-x NUMBER'
Print additional debugging information. The argument specifies the
verbosity level, so a higher level includes all the information
from lower levels. For all available debugging output, use
'-x -1'. Info version 6.0 has these levels:
'1'
Print information about file handling, such as looking for
'dir' files and nodes written with '--output'.
'2'
Print operations relating to 'INFOPATH'.
'3'
Print information about node searching.
Before Info's full-screen output is initialized, debugging output
goes to standard error. After it is initialized, the debugging
output is written to the file 'infodebug' in the current working
directory.
'--directory DIRECTORY-PATH'
'-d DIRECTORY-PATH'
Add DIRECTORY-PATH to the list of directory paths searched when
Info needs to find a file. You may issue '--directory' multiple
times; once for each directory which contains Info files, or with a
list of such directories separated by a colon (or semicolon on
MS-DOS/MS-Windows).
Directories specified in the environment variable 'INFOPATH' are
added to the directories specified with '--directory', if any. The
value of 'INFOPATH' is a list of directories usually separated by a
colon; on MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, the semicolon is used. If the
value of 'INFOPATH' ends with a colon (or semicolon on
MS-DOS/MS-Windows), the initial list of directories is constructed
by appending the build-time default to the value of 'INFOPATH'.
If you do not define 'INFOPATH', Info uses a default path defined
when Info was built as the initial list of directories.
Regardless of whether 'INFOPATH' is defined, the default
documentation directory defined when Info was built is added to the
search path. If you do not want this directory to be included, set
the 'infopath-no-defaults' variable to 'On' (*note
infopath-no-defaults::).
If the list of directories contains the element 'PATH', that
element is replaced by a list of directories derived from the value
of the environment variable 'PATH'. Each path element of the form
DIR/BASE is replaced by DIR'/share/info' or DIR'/info', provided
that directory exists.
'--dribble=FILE'
Specify a file where all user keystrokes will be recorded. This
file can be used later to replay the same sequence of commands, see
the '--restore' option below.
'--file MANUAL'
'-f MANUAL'
Specify a particular manual to visit without looking its name up in
any 'dir' files.
With this option, it starts by trying to visit '(MANUAL)Top', i.e.,
the 'Top' node in (typically) 'MANUAL.info'. As above, it tries
various file extensions to find the file. If no such file (or
node) can be found, Info exits without doing anything. As with the
'dir' lookup described above, any extra MENU-ITEM arguments are
used to locate a node within the loaded file.
If MANUAL is an absolute file name, or begins with './' or '../',
or contains an intermediate directory, Info will only look for the
file in the directory specified, and add this directory to
'INFOPATH'. (This is the same as what happens when '--file' is not
given.)
'--help'
'-h'
Output a brief description of the available Info command-line
options.
'--index-search STRING'
After processing all command-line arguments, go to the index in the
selected Info file and search for index entries which match STRING.
If such an entry is found, the Info session begins with displaying
the node pointed to by the first matching index entry; press ',' to
step through the rest of the matching entries. If no such entry
exists, print 'no entries found' and exit with nonzero status.
This can be used from another program as a way to provide online
help, or as a quick way of starting to read an Info file at a
certain node when you don't know the exact name of that node.
This command can also be invoked from inside Info; *note Searching
Commands::.
'--init-file INIT-FILE'
Read key bindings and variable settings from INIT-FILE instead of
the '.infokey' file in your home directory. *Note Custom Key
Bindings::.
'--node NODENAME'
'-n NODENAME'
Specify a particular node to visit in the initial file that Info
loads. You may specify '--node' multiple times: for an interactive
Info, each NODENAME is visited in its own window; for a
non-interactive Info (such as when '--output' is given) each
NODENAME is processed sequentially.
You can specify both the file and node to the '--node' option using
the usual Info syntax, but don't forget to escape the open and
close parentheses and whitespace from the shell; for example:
info --node "(emacs)Buffers"
'--output FILE'
'-o FILE'
Direct output to FILE. Each node that Info visits will be output
to FILE instead of interactively viewed. A value of '-' for FILE
means standard output.
'--no-raw-escapes'
'--raw-escapes, -R'
By default, Info passes SGR terminal control sequences (also known
as ANSI escape sequences) found in documents directly through to
the terminal. If you use the '--no-raw-escapes' options, these
sequences are displayed as other control characters are; for
example, an 'ESC' byte is displayed as '^['. The '--raw-escapes'
and '-R' options do not do anything, but are included for
completeness.
Some versions of Groff (*note (groff)Top::) produce man pages with
ANSI escape sequences for bold, italics, and underlined characters,
and for colorized text. If your 'man' command uses a version of
Groff that does this (original GNU Groff does), and your terminal
supports these sequences, Info will display any bold or underlined
text in man pages. Some distributions have modified Groff to
require setting the 'GROFF_SGR' environment variable to get these
sequences. *Note (groff)Invoking grotty::.
'--restore=DRIBBLE-FILE'
Read keystrokes from DRIBBLE-FILE, presumably recorded during
previous Info session (see the description of the '--dribble'
option above). When the keystrokes in the files are all read, Info
reverts its input to the usual interactive operation.
'--show-malformed-multibytes'
'--no-show-malformed-multibytes'
Show malformed multibyte sequences in the output. By default, such
sequences are dropped.
'--show-options'
'--usage'
'-O'
Tell Info to look for the node that describes how to invoke the
program and its command-line options, and begin the session by
displaying that node. It is provided to make it easier to find the
most important usage information in a manual without navigating
through menu hierarchies. The effect is similar to the 'M-x
goto-invocation' command (*note goto-invocation::) from inside
Info.
'--speech-friendly'
'-b'
On MS-DOS/MS-Windows only, this option causes Info to use standard
file I/O functions for screen writes. (By default, Info uses
direct writes to the video memory on these systems, for faster
operation and colored display support.) This allows the speech
synthesizers used by blind persons to catch the output and convert
it to audible speech.
'--strict-node-location'
This option causes Info not to search "nearby" to locate nodes, and
instead strictly use the information provided in the Info file.
The practical use for this option is for debugging programs that
write Info files, to check that they are outputting the correct
locations. Due to bugs and malfeasances in the various Info
writing programs over the years and versions, it is not advisable
to ever use this option when just trying to read documentation.
'--subnodes'
This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with
'--output'. It means to recursively output the nodes appearing in
the menus of each node being output. Menu items which resolve to
external Info files are not output, and neither are menu items
which are members of an index. Each node is only output once.
'-v NAME=VALUE'
'--variable=NAME=VALUE'
Set the 'info' variable NAME to VALUE. *Note Variables::.
'--version'
Prints the version information of Info and exits.
'--vi-keys'
This option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key
bindings of 'vi' and Less. The default key bindings are generally
modeled after Emacs. (*Note Custom Key Bindings::, for a more
general way of altering GNU Info's key bindings.)
'--where'
'--location'
'-w'
Show the filename that would be read and exit, instead of actually
reading it and starting Info.
Finally, Info defines many default key bindings and variables. *Note
Custom Key Bindings::, for information on how to customize these
settings.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) On MS-DOS, Info allows for the Info extension, such as '.inf',
and the short compressed file extensions, such as '.z' and '.gz', to be
merged into a single extension, since DOS doesn't allow more than a
single dot in the basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks
for 'bison', file names like 'bison.igz' and 'bison.inz' will be found
and decompressed by 'gunzip'.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Cursor Commands, Next: Scrolling Commands, Prev: Invoking Info, Up: Top
3 Moving the Cursor
*******************
Many people find that reading screens of text page by page is made
easier when one is able to indicate particular pieces of text with some
kind of pointing device. Since this is the case, GNU Info (both the
Emacs and stand-alone versions) have several commands which allow you to
move the cursor about the screen. The notation used in this manual to
describe keystrokes is identical to the notation used within the Emacs
manual, and the GNU Readline manual. *Note (emacs)User Input::, if you
are unfamiliar with the notation.(1)
The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info.
Each entry consists of the key sequence you should type to execute the
cursor movement, the 'M-x'(2) command name (displayed in parentheses),
and a short description of what the command does. All of the cursor
motion commands can take a "numeric" argument (see *note
'universal-argument': Miscellaneous Commands. With a numeric argument,
the motion commands are simply executed that many times; for example, a
numeric argument of 4 given to 'next-line' causes the cursor to move
down 4 lines. With a negative numeric argument, the motion is reversed;
an argument of -4 given to the 'next-line' command would cause the
cursor to move _up_ 4 lines.
'C-n' ('next-line')
<DOWN> (an arrow key)
Move the cursor down to the next line.
'C-p' ('prev-line')
<UP> (an arrow key)
Move the cursor up to the previous line.
'C-a' ('beginning-of-line')
<Home> (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor to the start of the current line.
'C-e' ('end-of-line')
<End> (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor to the end of the current line.
'C-f' ('forward-char')
<RIGHT> (an arrow key)
Move the cursor forward a character.
'C-b' ('backward-char')
<LEFT> (an arrow key)
Move the cursor backward a character.
'M-f' ('forward-word')
'C-<RIGHT>' (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor forward a word.
'M-b' ('backward-word')
'C-<LEFT>' (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor backward a word.
'M-<' ('beginning-of-node')
'C-<Home>' (on DOS/Windows only)
'b'
'M-b', vi-like operation
Move the cursor to the start of the current node.
'M->' ('end-of-node')
'C-<End>' (on DOS/Windows only)
'e'
Move the cursor to the end of the current node.
'M-r' ('move-to-window-line')
Move the cursor to a specific line of the window. Without a
numeric argument, 'M-r' moves the cursor to the start of the line
in the center of the window. With a numeric argument of N, 'M-r'
moves the cursor to the start of the Nth line in the window.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Here's a short summary. 'C-X' means press the 'CTRL' key and the
key X. 'M-X' means press the 'META' key and the key X. On many
terminals the 'META' key is known as the 'ALT' key. 'SPC' is the space
bar. The other keys are usually called by the names imprinted on them.
(2) 'M-x' is also a command; it invokes 'execute-extended-command',
letting you run a command by name. *Note Executing an extended command:
(emacs)M-x, for more detailed information.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Scrolling Commands, Next: Node Commands, Prev: Cursor Commands, Up: Top
4 Moving Text Within a Window
*****************************
Sometimes you are looking at a screenful of text, and only part of the
current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen. The
commands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the
current node is visible on the screen.
Scrolling commands are bound differently when '--vi-keys' operation
is in effect (*note --vi-keys::). These key bindings are designated
with "vi-like operation". *Note Custom Key Bindings::, for information
on arbitrarily customizing key bindings and variable settings.
<SPC> ('scroll-forward')
<NEXT>
Shift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node
which is currently below the bottom of the window. With a numeric
argument, show that many more lines at the bottom of the window; a
numeric argument of 4 would shift all of the text in the window up
4 lines (discarding the top 4 lines), and show you four new lines
at the bottom of the window. Without a numeric argument, <SPC>
takes the bottom two lines of the window and places them at the top
of the window, redisplaying almost a completely new screenful of
lines. If you are at the end of a node, <SPC> takes you to the
"next" node, so that you can read an entire manual from start to
finish by repeating <SPC>.
The default scroll size is one screenful, but it can be changed by
invoking the ('scroll-forward-page-only-set-window') command, 'z'
under '--vi-keys', with a numeric argument.
The <NEXT> key is known as the <PageDown> key on some keyboards.
'C-v' ('scroll-forward-page-only')
'C-f', vi-like operation
'f', vi-like operation
'M-SPC', vi-like operation
Shift the text in this window up. This is identical to the <SPC>
operation above, except that it never scrolls beyond the end of the
current node.
'z' ('scroll-forward-page-only-set-window', vi-like operation)
Scroll forward, like with 'C-v', but if a numeric argument is
specified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent
'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands and their ilk.
<DEL> ('scroll-backward')
<PREVIOUS>
Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of
'scroll-forward'. If you are at the start of a node, <DEL> takes
you to the "previous" node, so that you can read an entire manual
from finish to start by repeating <DEL>. The default scroll size
can be changed by invoking the
('scroll-backward-page-only-set-window') command, 'w' under
'--vi-keys', with a numeric argument.
If your keyboard lacks the <DEL> key, look for a key called <BS>,
or 'Backspace', sometimes designated with an arrow which points to
the left, which should perform the same function.
The <PREVIOUS> key is the <PageUp> key on many keyboards. Emacs
refers to it by the name <PRIOR>.
'M-v' ('scroll-backward-page-only')
'b', vi-like operation
'C-b', vi-like operation
Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of
'scroll-forward-page-only'. Does not scroll beyond the start of
the current node. The default scroll size can be changed by
invoking the 'scroll-backward-page-only-set-window' command, 'w'
under '--vi-keys', with a numeric argument.
'w' ('scroll-backward-page-only-set-window', vi-like operation)
Scroll backward, like with 'M-v', but if a numeric argument is
specified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent
'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands.
'C-n' ('down-line', vi-like operation)
'C-e', vi-like operation
<RET>, vi-like operation
<LFD>, vi-like operation
<DOWN>, vi-like operation
Scroll forward by one line. With a numeric argument, scroll
forward that many lines.
'C-p' ('up-line', vi-like operation)
<UP>, vi-like operation
'y', vi-like operation
'k', vi-like operation
'C-k', vi-like operation
'C-y', vi-like operation
Scroll backward one line. With a numeric argument, scroll backward
that many lines.
'd' ('scroll-half-screen-down', vi-like operation)
'C-d', vi-like operation
Scroll forward by half of the screen size. With a numeric
argument, scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it
becomes the new default number of lines to scroll for subsequent
'd' and 'u' commands.
'u' ('scroll-half-screen-up', vi-like operation)
'C-u', vi-like operation
Scroll back by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument,
scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes
the new default number of lines to scroll for subsequent 'u' and
'd' commands.
The 'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands can also move
forward and backward through the node structure of the file. If you
press <SPC> while viewing the end of a node, or <DEL> while viewing the
beginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the variable
'scroll-behavior' (*note scroll-behavior::).
The 'scroll-forward-page-only' and 'scroll-backward-page-only'
commands never scroll beyond the current node.
'C-l' ('redraw-display')
Redraw the display from scratch, or shift the line containing the
cursor to a specified location. With no numeric argument, 'C-l'
clears the screen, and then redraws its entire contents. Given a
numeric argument of N, the line containing the cursor is shifted so
that it is on the Nth line of the window.
'C-x w' ('toggle-wrap')
Toggles the state of line wrapping in the current window.
Normally, lines which are longer than the screen width "wrap",
i.e., they are continued on the next line. Lines which wrap have a
'\' appearing in the rightmost column of the screen. You can cause
such lines to be terminated at the rightmost column by changing the
state of line wrapping in the window with 'C-x w'. When a line
which needs more space than one screen width to display is
displayed, a '$' appears in the rightmost column of the screen, and
the remainder of the line is invisible. When long lines are
truncated, the mode line displays the '$' character near its left
edge.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Node Commands, Next: Searching Commands, Prev: Scrolling Commands, Up: Top
5 Selecting a Node
******************
This section details the numerous Info commands which select a new node
to view in the current window.
The most basic node commands are 'n', 'p', 'u', and 'l'. Note that
the commands to select nodes are mapped differently when '--vi-keys' is
in effect; these keybindings are designated below as "vi-like
operation".
When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some
Info "pointers" which describe where the next, previous, and up nodes
are. Info uses this line to move about the node structure of the file
when you use the following commands:
'n' ('next-node')
'C-<NEXT>' (on DOS/Windows only)
'C-x n', vi-like operation
Select the 'Next' node.
The <NEXT> key is known as the <PgDn> key on some keyboards.
'p' ('prev-node')
'C-<PREVIOUS>' (on DOS/Windows only)
Select the 'Prev' node.
The <PREVIOUS> key is known as the <PgUp> key on some keyboards.
'u' ('up-node')
'C-<UP>' (an arrow key on DOS/Windows only)
'C-x u', vi-like operation
Select the 'Up' node.
You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this
window by using the 'l' command--this name stands for "last", and
actually moves backwards through the history of visited nodes for this
window. This is handy when you followed a reference to another node,
possibly to read about a related issue, and would like then to resume
reading at the same place where you started the excursion.
Each node where you press 'l' is discarded from the history. Thus,
by the time you get to the first node you visited in a window, the
entire history of that window is discarded.
'l' ('history-node')
'C-<CENTER>' (on DOS/Windows only)
''', vi-like operation
Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node
history.
Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly
selected nodes; they are 't' and 'd'.
't' ('top-node')
'M-t', vi-like operation
Select the node 'Top' in the current Info file.
'd' ('dir-node')
'M-d', vi-like operation
Select the directory node (i.e., the node '(dir)').
Here are some other commands which immediately result in the
selection of a different node in the current window:
'<' ('first-node')
'g', vi-like operation
Selects the first node which appears in this file. This node is
most often 'Top', but it does not have to be. With a numeric
argument N, select the Nth node (the first node is node 1). An
argument of zero is the same as the argument of 1.
'>' ('last-node')
'G', vi-like operation
Select the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric
argument N, select the Nth node (the first node is node 1). An
argument of zero is the same as no argument, i.e., it selects the
last node.
']' ('global-next-node')
Move forward or down through node structure. If the node that you
are currently viewing has a 'Next' pointer, that node is selected.
Otherwise, if this node has a menu, the first menu item is
selected. If there is no 'Next' and no menu, the same process is
tried with the 'Up' node of this node.
'[' ('global-prev-node')
Move backward or up through node structure. If the node that you
are currently viewing has a 'Prev' pointer, that node is selected.
Otherwise, if the node has an 'Up' pointer, that node is selected,
and if it has a menu, the last item in the menu is selected.
You can get the same behavior as 'global-next-node' and
'global-prev-node' while simply scrolling through the file with <SPC>
and <DEL> (*note scroll-behavior::).
'g' ('goto-node')
'C-x g', vi-like operation
Read the name of a node and select it. While reading the node
name, completion (*note completion: The Echo Area.) is only done
for the nodes which reside in one of the Info files that were
loaded in the current Info session; if the desired node resides in
some other file, you must type the node exactly as it appears in
that Info file, and you must include the Info file of the other
file. For example,
g(emacs)Buffers
finds the node 'Buffers' in the Info file 'emacs'.
'O' ('goto-invocation')
'I', vi-like operation
Read the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info
file which describes the invocation and the command-line options
for that program. The default program name is derived from the
name of the current Info file. This command does the same as the
'--show-options' command-line option (*note --show-options::), but
it also allows to specify the program name; this is important for
those manuals which describe several programs.
If you need to find the Invocation node of a program that is
documented in another Info file, you need to visit that file before
invoking 'I'. For example, if you are reading the Emacs manual and
want to see the command-line options of the 'makeinfo' program,
type 'g (texinfo) <RET>' and then 'I makeinfo <RET>'. If you don't
know what Info file documents the command, or if invoking 'I'
doesn't display the right node, go to the '(dir)' node (using the
'd' command) and invoke 'I' from there.
'G' ('menu-sequence')
Read a sequence of menu entries and follow it. Info prompts for a
sequence of menu items separated by commas. (Since commas are not
allowed in a node name, they are a natural choice for a delimiter
in a list of menu items.) Info then looks up the first item in the
menu of the node '(dir)' (if the '(dir)' node cannot be found, Info
uses 'Top'). If such an entry is found, Info goes to the node it
points to and looks up the second item in the menu of that node,
etc. In other words, you can specify a complete path which
descends through the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file
starting at the '(dir)' node. This has the same effect as if you
typed the menu item sequence on Info's command line, see *note Info
command-line arguments processing: command-line menu items. For
example,
G Texinfo,Overview,Reporting Bugs <RET>
displays the node 'Reporting Bugs' in the Texinfo manual. (You
don't actually need to type the menu items in their full length, or
in their exact letter-case. However, if you do type the menu items
exactly, Info will find it faster.)
If any of the menu items you type are not found, Info stops at the
last entry it did find and reports an error.
'C-x C-f' ('view-file')
Read the name of a file and selects the entire file. The command
C-x C-f FILENAME
is equivalent to typing
g(FILENAME)*
'C-x C-b' ('list-visited-nodes')
Make a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited
nodes. This window becomes the selected window, and you may use
the standard Info commands within it.
'C-x b' ('select-visited-node')
Select a node which has been previously visited in a visible
window. This is similar to 'C-x C-b' followed by 'm', but no
window is created.
'M-x man'
Read the name of a man page to load and display. This uses the
'man' command on your system to retrieve the contents of the
requested man page. See also *note --raw-escapes::.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Searching Commands, Next: Xref Commands, Prev: Node Commands, Up: Top
6 Searching an Info File
************************
GNU Info allows you to search for a sequence of characters throughout an
entire Info file, search through the indices of an Info file, or find
areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic.
's' ('search')
'/'
Read a string in the echo area and search for it, either as a
regular expression (by default) or a literal string. If the string
includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched
case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a
numeric argument of N, search for Nth occurrence of the string.
Negative arguments search backwards.
Normally, the search pattern should not be shorter than some
predefined limit. By default, this limit is set to 1 character.
*Note min-search-length::, for more information on this.
'M-x search-backward'
'?', vi-like operation
Read a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info
file for that string. If the string includes upper-case
characters, the Info file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise
Info ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of N, search
for Nth occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search
forward.
If you do not have a convenient key sequence bound to this command,
an alternative is to first perform a forward search, and then use
the 'search-previous' command, described below.
'R' ('toggle-regexp')
Toggle between using regular expressions and literal strings for
searching. Info uses so-called 'extended' regular expression
syntax (*note (grep)Regular Expressions::).
'S' ('search-case-sensitively'
Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively,
even if the string includes only lower-case letters. With a
numeric argument of N, search for Nth occurrence of the string.
Negative arguments search backwards.
'C-x n' ('search-next')
'}'
'n', vi-like operation
Search for the same string used in the last search command, in the
same direction, and with the same case-sensitivity option. With a
numeric argument of N, search for Nth next occurrence.
By default, the search starts at the position immediately following
the cursor. However, if the variable 'search-skip-screen' (*note
'search-skip-screen': Variables.) is set, it starts at the
beginning of the next page, thereby skipping all visibly displayed
lines (but not any further lines in the current node).
'C-x N' ('search-previous')
'{'
'N', vi-like operation
Search for the same string used in the last search command, and
with the same case-sensitivity option, but in the reverse
direction. With a numeric argument of N, search for the Nth
previous occurrence.
By default, the search starts at the position immediately preceding
the cursor, but skips visible lines if the variable
'search-skip-screen' is set, as with '}' (see preceding item).
'C-s' ('isearch-forward')
Interactively search forward through the Info file for a string as
you type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the
search is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case.
'C-r' ('isearch-backward')
Interactively search backward through the Info file for a string as
you type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the
search is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case.
'i' ('index-search')
Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a
node to which the found index entry points. If you press <RET>
without giving a string, Info takes you to an index node in the
file.
'I' ('virtual-index')
Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and show all
the matches in a new virtual node, synthesized on the fly.
',' ('next-index-match')
Move to the node containing the next matching index item from the
last 'i' command.
'M-x index-apropos'
Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a
string, and build a menu of the possible matches.
The most basic searching command is 's' or '/' ('search'). The 's'
command prompts you for a string in the echo area, and then searches the
remainder of the Info file for an occurrence of that string. If the
string is found, the node containing it is selected, and the cursor is
left positioned at the start of the found string. Subsequent 's'
commands show you the default search string within '[' and ']'; pressing
<RET> instead of typing a new string will use the default search string.
Using the '}' or '{' commands (or the 'n' or 'N' commands under
'--vi-keys'; *note --vi-keys::), is a faster way of searching for the
same string.
If the 'highlight-searches' variable is set, matches from search
commands will be highlighted. *Note 'highlight-searches': Variables.
Use the 'M-x clear-search' command to clear any search highlights.
"Incremental searching" is similar to basic searching, but the string
is looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until the
entire search string has been specified.
Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the
case of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search
string. However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the
search case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental
search, even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by
using the 'S' command ('search-case-sensitively'). The 'n' and 'N'
commands operate case-sensitively if the last search command was 'S'.
The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is
the 'i' command ('index-search'). This command prompts for a string,
and then looks for that string in all the indices of the current Info
manual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays the node to
which that entry refers and prints the full text of the entry in the
echo area. You can press ',' ('next-index-match') to find more matches.
A good Info manual has all of its important concepts indexed, so the 'i'
command lets you use a manual as a reference.
If you don't know what manual documents something, try the 'M-x
index-apropos' command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that
string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your
system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see *note
--apropos::.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Xref Commands, Next: Window Commands, Prev: Searching Commands, Up: Top
7 Selecting Cross References
****************************
We have already discussed the 'Next', 'Prev', and 'Up' pointers which
appear at the top of a node. In addition to these pointers, a node may
contain other pointers which refer you to a different node, perhaps in
another Info file. Such pointers are called "cross references", or
"xrefs" for short.
* Menu:
* Parts of an Xref:: What a cross reference is made of.
* Selecting Xrefs:: Commands for selecting menu or note items.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Parts of an Xref, Next: Selecting Xrefs, Up: Xref Commands
7.1 Parts of an Xref
====================
Cross references have two major parts: the first part is called the
"label"; it is the name that you can use to refer to the cross
reference, and the second is the "target"; it is the full name of the
node that the cross reference points to.
The target is separated from the label by a colon ':'; first the
label appears, and then the target. For example, in the sample menu
cross reference below, the single colon separates the label from the
target.
* Foo Label: Foo Target. More information about Foo.
Note the '.' which ends the name of the target. The '.' is not part
of the target; it serves only to let Info know where the target name
ends.
A shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons
to stand for a target name which is the same as the label name:
* Foo Commands:: Commands pertaining to Foo.
In the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name
of the label, in this case 'Foo Commands'.
You will normally see two types of cross reference while viewing
nodes: "menu" references, and "note" references. Menu references appear
within a node's menu; they begin with a '*' at the beginning of a line,
and continue with a label, a target, and a comment which describes what
the contents of the node pointed to contains.
Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin
with '*Note', and continue with a label and a target.
Like 'Next', 'Prev', and 'Up' pointers, cross references can point to
any valid node. They are used to refer you to a place where more
detailed information can be found on a particular subject. Here is a
cross reference which points to a node within the Texinfo documentation:
*Note Writing an Xref: (texinfo)xref, for more information on creating
your own texinfo cross references.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Selecting Xrefs, Prev: Parts of an Xref, Up: Xref Commands
7.2 Selecting Xrefs
===================
The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items.
'1' ('menu-digit')
'2' ... '9'
'M-1', vi-like operation
'M-2' ... 'M-9', vi-like operation
Within an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as '1'),
selects that menu item, and places its node in the current window.
For convenience, there is one exception; pressing '0' selects the
_last_ item in the node's menu. When '--vi-keys' is in effect,
digits set the numeric argument, so these commands are remapped to
their 'M-' varieties. For example, to select the last menu item,
press 'M-0'.
'0' ('last-menu-item')
'M-0', vi-like operation
Select the last item in the current node's menu.
'm' ('menu-item')
Reads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its
node. Completion is available while reading the menu label. *Note
completion: The Echo Area.
'M-x find-menu'
Move the cursor to the start of this node's menu.
This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross references.
'f' ('xref-item')
'r'
'M-f', vi-like operation
'C-x r', vi-like operation
Reads the name of a note cross reference in the echo area and
selects its node. Completion is available while reading the cross
reference label. *Note completion: The Echo Area.
Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references
alike:
<TAB> ('move-to-next-xref')
Move the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note
reference in this node. You can then use <RET>
('select-reference-this-line') to select the menu or note
reference.
'M-TAB' ('move-to-prev-xref')
'BackTab'
'Shift-<TAB>' (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note
reference in this node.
The 'BackTab' key can be produced on some terminals with
'Shift-<TAB>'.
<RET> ('select-reference-this-line')
'M-g', vi-like operation
Select the menu item or note reference appearing on this line.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Window Commands, Next: Printing Nodes, Prev: Xref Commands, Up: Top
8 Manipulating Multiple Windows
*******************************
A "window" is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a view
area where the text of the node is displayed, and an associated "mode
line", which briefly describes the node being viewed.
GNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each
window is separated from the next by its mode line. At any time, there
is only one "active" window, that is, the window in which the cursor
appears. There are commands available for creating windows, changing
the size of windows, selecting which window is active, and for deleting
windows.
* Menu:
* The Mode Line:: What appears in the mode line?
* Basic Windows:: Manipulating windows in Info.
* The Echo Area:: Used for displaying errors and reading input.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: The Mode Line, Next: Basic Windows, Up: Window Commands
8.1 The Mode Line
=================
A "mode line" is a line of inverse video which appears at the bottom of
an Info window. It describes the contents of the window just above it;
this information includes the name of the file and node appearing in
that window, the number of screen lines it takes to display the node,
and the percentage of text that is above the top of the window. It can
also tell you if the indirect tags table for this Info file needs to be
updated, and whether or not the Info file was compressed when stored on
disk.
Here is a sample mode line for a window containing an uncompressed
file named 'dir', showing the node 'Top'.
-----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top-------------------------------------
^^ ^ ^^^ ^^
(file)Node #lines where
When a node comes from a file which is compressed on disk, this is
indicated in the mode line with two small 'z''s. In addition, if the
Info file containing the node has been split into subfiles, the name of
the subfile containing the node appears in the mode line as well:
--zz-Info: (emacs)Top, 291 lines --Top-- Subfile: emacs-1.Z-------------
Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next
display line, *note toggle-wrap: Scrolling Commands.) is indicated by a
'$' at the left edge of the mode line:
--$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top-- Subfile: texinfo-1-----------
When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no
corresponding info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by
asterisks ('*'). The name itself tells you what the contents of the
window are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed
node showing possible completions:
-----Info: *Completions*, 7 lines --All---------------------------------
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Basic Windows, Next: The Echo Area, Prev: The Mode Line, Up: Window Commands
8.2 Window Commands
===================
It can be convenient to view more than one node at a time. To allow
this, Info can display more than one "window". Each window has its own
mode line (*note The Mode Line::) and history of nodes viewed in that
window (*note 'history-node': Node Commands.).
'C-x o' ('next-window')
Select the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can
only be selected if it is already in use, and you have left it
temporarily. Normally, 'C-x o' simply moves the cursor into the
next window on the screen, or if you are already within the last
window, into the first window on the screen. Given a numeric
argument, 'C-x o' moves over that many windows. A negative
argument causes 'C-x o' to select the previous window on the
screen.
'M-x prev-window'
Select the previous window on the screen. This is identical to
'C-x o' with a negative argument.
'C-x 2' ('split-window')
Split the current window into two windows, both showing the same
node. Each window is one half the size of the original window, and
the cursor remains in the original window. The variable
'automatic-tiling' can cause all of the windows on the screen to be
resized for you automatically (*note 'automatic-tiling':
Variables.).
'C-x 0' ('delete-window')
Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too
many windows and your screen appears cluttered, this is the way to
get rid of some of them.
'C-x 1' ('keep-one-window')
Delete all of the windows excepting the current one.
'ESC C-v' ('scroll-other-window')
Scroll the other window, in the same fashion that 'C-v' might
scroll the current window. Given a negative argument, scroll the
"other" window backward.
'C-x ^' ('grow-window')
Grow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument,
grow the current window that many lines; with a negative numeric
argument, shrink the window instead.
'C-x t' ('tile-windows')
Divide the available screen space among all of the visible windows.
Each window is given an equal portion of the screen in which to
display its contents. The variable 'automatic-tiling' can cause
'tile-windows' to be called when a window is created or deleted.
*Note 'automatic-tiling': Variables.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: The Echo Area, Prev: Basic Windows, Up: Window Commands
8.3 The Echo Area
=================
The "echo area" is a one line window which appears at the bottom of the
screen. It is used to display informative or error messages, and to
read lines of input from you when that is necessary. Almost all of the
commands available in the echo area are identical to their Emacs
counterparts, so please refer to that documentation for greater depth of
discussion on the concepts of editing a line of text. The following
table briefly lists the commands that are available while input is being
read in the echo area:
'C-f' ('echo-area-forward')
<RIGHT> (an arrow key)
'M-h', vi-like operation
Move forward a character.
'C-b' ('echo-area-backward')
<LEFT> (an arrow key)
'M-l', vi-like operation
Move backward a character.
'C-a' ('echo-area-beg-of-line')
'M-0', vi-like operation
Move to the start of the input line.
'C-e' ('echo-area-end-of-line')
'M-$', vi-like operation
Move to the end of the input line.
'M-f' ('echo-area-forward-word')
'C-<RIGHT>' (DOS/Windows only)
'M-w', vi-like operation
Move forward a word.
On DOS/Windows, 'C-<RIGHT>' moves forward by words.
'M-b' ('echo-area-backward-word')
'C-<LEFT>' (DOS/Windows only)
Move backward a word.
On DOS/Windows, 'C-<LEFT>' moves backward by words.
'C-d' ('echo-area-delete')
'M-x', vi-like operation
Delete the character under the cursor.
<DEL> ('echo-area-rubout')
Delete the character behind the cursor.
On some keyboards, this key is designated <BS>, for 'Backspace'.
Those keyboards will usually bind <DEL> in the echo area to
'echo-area-delete'.
'C-g' ('echo-area-abort')
'C-u', vi-like operation
Cancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read,
this command discards the text of the input line which does not
match any completion. If the input line is empty, it aborts the
calling function.
<RET> ('echo-area-newline')
Accept (or forces completion of) the current input line.
'C-q' ('echo-area-quoted-insert')
'C-v', vi-like operation
Insert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert
control characters into a search string, for example, or the '?'
character when Info prompts with completion.
PRINTING CHARACTER ('echo-area-insert')
Insert the character. Characters that have their 8th bit set, and
not bound to 'M-' commands, are also inserted verbatim; this is
useful for terminals which support Latin scripts.
'M-TAB' ('echo-area-tab-insert')
'Shift-<TAB>' (on DOS/Windows only)
Insert a TAB character.
On DOS/Windows only, the 'Shift-<TAB>' key is an alias for
'M-<TAB>'. This key is sometimes called 'BackTab'.
'C-t' ('echo-area-transpose-chars')
Transpose the characters at the cursor.
The next group of commands deal with "killing", and "yanking" text.
(Sometimes these operations are called "cut" and "paste", respectively.)
For an in-depth discussion, see *note Killing and Deleting:
(emacs)Killing.
'M-d' ('echo-area-kill-word')
'M-X', vi-like operation
Kill the word following the cursor.
'M-<DEL>' ('echo-area-backward-kill-word')
'M-<BS>'
Kill the word preceding the cursor.
On some keyboards, the 'Backspace' key is used instead of 'DEL', so
'M-<Backspace>' has the same effect as 'M-<DEL>'.
'C-k' ('echo-area-kill-line')
Kill the text from the cursor to the end of the line.
'C-x <DEL>' ('echo-area-backward-kill-line')
Kill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
'C-y' ('echo-area-yank')
Yank back the contents of the last kill.
'M-y' ('echo-area-yank-pop')
Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first.
Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that
needed input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The
choices represent the "possible completions", and you must respond with
one of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can
make, Info allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much
of the response as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition,
you can request Info to fill in as much of the response as is possible;
this is called "completion".
The following commands are available when completing in the echo
area:
<TAB> ('echo-area-complete')
<SPC>
Insert as much of a completion as is possible.
'?' ('echo-area-possible-completions')
Display a window containing a list of the possible completions of
what you have typed so far. For example, if the available choices
are:
bar
foliate
food
forget
and you have typed an 'f', followed by '?', Info will pop up a
window showing a node called '*Completions*' which lists the
possible completions like this:
3 completions:
foliate food
forget
i.e., all of the choices which begin with 'f'. Pressing <SPC> or
<TAB> would result in 'fo' appearing in the echo area, since all of
the choices which begin with 'f' continue with 'o'. Now, typing
'l' followed by 'TAB' results in 'foliate' appearing in the echo
area, since that is the only choice which begins with 'fol'.
<ESC C-v> ('echo-area-scroll-completions-window')
Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the "other"
window if not.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Printing Nodes, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Window Commands, Up: Top
9 Printing Nodes
****************
In general, we recommend that you use TeX to format the document and
print sections of it, by running 'tex' on the Texinfo source file.
However, you may wish to print out the contents of a node as a quick
reference document for later use, or if you don't have TeX installed.
Info provides you with a command for doing this.
'M-x print-node'
Pipe the contents of the current node through the command in the
environment variable 'INFO_PRINT_COMMAND'. If the variable does
not exist, the node is simply piped to 'lpr' (on DOS/Windows, the
default is to print the node to the local printer device, 'PRN').
The value of 'INFO_PRINT_COMMAND' may begin with the '>' character,
as in '>/dev/printer', in which case Info treats the rest as the
name of a file or a device. Instead of piping to a command, Info
opens the file, writes the node contents, and closes the file,
under the assumption that text written to that file will be printed
by the underlying OS.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Next: Variables, Prev: Printing Nodes, Up: Top
10 Miscellaneous Commands
*************************
GNU Info contains several commands which self-document GNU Info:
'M-x describe-command'
Read the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display
a brief description of what that command does.
'M-x describe-key'
Read a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and
documentation of the Info command that the key sequence invokes.
'M-x describe-variable'
Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a
brief description of what the variable affects.
'M-x where-is'
Read the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display
a key sequence which can be typed in order to invoke that command.
'C-h' ('get-help-window')
'H'
'?'
<F1> (on DOS/Windows only)
'h' and 'H', vi-like operation
Create (or Move into) the window displaying '*Help*', and place a
node containing a quick reference card into it. This window
displays the most concise information about GNU Info available.
'h' ('get-info-help-node')
'M-h', vi-like operation
Try hard to visit the node '(info)Help'. The Info file 'info.texi'
distributed with GNU Info (and GNU Emacs) contains this node. Of
course, the file must first be processed with 'makeinfo', and then
placed into the location of your Info directory.
'=' ('display-file-info')
Show information about what's currently being viewed in the echo
area: the Info file name, and current line number and percentage
within the current node.
'M-x info-version'
Display the name and version of the currently running Info program.
Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument:
'C-u' ('universal-argument')
Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. 'C-u' is a
good way to give a small numeric argument to cursor movement or
scrolling commands; 'C-u C-v' scrolls the screen 4 lines, while
'C-u C-u C-n' moves the cursor down 16 lines. 'C-u' followed by
digit keys sets the numeric argument to the number thus typed: 'C-u
1 2 0' sets the argument to 120.
'M-1' ('add-digit-to-numeric-arg')
'1', vi-like operation
'M-2' ... 'M-9'
'2' ... '9', vi-like operation
'M-0'
'0', vi-like operation
Add the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric
argument. Once Info is reading a numeric argument, you may just
type the digits of the argument, without the Meta prefix. For
example, you might give 'C-l' a numeric argument of 32 by typing:
C-u 3 2 C-l
or
M-3 2 C-l
'M--' ('add-digit-to-numeric-arg')
'-'
To make a negative argument, type '-'. Typing '-' alone makes a
negative argument with a value of -1. If you continue to type
digit or Meta-digit keys after '-', the result is a negative number
produced by those digits.
'-' doesn't work when you type in the echo area, because you need
to be able to insert the '-' character itself; use 'M--' instead,
if you need to specify negative arguments in the echo area.
<C-g> ('C-c' in vi-like mode) is used to abort the reading of a
multi-character key sequence, to cancel lengthy operations (such as
multi-file searches) and to cancel reading input in the echo area.
'C-g' ('abort-key')
'C-c', vi-like operation
Cancel current operation.
The 'q' command of Info simply quits running Info. Under '--vi-keys'
(*note --vi-keys::), you can also exit with ':q' or 'ZZ'.
'q' ('quit')
'C-x C-c'
':q', vi-like operation
'ZZ', vi-like operation
Exit GNU Info.
If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines
tall, and it is actually only 40 lines tall, here is a way to tell Info
that the operating system is correct.
'M-x set-screen-height'
Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the
displayed screen to that value.
On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the
dimensions of the visible screen to the value you type in the echo area.
Finally, Info provides a convenient way to display footnotes which
might be associated with the current node that you are viewing:
'ESC C-f' ('show-footnotes')
Show the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in
another window. You can have Info automatically display the
footnotes associated with a node when the node is selected by
setting the variable 'automatic-footnotes'. *Note
'automatic-footnotes': Variables.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Variables, Next: Custom Key Bindings, Prev: Miscellaneous Commands, Up: Top
11 Manipulating Variables
*************************
GNU Info uses several internal "variables" whose values are looked at by
various Info commands. You can change the values of these variables,
and thus change the behavior of Info, if desired.
There are three ways to set the value of a variable, listed here in
order of precedence:
1. interactively, using the 'set-variable' command described below;
2. on the command line, using the '-v' ('--variable') command line
option (*note variable-assignment::);
3. in the '#var' section of the '.infokey' file (*note Custom Key
Bindings::).
'M-x set-variable'
Read the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area
and then set the variable to that value. Completion is available
when reading the variable name (*note The Echo Area::); completion
is also available when reading the value when that makes sense.
'M-x describe-variable'
Read the name of a variable in the echo area and display its value
and a brief description.
Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info.
'automatic-footnotes'
When set to 'On', footnotes appear and disappear automatically;
else, they appear at the bottom of the node text. This variable is
'Off' by default. When a node is selected, a window containing the
footnotes which appear in that node is created, and the footnotes
are displayed within the new window. The window that Info creates
to contain the footnotes is called '*Footnotes*'. If a node is
selected which contains no footnotes, and a '*Footnotes*' window is
on the screen, the '*Footnotes*' window is deleted. Footnote
windows created in this fashion are not automatically tiled so that
they can use as little of the display as is possible.
'automatic-tiling'
When set to 'On', creating or deleting a window resizes other
windows. This variable is 'Off' by default. Normally, typing 'C-x
2' divides the current window into two equal parts. When
'automatic-tiling' is set to 'On', all of the windows are resized
automatically, keeping an equal number of lines visible in each
window. Any '*Completions*' and '*Footnotes*' windows are
exceptions to the automatic tiling; they retain their original
size.
'cursor-movement-scrolls'
When set to 'On', when cursor movement commands reach the top or
bottom of a node, another node is loaded depending on the value of
'scroll-behaviour' (see below). This is the default. When this
variable is set to 'Off', cursor movements stop at the top or
bottom of a node.
'errors-ring-bell'
When set to 'On' (the default), errors cause the bell to ring.
'gc-compressed-files'
When set to 'On', Info garbage collects files which had to be
uncompressed. The default value of this variable is 'Off'.
Whenever a node is visited in Info, the Info file containing that
node is read into memory, and Info reads information about the tags
and nodes contained in that file. Once the tags information is
read by Info, it is never forgotten. However, the actual text of
the nodes does not need to be retained unless a particular Info
window needs it. For non-compressed files, node text is not
remembered when it is no longer in use. But de-compressing a file
can be a time-consuming operation, and so Info tries hard not to do
it twice. This variable tells Info it is okay to garbage collect
the text of the nodes of a file which was compressed on disk.
'hide-note-references'
By default, Info displays the contents of Info files mostly
verbatim, including text that is used by Info readers for
navigation (for example, marking the location of menus or
cross-references). If you set this variable to 'On', some of this
text is hidden, in a similar way to the 'Info-hide-note-references'
variable in Emacs (*note (info)Emacs Info Variables::).
'highlight-searches'
When set to 'On', highlight matches from searching commands (*note
Searching Commands::).
'infopath-no-defaults'
Used in conjunction with the 'INFOPATH' environment variable (*note
INFOPATH::). When set to 'On', the default documentation directory
defined when Info was built (e.g., '/usr/share/info') is not added
to the search path for Info files.
'ISO-Latin'
When set to 'On', Info accepts and displays ISO Latin characters;
the default is 'Off', i.e., an ASCII character set. 'ISO-Latin'
tells Info that it is running in an environment where the European
standard character set is in use, and allows you to input such
characters to Info, as well as display them.
'key-time'
Length of time in milliseconds to wait for the next byte of a byte
sequence generated by a key (or key chord) on the keyboard. For
example, if the 'down' key generates the byte sequence '<ESC> O B',
and the two bytes '<ESC> O' have been received, then a 'B' byte
would have to be received within this length of time for a key
press of 'down' to be registered. You may wish to set this
variable to a larger value for slow terminals or network
connections.
Set this variable to 0 to wait indefinitely for the next byte. If
you do this, you will not be able to use some keys that generate
sequences that are initial subsequences of those generated by other
keys; for example, <ESC>, 'M-O' and 'M-['.
'min-search-length'
Minimum length of a search string (default 1). Attempts to
initiate a search for a string (or regular expression) shorter than
this value, result in an error.
'mouse'
What method to use to get input from a mouse device. The default
value is 'normal-tracking', which makes Info use "normal tracking
mode" if it detects that the terminal supports it. This enables
you to scroll the contents of the active window with a mouse
scrollwheel. Set this variable to 'Off' to disable the use of a
mouse.
On terminal emulators running under the X Window System, such as
'xterm', you can usually select text with the mouse. However,
mouse tracking mode may interfere with this. When this happens,
you may be able to select text by holding down the 'Shift' key
while clicking and dragging.
'scroll-behavior'
'scroll-behaviour'
The two variable names are synonymous. Control what happens when
scrolling commands are used at the end or beginning of a node
(*note Scrolling Commands::). The default value for this variable
is 'Continuous'. Possible values:
'Continuous'
Try to get the first item in this node's menu, or failing
that, the 'Next' node, or failing that, the 'Next' of the 'Up'
node. This behavior is identical to using the ']'
('global-next-node') and '[' ('global-prev-node') commands.
'Next Only'
Only try to get the 'Next' node.
'Page Only'
Just stop, changing nothing. With this value, no scrolling
command can change the node that is being viewed.
This variable also affects cursor movement commands (*note Cursor
Commands::) unless the 'cursor-movement-scrolls' variable is set to
'Off'. *Note cursor-movement-scrolls::.
'scroll-last-node'
Control what happens when a scrolling command is issued at the end
of the last node. Possible values are:
'Stop'
Do not scroll. Display the 'No more nodes within this
document.' message. This is the default.
'Top'
Go to the top node of the document.
This variable is in effect only if 'scroll-behaviour' is set to
'Continuous'.
'scroll-step'
The number of lines to scroll to bring the cursor back into the
window. The default value of this variable is 1, which causes a
kind of "smooth scrolling" which some people prefer. Scrolling
happens automatically if the cursor has moved out of the visible
portion of the node text.
If the variable 'scroll-step' is 0, the cursor (and the text it is
attached to) is placed in the centre of the window.
'search-skip-screen'
Set the starting point of repeated searches (*note
repeated-search::). When set to 'Off' (the default), repeated
searches start at the position immediately following (when
searching in forward direction), or immediately preceding (when
searching backwards) the cursor. When set to 'On', repeated
searches omit lines visibly displayed on the screen. In other
words, forward searches ('}') start at the beginning of the next
page, and backward searches ('{') start at the end of the previous
page.
'show-index-match'
When set to 'On' (the default), the portion of the matched search
string that you typed is indicated (by displaying it in the
"opposite" case) in the result message (*note 'next-index-match':
Searching Commands.).
'visible-bell'
When set to 'On', Info attempts to flash the screen instead of
ringing the bell. This variable is 'Off' by default. If the
terminal does not allow flashing, this variable has no effect.
(But you can still make Info perform quietly by setting the
'errors-ring-bell' variable to 'Off'; or using an external command
to mute the bell, e.g., 'xset b 0 0 0'.)
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Custom Key Bindings, Next: Index, Prev: Variables, Up: Top
12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables
*****************************************
Info allows you to override the default key-to-command bindings and
variable settings described in this document. (The '--vi-keys' option
rebinds many keys at once; *note --vi-keys::.)
On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's
'HOME' directory called '.infokey', i.e., '~/.infokey'.(1) If it is
present, then Info adopts the key bindings and variable settings
contained therein. To use an alternative configuration file, use the
'--init-file' option (*note --init-file::).
Variables may also be set on the command line with the '--variable'
option (*note variable-assignment::). Variable settings on the command
line override settings from the '.infokey' file.
* Menu:
* infokey format::
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of
Info looks for a file '_infokey' instead. If the 'HOME' variable is not
defined, Info additionally looks in the current directory.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: infokey format, Up: Custom Key Bindings
12.1 'infokey' format
=====================
The format of the '.infokey' file is most easily illustrated by example.
For instance, here is a sample init file suitable for aficionados of
'vi' or 'less':
#info
j next-line
k prev-line
l forward-char
h backward-char
\kd down-line
\ku up-line
\ scroll-forward
\kD scroll-forward-page-only
b scroll-backward
\kU scroll-backward-page-only
g beginning-of-node
\kh beginning-of-node
G end-of-node
\ke end-of-node
\t select-reference-this-line
- history-node
n next-node
p prev-node
u up-node
t top-node
d dir-node
\mu clear-search
#var
highlight-searches=On
The file consists of one or more "sections". Each section starts
with a line that identifies the type of section. The possible sections
are:
'#info'
Key bindings for Info windows. The start of this section is
indicated by a line containing just '#info' by itself. If this is
the first section in the source file, the '#info' line can be
omitted. The rest of this section consists of lines of the form:
STRING whitespace ACTION [ whitespace [ # comment ] ] newline
Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs.
Comment is any sequence of any characters, excluding newline.
STRING is the key sequence which invokes the action. ACTION is the
name of an Info command. The characters in STRING are interpreted
literally or prefixed by a caret ('^') to indicate a control
character. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies
input keystrokes as follows:
'\b'
Backspace
'\e'
Escape (ESC)
'\n'
Newline
'\r'
Return
'\t'
Tab
'\ku'
Up arrow
'\kd'
Down arrow
'\kl'
Left arrow
'\kr'
Right arrow
'\kU'
Page Up
'\kD'
Page Down
'\kh'
HOME
'\ke'
END
'\kx'
Delete (DEL)
'\mX'
Meta-X where X is any character as described above.
Backslash followed by any other character indicates that character
is to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by a
backslash include caret, space, tab, and backslash itself.
'#echo-area'
Key bindings for the echo area. The start of this section is
indicated by a line containing just '#echo-area' by itself. The
rest of this section has a syntax identical to that for the key
definitions for the Info area, described above.
'#var'
Variable initializations. The start of this section is indicated
by a line containing just '#var' by itself. Following this line is
a list of variable assignments, one per line. Each line consists
of a variable name (*note Variables::) followed by '=' followed by
a value. There may be no white space between the variable name and
the '=', and all characters following the '=', including white
space, are included in the value.
Blank lines and lines starting with '#' are ignored, except for the
special section header lines.
Key bindings defined in the '.infokey' file take precedence over GNU
Info's default key bindings, whether or not '--vi-keys' is used. A
default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the '.infokey'
file with the action 'invalid'. In addition, _all_ default key bindings
can be disabled by adding this line _anywhere_ in the relevant section:
#stop
This will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for
that section.
Beware: '#stop' can be dangerous. Since it disables all default key
bindings, you must supply enough new key bindings to enable all
necessary actions. Failure to bind any key to the 'quit' command, for
example, can lead to frustration.
The order in which key bindings are defined in the '.infokey' file is
not important, except that the command summary produced by the
'get-help-window' command only displays the _first_ key that is bound to
each command.
File: info-stnd.info, Node: Index, Prev: Custom Key Bindings, Up: Top
Appendix A Index
****************
�[index�]
* Menu:
* ', vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 51)
* '*Footnotes*' window: Variables. (line 32)
* ,: Searching Commands. (line 93)
* -: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 77)
* '--all' ('-a') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 94)
* '--apropos' ('-k') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 115)
* '--debug' ('-x') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 127)
* '--directory' ('-d') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 149)
* '--dribble' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 179)
* '--file' ('-f') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 185)
* '--help' ('-h') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 203)
* '--index-search' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 207)
* '--init-file' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 221)
* '--node' ('-n') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 227)
* '--output' ('-o') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 240)
* '--raw-escapes' ('-R') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 246)
* '--restore' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 264)
* '--show-malformed-multibytes' command line option: Invoking Info.
(line 271)
* '--show-options' ('--usage', '-O') command line option: Invoking Info.
(line 277)
* '--speech-friendly' ('-b') command line option: Invoking Info.
(line 287)
* '--strict-node-location' command line option: Invoking Info.
(line 295)
* '--subnodes', command line option: Invoking Info. (line 304)
* '--variable' ('-v') command line option: Invoking Info. (line 312)
* '--version' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 315)
* '--vi-keys' command line option: Invoking Info. (line 318)
* '--where' ('--location', '-w') command line option: Invoking Info.
(line 326)
* '.infokey' format: infokey format. (line 6)
* /: Searching Commands. (line 12)
* 0 ... 9, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 64)
* 0, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)
* 1 ... 9, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)
* 1 ... 9, in Info windows <1>: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)
* <: Node Commands. (line 70)
* =, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 41)
* >: Node Commands. (line 77)
* ?, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 29)
* ?, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 133)
* ?, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 25)
* [: Node Commands. (line 90)
* ]: Node Commands. (line 83)
* '_info' file (MS-DOS): Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)
* {: Searching Commands. (line 63)
* }: Searching Commands. (line 50)
* abort-key: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 92)
* absolute Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 52)
* add-digit-to-numeric-arg: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 64)
* ANSI escape sequences in documents: Invoking Info. (line 246)
* Apropos, in Info files: Invoking Info. (line 115)
* arguments, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6)
* arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 77)
* automatic-footnotes: Variables. (line 32)
* automatic-tiling: Variables. (line 44)
* b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 63)
* b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 69)
* BackTab, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 57)
* BackTab, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 82)
* backward-char: Cursor Commands. (line 49)
* backward-word: Cursor Commands. (line 57)
* beginning-of-line: Cursor Commands. (line 37)
* beginning-of-node: Cursor Commands. (line 63)
* BS (backspace): Scrolling Commands. (line 59)
* bugs, reporting: Stand-alone Info. (line 26)
* C-a, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 37)
* C-a, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 27)
* C-b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 49)
* C-b, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 23)
* C-b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 69)
* C-c, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 92)
* C-CENTER: Node Commands. (line 51)
* C-d, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 48)
* C-d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 99)
* C-e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 41)
* C-e, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 31)
* C-e, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* C-End: Cursor Commands. (line 68)
* C-f, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 45)
* C-f, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 18)
* C-f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 40)
* C-g, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 92)
* C-g, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 59)
* C-g, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 41)
* C-h: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 29)
* C-Home: Cursor Commands. (line 63)
* C-k, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 105)
* C-k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* C-l: Scrolling Commands. (line 121)
* C-LEFT: Cursor Commands. (line 57)
* C-LEFT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 44)
* C-n: Cursor Commands. (line 29)
* C-n, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* C-NEXT: Node Commands. (line 22)
* C-p: Cursor Commands. (line 33)
* C-p, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* C-PgDn: Node Commands. (line 24)
* C-PgUp: Node Commands. (line 30)
* C-PREVIOUS: Node Commands. (line 28)
* C-q, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 69)
* C-r: Searching Commands. (line 78)
* C-RIGHT: Cursor Commands. (line 53)
* C-RIGHT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 38)
* C-s: Searching Commands. (line 73)
* C-t, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 86)
* C-u: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 51)
* C-u, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 59)
* C-u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 106)
* C-UP: Node Commands. (line 35)
* C-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 40)
* C-v, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 69)
* C-w: Scrolling Commands. (line 128)
* C-x 0: Basic Windows. (line 34)
* C-x 1: Basic Windows. (line 39)
* C-x 2: Basic Windows. (line 26)
* C-x b: Node Commands. (line 169)
* C-x C-b: Node Commands. (line 164)
* C-x C-c: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 101)
* C-x C-f: Node Commands. (line 158)
* C-x DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 108)
* C-x g, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 101)
* C-x n: Searching Commands. (line 50)
* C-x N: Searching Commands. (line 63)
* C-x n, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 22)
* C-x o: Basic Windows. (line 12)
* C-x r, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 38)
* C-x t: Basic Windows. (line 52)
* C-x u, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 35)
* C-x ^: Basic Windows. (line 47)
* C-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 111)
* C-y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* cancelling the current operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 92)
* cancelling typeahead: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 92)
* case-sensitive search: Searching Commands. (line 42)
* case-sensitivity, and search: Searching Commands. (line 120)
* clear-search: Searching Commands. (line 112)
* colors in documents: Invoking Info. (line 246)
* command line options: Invoking Info. (line 6)
* command-line options, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 277)
* commands, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 9)
* completion: The Echo Area. (line 116)
* compressed Info files: Invoking Info. (line 35)
* current file, information about: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 41)
* cursor, moving: Cursor Commands. (line 6)
* customizing key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)
* d: Node Commands. (line 63)
* d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 99)
* debugging: Invoking Info. (line 127)
* default key bindings, overriding: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)
* DEL, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 50)
* DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 51)
* delete-window: Basic Windows. (line 34)
* describe-command: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 9)
* describe-key: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 13)
* describe-variable: Variables. (line 26)
* dir-node: Node Commands. (line 63)
* directory path: Invoking Info. (line 149)
* display-file-info: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 41)
* DOWN (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 29)
* DOWN, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* down-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 68)
* echo area: The Echo Area. (line 6)
* echo-area-abort: The Echo Area. (line 59)
* echo-area-backward: The Echo Area. (line 23)
* echo-area-backward-kill-line: The Echo Area. (line 108)
* echo-area-backward-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 99)
* echo-area-backward-word: The Echo Area. (line 42)
* echo-area-beg-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 27)
* echo-area-complete: The Echo Area. (line 130)
* echo-area-delete: The Echo Area. (line 48)
* echo-area-end-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 31)
* echo-area-forward: The Echo Area. (line 18)
* echo-area-forward-word: The Echo Area. (line 36)
* echo-area-insert: The Echo Area. (line 74)
* echo-area-kill-line: The Echo Area. (line 105)
* echo-area-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 95)
* echo-area-newline: The Echo Area. (line 65)
* echo-area-possible-completions: The Echo Area. (line 133)
* echo-area-quoted-insert: The Echo Area. (line 69)
* echo-area-rubout: The Echo Area. (line 51)
* echo-area-scroll-completions-window: The Echo Area. (line 157)
* echo-area-tab-insert: The Echo Area. (line 80)
* echo-area-transpose-chars: The Echo Area. (line 86)
* echo-area-yank: The Echo Area. (line 111)
* echo-area-yank-pop: The Echo Area. (line 114)
* Emacs Info reader: Stand-alone Info. (line 16)
* End: Cursor Commands. (line 41)
* end-of-line: Cursor Commands. (line 41)
* end-of-node: Cursor Commands. (line 68)
* errors-ring-bell: Variables. (line 61)
* ESC C-f: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 118)
* ESC C-v, in Info windows: Basic Windows. (line 42)
* ESC C-v, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 157)
* f: Selecting Xrefs. (line 38)
* f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 40)
* F1: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 29)
* file names, relative: Invoking Info. (line 52)
* file, outputting to: Invoking Info. (line 240)
* files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 35)
* find-menu: Selecting Xrefs. (line 30)
* finding the Invocation node: Node Commands. (line 115)
* first-node: Node Commands. (line 70)
* footnotes window: Variables. (line 32)
* footnotes, displaying: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 118)
* format of '.infokey': infokey format. (line 6)
* forward-char: Cursor Commands. (line 45)
* forward-word: Cursor Commands. (line 53)
* functions, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 9)
* g: Node Commands. (line 101)
* G: Node Commands. (line 133)
* g, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 70)
* G, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 77)
* gc-compressed-files: Variables. (line 64)
* get-help-window: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 29)
* get-info-help-node: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 35)
* global-next-node: Node Commands. (line 83)
* global-prev-node: Node Commands. (line 90)
* goto-invocation: Node Commands. (line 115)
* goto-node: Node Commands. (line 101)
* GROFF_SGR: Invoking Info. (line 254)
* grow-window: Basic Windows. (line 47)
* h: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 35)
* h, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 29)
* hide-note-references: Variables. (line 78)
* highlight-searches: Searching Commands. (line 112)
* highlight-searches <1>: Variables. (line 86)
* history-node: Node Commands. (line 51)
* Home: Cursor Commands. (line 37)
* i: Searching Commands. (line 83)
* I: Searching Commands. (line 89)
* I, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 115)
* incremental search: Searching Commands. (line 73)
* index search, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info.
(line 207)
* index, searching: Searching Commands. (line 83)
* index, virtual: Searching Commands. (line 89)
* index-apropos: Searching Commands. (line 97)
* index-search: Searching Commands. (line 83)
* Info files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 35)
* Info files, reading in Emacs: Stand-alone Info. (line 16)
* Info files, relative: Invoking Info. (line 52)
* Info files, searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 115)
* Info manual location: Invoking Info. (line 326)
* Info manual, specifying initial: Invoking Info. (line 185)
* Info, invoking: Invoking Info. (line 6)
* info-version: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 46)
* 'infodebug' output file: Invoking Info. (line 142)
* 'infokey' format: infokey format. (line 6)
* 'infokey', program for customizing key bindings: Custom Key Bindings.
(line 6)
* INFOPATH: Invoking Info. (line 149)
* infopath-no-defaults: Variables. (line 90)
* INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable: Printing Nodes. (line 13)
* initial node, specifying: Invoking Info. (line 185)
* invocation description, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 277)
* invoking Info: Invoking Info. (line 6)
* isearch-backward: Searching Commands. (line 78)
* isearch-forward: Searching Commands. (line 73)
* ISO Latin characters: Variables. (line 96)
* ISO-Latin: Variables. (line 96)
* k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* keep-one-window: Basic Windows. (line 39)
* key bindings, customizing: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)
* key-time: Variables. (line 103)
* keys, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 13)
* keystrokes, recording: Invoking Info. (line 179)
* l: Node Commands. (line 51)
* last-menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)
* last-node: Node Commands. (line 77)
* LEFT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 49)
* LEFT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 23)
* Less-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 318)
* LFD, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* list-visited-nodes: Node Commands. (line 164)
* local printer device: Printing Nodes. (line 18)
* m: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25)
* M-$, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 31)
* M--: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 77)
* M-0 ... M-9: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 64)
* M-0, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 27)
* M-0, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)
* M-1 ... M-9, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)
* M-1 ... M-9, vi-like operation <1>: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)
* M-<: Cursor Commands. (line 63)
* M->: Cursor Commands. (line 68)
* M-b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 57)
* M-b, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 42)
* M-b, vi-like operation: Cursor Commands. (line 63)
* M-BS, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 101)
* M-d, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 95)
* M-d, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 63)
* M-DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 99)
* M-f, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 53)
* M-f, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 36)
* M-f, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 38)
* M-g, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 62)
* M-h, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 18)
* M-h, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 35)
* M-l, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 23)
* M-r: Cursor Commands. (line 71)
* M-SPC, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 40)
* M-t, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 59)
* M-TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 54)
* M-TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 80)
* M-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 69)
* M-w, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 36)
* M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 48)
* M-X, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 95)
* M-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 114)
* malformed multibyte sequences, showing: Invoking Info. (line 271)
* man: Node Commands. (line 174)
* man pages, bold and underline: Invoking Info. (line 254)
* man pages, displaying: Node Commands. (line 174)
* menu, following: Invoking Info. (line 64)
* menu, following, from inside Info: Node Commands. (line 133)
* menu-digit: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)
* menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25)
* menu-sequence: Node Commands. (line 133)
* mouse: Variables. (line 123)
* move-to-next-xref: Selecting Xrefs. (line 46)
* move-to-prev-xref: Selecting Xrefs. (line 54)
* move-to-window-line: Cursor Commands. (line 71)
* moving the cursor: Cursor Commands. (line 6)
* n: Node Commands. (line 22)
* n, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 50)
* n, vi-like operation <1>: Searching Commands. (line 63)
* negative arguments: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 77)
* NEXT: Scrolling Commands. (line 18)
* next-index-match: Searching Commands. (line 93)
* next-line: Cursor Commands. (line 29)
* next-node: Node Commands. (line 22)
* next-window: Basic Windows. (line 12)
* node, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info. (line 227)
* nodes, selection of: Node Commands. (line 6)
* numeric arguments: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 51)
* numeric arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 77)
* O: Node Commands. (line 115)
* online help, using Info as: Invoking Info. (line 207)
* options, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6)
* outputting to a file: Invoking Info. (line 240)
* overriding default key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)
* p: Node Commands. (line 28)
* PageDown: Scrolling Commands. (line 34)
* PageUp: Scrolling Commands. (line 63)
* prev-line: Cursor Commands. (line 33)
* prev-node: Node Commands. (line 28)
* prev-window: Basic Windows. (line 22)
* PREVIOUS: Scrolling Commands. (line 51)
* print-node: Printing Nodes. (line 13)
* printing: Printing Nodes. (line 6)
* printing characters, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 74)
* printing nodes to the local printer: Printing Nodes. (line 18)
* q: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 101)
* quit: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 101)
* quitting: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 101)
* R: Searching Commands. (line 37)
* r: Selecting Xrefs. (line 38)
* redraw-display: Scrolling Commands. (line 121)
* regular expression search: Searching Commands. (line 12)
* relative Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 52)
* remembering user keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 179)
* repeated search: Searching Commands. (line 50)
* replaying recorded keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 264)
* RET, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 62)
* RET, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 65)
* RET, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 85)
* RIGHT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 45)
* RIGHT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 18)
* s: Searching Commands. (line 12)
* S: Searching Commands. (line 42)
* screen, changing the height of: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 108)
* scroll-backward: Scrolling Commands. (line 51)
* scroll-backward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 69)
* scroll-backward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 76)
* scroll-behavior: Variables. (line 138)
* scroll-behaviour: Variables. (line 138)
* scroll-forward: Scrolling Commands. (line 18)
* scroll-forward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 40)
* scroll-forward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 45)
* scroll-half-screen-down: Scrolling Commands. (line 99)
* scroll-half-screen-up: Scrolling Commands. (line 106)
* scroll-last-node: Variables. (line 161)
* scroll-other-window: Basic Windows. (line 42)
* scroll-step: Variables. (line 175)
* scrolling: Scrolling Commands. (line 6)
* scrolling through node structure: Scrolling Commands. (line 111)
* search: Searching Commands. (line 12)
* search, and case-sensitivity: Searching Commands. (line 120)
* search, case-sensitive: Searching Commands. (line 42)
* search-backward: Searching Commands. (line 25)
* search-case-sensitively: Searching Commands. (line 42)
* search-next: Searching Commands. (line 50)
* search-previous: Searching Commands. (line 63)
* search-skip-screen: Variables. (line 185)
* searching: Searching Commands. (line 6)
* Searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 115)
* searching, in the indices: Searching Commands. (line 83)
* select-reference-this-line: Selecting Xrefs. (line 62)
* select-visited-node: Node Commands. (line 169)
* Selecting text with the mouse: Variables. (line 130)
* set-screen-height: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 108)
* set-variable: Variables. (line 20)
* Shift-TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 57)
* Shift-TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 80)
* Shift-TAB, in the echo area <1>: The Echo Area. (line 82)
* show-footnotes: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 118)
* show-index-match: Variables. (line 196)
* slow network connections: Variables. (line 103)
* SPC, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 17)
* SPC, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 130)
* speech synthesizers: Invoking Info. (line 287)
* split-window: Basic Windows. (line 26)
* startup node, specifying: Invoking Info. (line 185)
* t: Node Commands. (line 59)
* TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 46)
* TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 130)
* tile-windows: Basic Windows. (line 52)
* tiling: Basic Windows. (line 52)
* toggle-regexp: Searching Commands. (line 37)
* toggle-wrap: Scrolling Commands. (line 128)
* top-node: Node Commands. (line 59)
* u: Node Commands. (line 35)
* u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 106)
* universal-argument: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 51)
* UP (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 33)
* UP, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* up-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* up-node: Node Commands. (line 35)
* variable assignment: Invoking Info. (line 312)
* variables, describing: Variables. (line 26)
* variables, setting: Variables. (line 20)
* version information: Invoking Info. (line 315)
* vi-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 318)
* view-file: Node Commands. (line 158)
* virtual-index: Searching Commands. (line 89)
* visible-bell: Variables. (line 202)
* w, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 76)
* Where is an Info manual?: Invoking Info. (line 326)
* where-is: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 21)
* windows, creating: Basic Windows. (line 26)
* windows, deleting: Basic Windows. (line 34)
* windows, manipulating: Window Commands. (line 6)
* windows, selecting: Basic Windows. (line 12)
* xref-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 38)
* xterm mouse selections: Variables. (line 130)
* y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 94)
* z, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 45)
* ZZ, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 101)
Tag Table:
Node: Top1521
Node: Stand-alone Info2911
Node: Invoking Info4268
Ref: command-line menu items6958
Ref: --all8123
Ref: --apropos8953
Ref: INFOPATH10324
Ref: --init-file13746
Ref: --raw-escapes14725
Ref: --show-options16159
Ref: variable-assignment17888
Ref: --vi-keys18061
Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-118663
Node: Cursor Commands19045
Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-121810
Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-222093
Node: Scrolling Commands22281
Node: Node Commands28585
Ref: goto-node32322
Ref: goto-invocation32893
Node: Searching Commands36058
Ref: repeated-search38115
Node: Xref Commands42687
Node: Parts of an Xref43306
Node: Selecting Xrefs45279
Node: Window Commands47434
Node: The Mode Line48377
Node: Basic Windows50288
Node: The Echo Area52772
Node: Printing Nodes58246
Node: Miscellaneous Commands59401
Node: Variables64010
Ref: cursor-movement-scrolls66452
Ref: infopath-no-defaults68292
Ref: min-search-length69668
Ref: scroll-behavior70544
Node: Custom Key Bindings73613
Ref: Custom Key Bindings-Footnote-174558
Node: infokey format74763
Node: Index79103
End Tag Table