Function: PRIBEAM Purpose: Calculate primary beam correction (after proper initialization) Files: pribeam.shl Author: M. Vogelaar Category: RADIO DATA, HEADER Use: REAL PRIBEAM( setname , Input CHARACTER*(*) subset , Input INTEGER axperm , Input INTEGER ARRAY X , Input REAL Y , Input REAL option , I/O INTEGER errtxt , O CHARACTER*(*) ) PRIBEAM Returns correction value less than 1.0 (i.e. a 'Antenna Power Spectrum' value) after proper initialization. The setup needs to be done only once and is achieved by calling the function with option = 0. If the function returns option <> 0 it is ready for calculating the corrections. setname Name of GDS set. subset Subset coordinate word. The subset can be 1- or 2-dimensional. If it is one dimensional, the coordinates are to be supplied in X. axperm Axis permutation array. X Grid position of point in longitude direction. Y Grid position in latitude direction. option INPUT: option = 0 : Initialize PRIBEAM. option = 1 : Return 0 if beyond cutoff. option = 2 : Return min. allowed value beyond cutoff. The function calculates this value for different telescopes. option = 3 : Disable cutoff, i.e. return values that correspond to coordinates outside the validity range of the correction function. option = 4 : Return blank if beyond cutoff. Use option <> 4 very carefully! OUTPUT: option < 0 : Not a successful initialization. 'errtxt' contains the error message. errtxt After an unsuccessful initialization, errtxt contains a message about what went wrong. Description: PRIBEAM looks in the set header for the instrument used. Instruments recognized by PBCORR are: WSRT, VLA, (VLAP), FST and the millimeter arrays IRAM-PdB, NMA (Nobeyama), OVRO and BIMA. The VLAP beam shape comes from A. Rots. The shape for the millimeter arrays are approximated by form.4 (F. Viallefond). Added in 2010 is the GMRT, The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope RF is [D * freq (GHz)], where D is the distance from the pointing position in minutes of arc for the VLA and the ATCA antenna and in degrees for other antennas. The distance D is computed using spherical geometry except for the millimeter arrays for which a flat geometry is a good approximation (small ratio primary beam size/pixel size) to speed up the computations. The shape of the primary beam then, is represented by the following formulas (PBC is the correction factor): form.1 : WSRT PBC = COS(C*RF)**6 4995 Mhz (6 cm): C = 61.18 1415 Mhz (21 cm): C = 61.18 608.5 Mhz (50 cm): C = 66.4 327.25 Mhz (90 cm): C = 62.9 (After jan '89) form.3 : VLA all frequencies outside freq. ranges of form 5 PBC = 1 / F(RF**2) The VLA correction is described by the function: ( 1/correction=Power Spectrum ) F(RF2) = 0.9920378 +0.9956885 E-3 RF2 +0.3814573 E-5 RF2*RF2 -0.5311695 E-8 RF2*RF2*RF2 +0.3980963 E-11 RF2*RF2*RF2*RF2 F(FR2) = a0 + a1*RF2 + a2*RF2*RF2 + a3*RF2*RF2*RF2 + a4*RF2*RF2*RF2*RF2 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Instru. VLA ATCA ATCA ATCA ATCA Band all bands 20cm 13cm 6cm 3cm ------------------------------------------------------------------ a0 +0.9920378 +1. +1. +1. +1. a1 +0.9956885 E-03 +8.99E-04 +1.02E-03 +1.08E-03 +1.04E-03 a2 +0.3814573 E-05 +2.15E-06 +9.48E-07 +1.31E-06 +8.36E-07 a3 -0.5311695 E-08 -2.23E-09 -3.68E-10 -1.17E-09 -4.68E-10 a4 +0.3980963 E-11 +1.56E-12 +4.88E-13 +1.07E-12 +5.50E-13 ------------------------------------------------------------------ N.B. range for the ATCA [0-50] arcmin GHz for the 20, 13, 6 and 3cm bands (ref. "Measurement of the ATCA primary beam" Sept. 8, 1992 by Wieringe and Kesteven. form.4 : FST (Fleurs) and millimeter arrays PBC = EXP(-T2*RF*RF) (T2 = 0.8031 for the FST) T0, T2, T4 and T6 depend on the instrument used and in some cases also on the frequency. form.5: new VLA for different frequency ranges (R. Perley report 21-Nov-00). Fits were made to 3% cutoff in power for 24 antennas. Poor fits and discrepant fits were discarded, and the most consistent subset of antennas had their fitted coefficients averaged to produce the 'best' coefficients. The estimated errors (from the scatter in the fitted coefficients) are genarally very small: a1: 0.003 E-3 at all bands except Q (0.14 E-3) a2: 0.03 to 0.07 E-7 at all bands except Q (0.15 E-7) a2: 0.01 to 0.02 E-10 at all bands except Q (0.04 E-10) PBC = 1 / F(RF**2) The VLA correction is described by the function: ( 1/correction=Power Spectrum ) F(FR2) = a0 + a1*RF2 + a2*RF2*RF2 + a3*RF2*RF2*RF2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INSTRUME VLA VLA VLA VLA VLA VLA VLA Band L C X U K Q Freq range 1.43-1.73 4.5-5.0 8.0-8.8 14.4-15.4 22-24 40-50 Freq (GHz) 1.285 1.465 4.885 8.435 14.965 22.485 43.315 Lambda 20cm 13cm 6cm 3.6cm 2cm 1.3cm 0.7cm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a0 +1. +1. +1. +1. +1. +1. +1. a1 -1.329E-03 -1.343E-03 -1.372E-03 -1.306E-03 -1.305E-03 -1.417E-03 -1.321E-03 a2 +6.445E-07 +6.579E-07 +6.940E-07 +6.253E-07 +6.155E-07 +7.332E-07 +6.185E-07 a3 -1.146E-10 -1.186E-10 -1.309E-10 -1.100E-10 -1.030E-10 -1.352E-10 -0.983E-10 form 6: For the GMRT the following formula applies: 1 + (a/10^3)x^2 + (b/10^7)x^4 + (c/10^10)x^6 + (d /10^13)x^8 where x = RF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Freq band a0 a1 a2 a3 Halfpower width 153 MHz -4.04 76.2 -68.8 22.03 180' 235 MHz -3.366 46.159 -29.963 7.529 118.5' 325 MHz -3.397 47.192 -30.931 7.803 85.2' 610 MHz -3.486 47.749 -35.203 10.399 44.4' L band -2.27961 21.4611 -9.7929 1.80153 26.2' ( 1280 MHz) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outside the validity range, the correction is set to a value depending on 'option'. For WSRT and VLA The cutoff occurs at a primary beam sensitivity of 2.3% of the value at the beam center, i.e. where the Antenna Power Spectrum is equal to 2.3/100. For the ATCA the cutoff occurs for RF = 50 arcmin GHz in all bands. For the Fleurs telescope the cutoff is (at 21 cm) at a distance of 2.8 degrees. The pointing position is obtained from the header items PCRA and PCDEC. If these items are not available, the reference values (CRVAL) of pixel 0 are used. Note: If PRIBEAM cannot find a proper frequency, the frequency is asked with FREQUENCY= The keyword accepts a number and a unit. If no unit is given, the number is in GHz. Otherwise a conversion is done to GHz. The possible units to convert are for example MHz, Hz, but also cm. Only the first time the keyword is asked unhidden. Documentation about this keyword should be included in the documentation of the application that calls 'PRIBEAM'. Updates: Mar 27, 1990: MV, Document created. Jan 14, 1992: MV, Cotrans to calculate distance. Apr 8, 1992: MV, Other VLA formula. Jul 23, 1992: MV, Made suitable for 1-dim. subsets. Jul 24, 1992: MV, One formula for all WSRT frequencies. Dec 31, 1992: FV, Millimeter arrays added Mar 9, 1993: FV, Australia Telescope added Mar 29, 2003: FV, Updated now using form 5 for the VLA Apr 21, 2010: VOG, Added GMRT